CN104023869A - 用于接合工件层的方法以及连接元件和接合装置 - Google Patents

用于接合工件层的方法以及连接元件和接合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104023869A
CN104023869A CN201380004562.7A CN201380004562A CN104023869A CN 104023869 A CN104023869 A CN 104023869A CN 201380004562 A CN201380004562 A CN 201380004562A CN 104023869 A CN104023869 A CN 104023869A
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China
Prior art keywords
connection element
workpiece
workpiece layer
coating
cut surface
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CN201380004562.7A
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CN104023869B (zh
Inventor
A·丹海西希
J·加兰
B·格罗斯
A·克韦尔
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Johnson Controls GmbH
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Johnson Controls GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/04—Riveting hollow rivets mechanically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/08—Riveting by applying heat, e.g. to the end parts of the rivets to enable heads to be formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/38—Accessories for use in connection with riveting, e.g. pliers for upsetting; Hand tools for riveting
    • B21J15/48—Devices for caulking rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/32—Induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
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    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/086—Self-piercing rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91431—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being kept constant over time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956—Riveting
    • Y10T29/49957—At least one part nonmetallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53709—Overedge assembling means
    • Y10T29/5377—Riveter

Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过引入具有在外部施加到连接元件(10)的涂层(15)的连接元件(10)接合至少两个工件层(1、2)的方法，其中，连接元件(10)借助于冲头(26)被导引、尤其被冲压穿过形成切割面(1)的第一工件层(1)，并至少部分地穿透到第二工件层中且借助于印模板(21)被变形，以使得所述连接元件以形状配合的方式将至少两个工件层(1、2)连接在一起。连接元件(10)被加热以使得从外部施加到连接元件(10)的涂层(15)熔化且湿化、尤其是完全封闭第一工件层(1)中的切割面；在冷却过程之后，重新固化的涂层(15)粘附到第一工件层(1)的切割面。

