CN104024516B - 防弹织物以及使用该防弹织物制造的防弹衣 - Google Patents

防弹织物以及使用该防弹织物制造的防弹衣 Download PDF

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CN104024516B
CN104024516B CN201180076110.0A CN201180076110A CN104024516B CN 104024516 B CN104024516 B CN 104024516B CN 201180076110 A CN201180076110 A CN 201180076110A CN 104024516 B CN104024516 B CN 104024516B
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韩仁植
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防弹织物以及使用该防弹织物制造的防弹衣。所述防弹织物包括：芳香族聚酰胺织物(10)，其中所述芳香族聚酰胺织物(10)包括作为经线和纬线的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝；形成于所述芳香族聚酰胺织物(10)上的主防水涂层(20)；以及形成于所述主防水涂层(20)上的次防水涂层(30)。本发明的防弹衣具有堆叠10到50层上述防弹织物(10)的层叠结构，优选地，进一步包括芳香族聚酰胺复合垫(40)，其插入在防弹衣的一部分处设置的口袋中。根据本发明，防水特性优良，显著提高了防弹衣在打湿状态下的性能，特别地，当芳香族聚酰胺复合垫(40)插入在该防弹衣中时，防弹衣在防弹性能测试后的背面变形大幅减小。

Description

防弹织物以及使用该防弹织物制造的防弹衣
技术领域
本发明涉及防弹织物和使用该防弹织物制备的防弹衣，特别地，涉及一种在变湿的情况下(以下称为“打湿状态”)大幅改进了防弹性能的防弹衣，以及一种使用该防弹织物制造的防弹衣。
背景技术
防弹服装(以下称防弹衣)是为了保护人体免受敌人射出的炮弹和子弹的弹片(碎片)的伤害而研发的。这类防弹衣的最重要的要求是防弹性能，其决定了在多大程度上能够安全地保护人体免受炮弹和子弹的伤害。
近年来，要求研发出在打湿状态下具有与干燥状态下一样出色的防弹性能的防弹衣。
生产防弹衣的常规技术包括将芳香族聚酰胺织物浸没在包含含氟树脂等的防水溶液中，压平并干燥来制备防水的芳香族聚酰胺织物；然后，堆叠10到50层该疏水织物，以完成具有层叠结构的防弹衣。相关技术领域中使用这种方法制造的防弹衣被广泛使用。
然而，上述传统防弹衣尽管在干燥状态下具有出色的防弹性能，但由于欠佳的防水处理，使得其在打湿状态下的防弹性能降低。
进一步地，在防弹性能测试中，传统防弹衣很少能达到美国国家司法研究所(NIJ)的防弹衣背面变形(rear deformation)为44mm或更小的标准。因此，在更严格的背面变形的标准的情况下的使用受到限制。
发明内容
技术问题
为了解决上述传统的问题，本发明的一个目标是提供一种在打湿状态下的防水性能得到改进并且在防弹性能测试中与NIJ的防水服装的背面变形标准相比背面变形大幅减小的防弹织物，以及一种使用该防弹织物制造的防弹衣。
技术方案
为了达到上述目标，提供了一种在其上具有两个防水层的防弹织物，也就是说，通过对织物执行两次防水处理顺次形成主防水涂层20和次防水涂层30，从而提高防弹衣在打湿状态下的防弹性能。
此外，本发明包括将芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40插入到设置在防弹衣的一部分处的口袋中，使得在防弹性能测试中的背面变形大幅地减小，其中通过将第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X和第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y热压在一起来形成整合的层叠结构来制备芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40，其中，所述第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X包括高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和浸渍到其中的树脂，而所述第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y包括高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B和浸渍到其中的树脂。
有益效果
根据本发明，防水性能优良，可以显著地提高打湿状态下的防弹性能，特别地，当防弹衣中插入芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40时，可以大幅减小防弹性能测试后的防弹衣背面变形。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本发明的防弹织物的截面图；以及
图2是示出芳香族聚酰胺复合垫插入防弹衣的口袋中的截面图。
附图标记说明
10：芳香族聚酰胺织物，20：主防水涂层
30：次防水涂层，40：芳香族聚酰胺复合垫
A：高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物，B：高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物
C：树脂，X：第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层
