CN104017155A - 一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104017155A
CN104017155A CN201410194003.3A CN201410194003A CN104017155A CN 104017155 A CN104017155 A CN 104017155A CN 201410194003 A CN201410194003 A CN 201410194003A CN 104017155 A CN104017155 A CN 104017155A
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施兆武
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，所述保温材料包括如下重量份组分：陶粒、蛭石、阻燃剂、发泡剂、硅酸铝纤维、防老剂、紫外线吸收剂；多异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、催化剂、交联剂；所述制备方法包括如下步骤：（1）原料预处理；（2）原料混合；（3）热压成型；（4）后处理。本发明一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，操作简单方便，通过原料的选择及工艺设计，所制备的泡沫保温材料具有质量轻、强度高、耐燃和耐候等优良特性，与现有技术相比，本发明是一种综合性能优异的建筑保温材料，可有效减少建筑物内能量的散失，且成本低廉、耐用性好，市场前景广阔。

Description

一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域，特别是涉及一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法。
背景技术
建筑保温材料可减少房屋内20～30%的热量或冷气通过墙壁散失到室外环境中，从而避免了大量的能源浪费，有效节约了资源。目前，随着能源节约和建筑节能的迫切需要，对建筑保温材料提出了更高的要求。现有的建筑保温体系以聚苯颗粒保温砂浆、聚乙烯板、挤塑板和聚氨酯等为主，存在如下缺点：聚苯颗粒保温砂浆的保温效果差；聚乙烯板和挤塑板的耐燃性差，遇火易产生熔滴，造成二次燃烧，且板材的强度较低，耐用性差；聚氨酯泡沫板的保温隔热性良好，质量轻，吸水率低，但其也具有强度差和不耐燃等缺点，不能达到墙体保温材料对耐燃安全级别的要求。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料方法，能够解决现有保温材料存在的上述问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，所述保温材料包括如下重量份组分：陶粒30～40份、蛭石15～20份、阻燃剂20～30份、发泡剂10～15份、硅酸铝纤维10～20份、防老剂1～2份、紫外线吸收剂3～5份；多异氰酸酯45～50份、聚醚多元醇35～44份、催化剂1～2份、交联剂5～8份；
所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将陶粒和蛭石置于清水中翻搅清洗3～5次，捞出沥水，然后100～120℃的干燥箱内干燥至恒重，冷却至室温备用； 
（2）按配方将多异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇和催化剂置于电动搅拌釜内，搅拌混合均匀，然后向其中加入防老剂、紫外线吸收剂、阻燃剂、硅酸铝纤维、陶粒和蛭石，继续搅拌10～20min，得到混合物溶液，最后加入发泡剂、交联剂和适量水，搅拌30～60s，并调节混合物料至所需粘度；
（3）将步骤（2）中制得的混合溶液注入模具内，抹平表面，盖上模具盖，然后将所述模具置入平板硫化机内热压成型；
（4）将步骤（3）中热压后的物料取出并置于70～80℃的恒温箱内处理1～2天，得到所述复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述步骤（2）中，所述搅拌速度为800～1000r/min。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述步骤（2）中，所述混合物的粘度为40～60Pa·s。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述步骤（3）中，所述热压成型的条件为：温度150～180℃，时间10～30min、压力0.5～2MPa。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，操作简单方便，通过原料的选择及工艺设计，所制备的泡沫保温材料具有质量轻、强度高、耐燃和耐候等优良特性，与现有技术相比，本发明是一种综合性能优异的建筑保温材料，可有效减少建筑物内能量的散失，且成本低廉、耐用性好，市场前景广阔。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