Description

用于接合工件层的方法以及连接元件和接合装置
技术领域
本发明涉及通过引入连接元件来接合至少两个工件层的方法，所述连接元件具有被施加到该连接元件的外侧的涂层，其中，连接元件借助于接合装置在接合点处引入并使至少两个工件层互连，是在于借助于冲头，从第一工件层的方向上并在冲压力的作用下并同时在第一工件层(1)中形成切割面或者从第一工件层(1)的切割面旁经过的连接元件被导引穿过、特别地被冲压穿过至少第一工件层，以及至少部分地穿透第二工件层，且借助于在第二工件层上承载的印模板，所述连接元件在施加到连接元件上的冲压力的作用下变形，以使得所述连接元件以形状配合的方式使所述至少两个工件层互连。
本发明还涉及一种连接元件和接合装置。
背景技术
冲压铆合的方法例如通常已知于使至少两个工件层接合的情况中。该方法用作工件层的不能释放的力配合和形状配合接合，其利用特殊的冲压铆钉作为连接元件，利用所述连接元件，工件层在不用预钻孔的情况下，以联合的冲压和变形操作被冲压穿过和接合。此处，冲压铆钉用作一次性的切割冲头且本身在该情形中也变形。工件层最初借助于压紧装置在印模板上定位。随后，冲压铆钉经由冲头由力冲击并被压入接合部件。取决于铆合的方法，在该过程中，铆钉杆至少切割穿过最上面的工件层，且随后在印模板中扩散。当利用空心铆钉时，这种情况发生，特别地，不用完全刺穿最下面的工件层。在纤维加强材料、例如诸如玻璃纤维加强塑料或碳纤维加强塑料的冲压铆合情形中，纤维由冲压铆钉切割穿过，且纤维和基体材料的脱层可出现在切割面的周边区域。这可导致工件中的断裂和完全失败的连接碎片。
专利公开文献DE 10 2005 031 917 A1公开了一种用于使至少两个由类似材料或不同材料制成的片状工件接合的通用类型的接合方法，在该方法中，冲压铆合连接与粘合连接相结合。在实际的接合操作之前，另外粘附地将工件层彼此粘接的粘合剂被引入到工件层之间的接合区域。在实际的冲压铆合过程中，粘合剂从接合区域径向向外流动，但是不会到达切割面以及不会作用为防止脱层。
专利公开文献US 2010/0088880 A1公开了一种连接元件，所述连接元件在铆钉杆内具有粘合剂，所述粘合剂仅仅在接合过程开始后、具体地在冲压操作期间压入穿过铆钉杆的通道到达铆钉杆的外表面。在开始接合方法之前，连接元件未在外部被涂覆。
发明内容
目的
本发明基于改进在开端提及的类型的接合方法的目的，特别地着眼于在很大程度上或完全地避免纤维加强的工件层的切割面的区域中的脱层。而且，提供一种用于实施根据本发明的方法的连接元件和接合装置。
解决方案
根据本发明，该目的利用具有权利要求1中所述的方法步骤的方法、以及根据权利要求12的连接元件、和根据权利要求13的接合装置实现。可被单独地或彼此结合使用的有利实施例为从属权利要求的主题。
由于连接元件被加热到这样的程度，即使得连接元件的涂层熔化且湿化、尤其完全地密封第一工件层中的切割面，且由于重新固化的涂层在冷却过程之后粘附到第一工件层的切割面，所以尤其地切割面由涂层完全密封，并由此在工件层由纤维加强塑料制成的情形中防止了脱层。
工件层中的一个或多个可被预冲压，以使得已由预冲压形成的切割面由涂层覆盖。然而，切割面也可在根据本发明的方法期间由连接元件本身产生。穿通冲压式(through-punching)连接元件尤其适用于该目的。
穿通冲压式连接元件意欲被理解成在接合操作期间可冲压穿通一个或多个工件层的连接元件，例如冲压铆钉。然而，穿通冲压式连接元件也可被导引穿过预冲孔，所述预冲孔预先已被引入到没有任何问题的一个或多个工件层中，以使得连接元件本身不在工件层中冲压出孔，而是实质上仅仅用于工件层的连接。有利地，在开始该方法之前，至少两个工件层中的至少一个、尤其第一工件层在接合区域中为未预冲压的连续封闭表面。通过这种方式，处理中的投入被降低。
冲压铆钉、特别地为半中空的冲压铆钉，尤其适于用作穿通冲压式连接元件。最下面的工件层(因此为两个工件层情形中的第二工件层)优选不被或不完全被冲压铆钉冲压穿过，以使得形成紧密接合。因此，通用术语“穿通冲压式连接元件”也意欲包括已知的连接元件，所述连接元件不完全冲压穿过所有的工件层，而是一个工件层、尤其是两个工件层中的第二个，不被冲压穿过或仅仅部分地被冲压穿过。该方法在实心冲压铆钉被使用时、特别地在所有的工件层被完全冲压穿过的情形中也是有利的。
通过具有通孔或螺纹孔的连接元件，进一步的功能可在所述接合中集成或与所述接合关联。
该方法尤其对产生复合材料有利，在该复合材料中，第一工件层由纤维强化的塑料构成，且第二工件层由金属材料、尤其由铁合金、铝合金或镁合金构成。
连接元件的涂层优选具有粘合剂或塑料、尤其聚合材料。对于冲压铆钉而言，它们的铆钉杆被涂覆是足够的。
取决于要被接合的工件层的几何形状和材料，在上游方法步骤中，可为有利的是预加热一个或全部工件层或者冲压铆钉或者接合装置。
如下的接合装置是适合的，所述接合装置包括作为工具元件的印模板、压紧装置和冲头，其中的至少一个工具元件是可加热的。优选地，冲头是可加热的。
通过过高的温度对工件层的热损害被避免，在于接合装置包括温度控制装置，借助于所述温度控制装置，工具元件、尤其冲头的温度可被调节和维持在恒定的水平。
附图说明
下面，借助于附图中所阐释的有利的示例性实施例，本发明被更详细的阐明。然而，本发明不局限于该示例性实施例。在附图中：
图1示出了在冲压铆钉被引入之前，定位在压紧装置与印模板之间的两个工件层，
图2示出了紧接在冲压铆钉已被引入到接合点之后的接合，
图3示出了随后的冲压铆钉的加热和铆钉涂层的熔化，
图4示出了随着涂层粘附到切割面的接合点的随后的冷却，以及
图5示出了紧接在从接合装置移除之前的完全的接合。
具体实施方式
图1示出了第一工件层1和要与该第一工件层接合的第二材料层2，这两层都已被引入到并定位在接合装置中。本身已知的接合装置包括印模板21、压紧装置24和冲头26。
第一工件层1由纤维加强材料构成，在所述纤维加强材料的基体1a中，大量纤维1b被引入以用于加强基体材料1a。所提出的纤维加强材料为具有定向的长纤维的玻璃纤维加强的塑料或碳纤维加强的塑料。然而，原则上，所有已知的纤维加强材料都可能被用于第一工件层1。目前的第二材料层2由金属材料、尤其由铁合金、铝合金或镁合金构成。然而，原则上，其他已知的非纤维加强或纤维加强材料也可以被用于第二工件层2。
第二材料层2承载在印模板21上。第一材料层1以二维的方式承载在第二材料层2上。借助于压紧装置24，两个材料层1、2在接合装置中相对于彼此固定。
形式为冲压铆钉10的连接元件在接合装置中定位在接合点之上。冲压铆钉10以半中空冲压铆钉的方式实施，但在修改的实施例中，也可为实心的铆钉。冲压铆钉1包括铆钉头11和铆钉杆12。铆钉杆12设有涂层15，所述涂层优选由聚合物构成，该聚合物作为粘合剂或塑料被施加到铆钉杆12。
在图2中，阐释了紧接在联合的冲压和变形操作之后的接合，其中，借助于冲头26由力撞击的冲压铆钉10，被冲压穿过第一工件层1并被引入到第二工件层2。冲压铆钉10此处用作一次性的切割冲头，且在该情形中本身也变形，这是因为该冲压铆钉通过由印模板21施加的反作用力在印模板21中的模子上扩散。在目前的情形中，在尤其在没有完全刺穿第二工件层2的情况下发生。由于穿通冲压，环绕的、圆筒形的切割面被形成在第一工件层1中。在切割面的区域中，基体1a的基体材料和纤维1b已被切割穿过。在切割面的周边区域中，纤维1b的纤维端部暴露且不被基体1a的基体材料覆盖和保护。由此，纤维1b和基体材料1a的脱层出现在切割面中。
在示例性实施例的变体中，在开始根据本发明的方法之前第一工件层1已被预冲压，以使得第一工件层中的切割面不会或仅仅部分地由冲压铆钉10产生。
在图3中示出的下一个方法步骤中，接合点由冲头26加热，这是因为，冲头26为可加热的并尤其由电力或电感应加热。在可替换的接合装置中，印模板21和/或压紧装置24也可为可加热的。由于所引入的热量，冲压铆钉10的铆钉杆12的涂层15熔化并湿化第一工件层1的切割面，尤其使得涂层完全密封切割面。
在图4中示出的随后的步骤中，接合点由于到冲头26的热量供应被切断而冷却，且特别地，主动冷却另外发生。为此目的，冲头26已远离接合点。现在涂层15在第一工件层1的切割面上固化并因此覆盖纤维1b的纤维端部，由此所述纤维端部被保护防止脱层。
在最后的方法步骤中，接合在一起的工件层1和2被从接合装置中移除(图5)。
无论是单独地还是联合地，前述提及的说明、权利要求和附图中所公开的特征对于本发明在其各种实施例中实施是重要的。
参考标记列表
1   第一工件层
1a  基体
1b  纤维
2   第二工件层
10  连接元件，冲压铆钉
11  铆钉头
12  铆钉杆
15  涂层
21  印模板
24  压紧装置
26  冲头