Y：第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层
具体实施方式
以下，将结合附图对本发明进行更为详细的介绍。
如图1所示，根据本发明的防弹织物具有两个防水层的结构，即主防水涂层20和次防水涂层30依次形成于芳香族聚酰胺织物10上。
换句话说，本发明的防弹织物可以包括：芳香族聚酰胺织物10，包括全芳香族聚酰胺复丝形成的经线和纬线；形成于芳香族聚酰胺织物10上的主防水涂层20；以及形成于主防水涂层20上的次防水涂层30。
图1是示出根据本发明的防弹织物的截面图。
主防水涂层20是包括防水剂(优选地，包括碳氟化合物)的树脂层，并且使用涂布液，通过诸如浸涂、喷涂或罗拉刮刀涂布或类似工艺中的任意一种工艺将涂布液涂布到芳香族聚酰胺织物10上来形成。该涂布溶液是通过以2重量％到35重量％的量向树脂溶液中添加诸如碳氟化合物的防水剂并使其分散到树脂溶液中来制备。其中，通过将诸如丙烯酸酯的树脂溶解到溶剂中来制备树脂溶液。
主防水涂层20中含有的防水剂可以包括多种防水剂，但是碳氟化合物防水剂是较优的选择，因为它能提高防水性能并且在打湿状态下也能保持这种性能。
次防水涂层30是聚氨酯树脂层，包括不规则形成于其中的微孔。次防水涂层30是通过浸涂、喷涂或罗拉刮刀涂布工艺将聚氨酯树脂溶液涂布到主防水涂层20上来形成的，其中，通过将聚氨酯树脂溶解到例如二甲基甲酰胺的溶剂中来制备聚氨酯树脂溶液。
由于次防水涂层30包括不规则设置于涂层中的超微细孔，具有比小水滴更小的尺寸，可以防止小水滴渗透进防弹织物10中，因此，即使在打湿状态下，也可以同时获得防水性和憎水性。
根据本发明的防弹衣可以使用本发明的防弹织物来构造，更特别地，构造成通过堆叠10到50层防弹织物而得到的层叠结构。该防弹织物具有这样的结构：主防水涂层20和次防水涂层30顺次设置在芳香族聚酰胺织物10上。
本发明的防弹织物具有这样的结构：主防水涂层20和次防水涂层30顺次形成在防弹织物10上，因此实现了显著提高防水性能。因此，使用上述防弹织物制造的防弹衣可以表现出在打湿状态下显著提高防弹性能。
如图2所示，防弹衣可以具有这样的结构：包括插入到其中的芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40，使得优选地将防弹夹克的背面变形减小到根据NIJ标准的防弹性能测试中的44mm水平以下。
图2是示出上述芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40的截面图。
芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40可以具有这样的结构：第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X与第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y被热压在一起来形成整合的层叠物，其中，第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X包括高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和浸渍到其中的树脂C，而第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y包括高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B和浸渍到其中的树脂C，并且高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A包括其经线和纬线中的总体纤度处于500至1000旦尼尔范围内的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝，而高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B包括其经线和纬线中的总体纤度处于840至3000旦尼尔范围内的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝。因此，优选地减小防弹夹克在防弹测试中的背面变形。
芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40可以具有高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B的复合结构，其中，高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A包括其经线和纬线中的总体纤度处于500至1000旦尼尔范围内的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝，而高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B包括其经线和纬线中的总体纤度处于840至3000旦尼尔范围内的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝。
可以根据芳香族聚酰胺复合垫的使用来合理地选择本文所用的树脂C，例如，聚氯乙烯树脂或酚树脂。根据本发明，树脂C不特别地受此限制。
高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B两者都可以通过防水工艺来处理，并且，通过ISO4920:1981方法测量，可以具有处于90到100的范围内的初始防水性。此外，经过300次摩擦后，这些织物优选地具有处于80到100的范围内的防水性。