本发明实施例包括：
实施例1
（1）将蛭石和粒径为50～500μm的碎石状陶粒置于清水中翻搅清洗3～5次，捞出沥水，然后100～120℃的干燥箱内干燥至恒重，冷却至室温备用； 
（2）准确称取45g多异氰酸酯、35g聚醚多元醇和1辛酸亚锡催化剂置于电动搅拌釜内，以800r/min的搅拌速度搅拌混合均匀，然后向其中加入1g防老剂、3g紫外线吸收剂、30g十溴二苯乙烷阻燃剂、20g直径为30～80μm的硅酸铝纤维、30g陶粒和15g蛭石，以相同的转速继续搅拌10～20min，得到混合物溶液，最后加入10g改性偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂、5g交联剂和适量水，搅拌30～60s，并调节混合物料的粘度为60Pa·s；
（3）将步骤（2）中制得的混合溶液注入规格为20mm×20mm×30mm的模具内，抹平表面，盖上模具盖，然后将所述模具置入平板硫化机内，在温度为180℃，时间为10min、压力为2MPa的条件下热压成型；
（4）将步骤（3）中热压后的物料取出并置于70～80℃的恒温箱内处理1～2天，得到所述复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料。
上述方法制备的复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料，其密度为81kg/m3，氧指数为23.3%，压缩强度为308Kpa，导热率为0.0176W·m-1·k-1。
实施例2
（1）将蛭石和粒径为50～500μm的碎石状陶粒置于清水中翻搅清洗3～5次，捞出沥水，然后100～120℃的干燥箱内干燥至恒重，冷却至室温备用； 
（2）准确称取50g多异氰酸酯、44g聚醚多元醇和2辛酸亚锡催化剂置于电动搅拌釜内，以1000r/min的搅拌速度搅拌混合均匀，然后向其中加入2g防老剂、5g紫外线吸收剂、30g微胶囊红磷阻燃剂、20g直径为30～80μm的硅酸铝纤维、40g陶粒和20g蛭石，以相同的转速继续搅拌10～20min，得到混合物溶液，最后加入15g微球发泡剂、8g交联剂和适量水，搅拌30～60s，并调节混合物料的粘度为40Pa·s；
（3）将步骤（2）中制得的混合溶液注入规格为20mm×20mm×30mm的模具内，抹平表面，盖上模具盖，然后将所述模具置入平板硫化机内，在温度为150℃，时间为30min、压力为0.5MPa的条件下热压成型；
（4）将步骤（3）中热压后的物料取出并置于70～80℃的恒温箱内处理1～2天，得到所述复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料。
上述方法制备的复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料，其密度为75kg/m3，氧指数为21.3%，压缩强度为288Kpa，导热率为0.0156W·m-1·k-1。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保温材料包括如下重量份组分：陶粒30～40份、蛭石15～20份、阻燃剂20～30份、发泡剂10～15份、硅酸铝纤维10～20份、防老剂1～2份、紫外线吸收剂3～5份；多异氰酸酯45～50份、聚醚多元醇35～44份、催化剂1～2份、交联剂5～8份；
所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将陶粒和蛭石置于清水中翻搅清洗3～5次，捞出沥水，然后100～120℃的干燥箱内干燥至恒重，冷却至室温备用； 
（2）按配方将多异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇和催化剂置于电动搅拌釜内，搅拌混合均匀，然后向其中加入防老剂、紫外线吸收剂、阻燃剂、硅酸铝纤维、陶粒和蛭石，继续搅拌10～20min，得到混合物溶液，最后加入发泡剂、交联剂和适量水，搅拌30～60s，并调节混合物料至所需粘度；
（3）将步骤（2）中制得的混合溶液注入模具内，抹平表面，盖上模具盖，然后将所述模具置入平板硫化机内热压成型；
（4）将步骤（3）中热压后的物料取出并置于70～80℃的恒温箱内处理1～2天，得到所述复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中，所述搅拌速度为800～1000r/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中，所述混合物的粘度为40～60Pa·s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合型质轻高强阻燃耐候性泡沫保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（3）中，所述热压成型的条件为：温度150～180℃，时间10～30min、压力0.5～2MPa。 
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