Claims (15)

1.一种通过引入连接元件(10)接合至少两个工件层(1、2)的方法，所述连接元件具有施加到该连接元件(10)的外侧的涂层(15)，其中，连接元件(10)借助于接合装置(21、24、26)在接合点处被引入到工件层(1、2)中并使所述至少两个工件层(1、2)互连，在于，
a.借助于冲头(26)，从第一工件层(1)的方向并在冲压力的作用下的、且同时形成第一工件层(1)中的切割面的或者从第一工件层的切割面旁经过的连接元件(10)被导引穿过、特别地被冲压穿过至少第一工件层(1)，并至少部分地穿透第二工件层，以及
b.借助于在第二工件层(2)上承载的印模板(21)，连接元件(10)在施加到连接元件(10)的冲压力的作用下变形，以使得所述连接元件(10)以形状配合的方式使所述至少两个工件层(1、2)互连，
其特征在于，
c.连接元件(10)在该过程期间被加热到这样的程度，使得已被施加到连接元件(10)的外侧的涂层(15)熔化且湿化第一工件层(1)中的切割面，以及
d.重新固化的涂层(15)在冷却过程之后粘附到第一工件层(1)的切割面。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法，其特征在于，连接元件(10)被加热到这样的程度，使得涂层(15)熔化和完全密封第一工件层(1)中的切割面。
3.如权利要求1或2中所述的方法，其特征在于，在开始该方法之前，至少两个工件层(1、2)中的至少一个在接合点的区域中具有未预冲压的连续封闭的表面。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，连接元件(10)为穿通冲压式连接元件。
5.如权利要求4中所述的方法，其特征在于，所述穿通冲压式连接元件(10)为冲压铆钉。
6.如权利要求5中所述的方法，其特征在于，所述穿通冲压式连接元件(10)为半中空的冲压铆钉或实心的冲压铆钉。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，连接元件(10)具有通孔或螺纹孔。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少两个工件层(1、2)中的至少一个由纤维加强塑料构成。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少两个工件层(1、2)中的至少一个由金属材料、尤其由铁合金、铝合金或镁合金构成。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，涂层(15)包括粘合剂或塑料，尤其是包括聚合物材料。
11.如权利要求10中所述的方法，其特征在于，涂层(15)由热塑性塑料构成。
12.一种连接元件(10)，其具有在如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法中使用的涂层(15)。
13.一种用于在如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法中使用的接合装置(21、24、26)，其特征在于，所述接合装置包括作为工具元件的印模板(21)、压紧装置(24)和冲头(26)，其中至少一个工具元件(21、24、26)为能加热的。
14.如权利要求13中所述的接合装置(21、24、26)，其特征在于，冲头(26)为能加热的。
15.如权利要求13或14中所述的接合装置(21、24、26)，其特征在于，所述接合装置(21、24、26)包括温度控制装置，借助于所述温度控制装置，工具元件(21、24、26)的温度能被调节并被维持在恒定的水平。
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