在根据本发明的芳香族聚酰胺复合垫的制造方法的一个实施例中，可以首先将高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B均浸入到防水剂溶液中，然后用碾轧机压平、干燥和/或加热，从而完成防水处理。
在这种情况下，此处使用的防水剂组合物可以是包括羟基全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物(hydroxylated perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate copolymer)的水溶性溶液。
防水剂组合物的一个具体例子可以是如下防水剂，其为如下组合物的1重量％到5重量％的水溶性溶液，该组合物包括5重量％到35重量％的羟基全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物、10重量％到15重量％的二丙二醇和50重量％至65重量％的水，并且，还包含了相对于100重量份的水溶性溶液的0.1重量份到1重量份的硅油和0.5重量份到10重量份的异丙醇。
接下来，通过将经过上述防水处理的高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B分别地浸入到树脂C溶液中以分别形成高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A预浸层(以下称为“第一预浸层”)和高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B预浸层(以下称为“第二预浸层”)。
然后，将第一芳香族聚酰胺预浸层X和第二芳香族聚酰胺预浸层Y堆叠成多个层，然后对层叠物中的这两种层进行热压以形成芳香族聚酰胺复合垫。
或者，在经过防水处理的高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A与高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B之间放入树脂膜之后，可以对上述层叠物进行热压以形成芳香族聚酰胺复合垫。在这种情况下，树脂膜被熔化，并且部分地浸渍到高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B中，同时在交界处将它们部分地焊接，以将其整合。
将芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40插入到设置在防弹衣的一部分处的口袋中的防弹衣可以在按照NIJ标准的防弹性能测试中表现出出色的小于40mm的背面变形。
以下，通过下述实例和比较例将会更具体地理解本发明。
然而，提供这些例子是为了更详细地解释本发明，而不是限制本发明的范围。
实例1
通过浸渍模式，将含有5重量％的碳氟化合物的聚丙烯酸酯树脂溶液涂覆于芳香族聚酰胺织物10的一个面，该芳香族聚酰胺织物10中的经线和纬线中包括全芳香族聚酰胺复丝，其纤度为840旦尼尔/840单根丝，以用于制备厚度为1.2μm的主防水涂层20。
然后，通过浸渍将聚氨酯溶液涂覆于主防水涂层20上来制备厚度为50μm的次防水涂层30，以用于制备防弹织物。
然后，堆叠32层制备好的防弹织物并用其制造防弹衣。
对以上制备好的防弹衣的物理特性进行评价，评价结果如表1所示。
实例2
首先，制备含有组合物的2.5重量％的水溶性溶液，该组合物包含30重量％的羟基全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物、15重量％的二丙二醇和55重量％的水。在向100重量份的上述水溶性溶液中加入0.3重量份硅油和5重量份异丙醇之后，将混合物充分搅拌来制备防水剂组合物。高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A包括总体纤度为840旦尼尔的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝，每一根全芳香族聚酰胺复丝包括840根全芳香族聚酰胺单根丝，每一根全芳香族聚酰胺单根丝具有1.0旦尼尔的经线和纬线的纤度。将高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A浸没到上述防水剂组合物中，然后用碾轧机将其压平并干燥，以形成经过防水处理而具有防水特性的高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A。
下一步，通过将具有防水特性的高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A浸没到苯酚溶液中，就制备出浸有苯酚树脂的高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A，即，第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X。
同时，再次制备组合物的2.5重量％的水溶性溶液，该组合物包含30重量％的羟基全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物、15重量％的二丙二醇和55重量％的水。在100重量份的上述水溶性溶液中加入0.3重量份的硅油和5重量份的异丙醇之后，将混合物充分搅拌来制备防水剂组合物。高弹性芳香族聚酰胺织物B包括总体纤度为1500旦尼尔的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝，每一根全芳香族聚酰胺复丝包括1000根全芳香族聚酰胺单根丝，每一根全芳香族聚酰胺单根丝具有1.5旦尼尔的经线和纬线的纤度。将高弹性芳香族聚酰胺织物B浸没到上述防水剂组合物中，然后用碾轧机将其压平并干燥，以形成具有防水特性的高弹性芳香族聚酰胺织物B。
接下来，通过将具有防水特性的高弹性芳香族聚酰胺织物B浸没到苯酚溶液中，就制备出浸有苯酚树脂的高弹性芳香族聚酰胺织物B，即，第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y。
随后，将三(3)层第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X和三(3)层第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y层叠在一起，然后将其热压紧以形成芳香族聚酰胺复合垫。
然后，在根据实例1中描述的方法制造的防弹衣的一部分处形成口袋之后，将按上述方法形成的芳香族聚酰胺复合垫插入到该口袋中。
对以上制备好的防弹衣的物理特性进行评价，评价结果如表1所示。
比较例1
首先，制备组合物的2.5重量％的水溶性溶液，该组合物包含30重量％的羟基全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯共聚物、15重量％的二丙二醇和55重量％的水。在100重量份的上述水溶性溶液中加入0.3重量份硅油和5重量份异丙醇之后，将混合物充分搅拌来制备防水剂组合物。然后，将使用表面活性剂精制的全芳香族聚酰胺织物浸没到上述防水剂组合物中，以将防水水剂组合物浸渍到全芳香族聚酰胺织物中。
本实例中使用的全芳香族聚酰胺织物是使用平纹方式织成。使用全芳香族聚酰胺复丝作为经线和纬线，经线和纬线的密度均为10根线/cm，每根经线和纬线均包括1000根纤度为1.0的全芳香族聚酰胺单根丝。
然后，用碾轧机脱除浸渍在全芳香族聚酰胺织物中的防水剂组合物的一部分，更具体地，脱除率为60％。然后，在拉幅机上以150℃对处理过的织物进行干燥1分钟，从而制备出防弹织物。
随后，堆叠40层所制备的防弹织物来制造防弹衣。
对以上制备好的防弹衣的物理特性进行评价，评价结果如表1所示。
表1
[表1]
防弹衣的物理性能
关于表1中所述的物理特性评价，根据下述步骤进行防弹性能测试。
防弹性能测量
在将制备的每一份芳香族聚酰胺复合材料浸没到水中30分钟后，将芳香族聚酰胺复合材料取出来之后立即测试防弹性能，按照美国司法研究所(NIJ)的3A级标准，使用44马格南(44magum(mag))进行测试。同时，以44mag的子弹速度即436米/秒为基准，在一系列可接受的标准范围内测量了V0，评估了防弹性能。
工业实用性
根据本发明，防水性能出色，显著提高了防弹衣在打湿状态下的性能，特别地，在芳香族聚酰胺复合垫40插入到设置在防弹衣上的口袋中的情况下，防弹衣在防弹性能测试后的背面变形大幅减小，因此，本发明可以有效地用于制造防弹衣。

Claims (6)

1.一种防弹织物，包括：
芳香族聚酰胺织物(10)，其包括作为经线和纬线的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝；
形成于所述芳香族聚酰胺织物(10)上的主防水涂层(20)；以及
形成于所述主防水涂层(20)上的次防水涂层(30)，
其中，所述主防水涂层(20)为包括碳氟化合物的树脂层，
所述次防水涂层(30)为聚氨酯树脂层，所述次防水涂层(30)包括形成于其中的微孔。
2.一种防弹衣，通过层叠10到50层防弹织物来制造，其中，所述织物包括：
芳香族聚酰胺织物(10)，其包括作为经线和纬线的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝；
形成于所述芳香族聚酰胺织物(10)上的主防水涂层(20)；以及
形成于所述主防水涂层(20)上的次防水涂层(30)，
其中，所述主防水涂层(20)为包括碳氟化合物的树脂层，
所述次防水涂层(30)为聚氨酯树脂层，所述次防水涂层(30)包括形成于其中的微孔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防弹衣，其中，处于打湿状态下的防弹性能满足美国国家司法研究所(NIJ)3A的V0标准。
4.根据权利要求2所述的防弹衣，其中，芳香族聚酰胺复合垫(40)插入在所述防弹衣的一部分处设置的口袋中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防弹衣，其中，所述芳香族聚酰胺复合垫(40)具有如下结构：第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X和第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y被热压在一起来形成整合的层叠物，其中，所述第一芳香族聚酰胺预渍层X包括高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A和浸渍在所述高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A中的树脂C，而所述第二芳香族聚酰胺预渍层Y包括高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B和浸渍在所述高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B中的树脂C，并且所述高强度芳香族聚酰胺织物A包括经线和纬线的总体纤度处于500至1000旦尼尔范围内的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝，而所述高弹力芳香族聚酰胺织物B包括经线和纬线的总体纤度处于840至3000旦尼尔范围内的全芳香族聚酰胺复丝。
6.根据权利要求4所述的防弹衣，其中，所述防弹衣在根据NIJ标准的防弹性能测试中的背面变形在40mm内。
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