CN104016973B - 一种制备二芳香环取代烯烃的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备二芳香环取代烯烃的方法 Download PDF

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CN104016973B
CN104016973B CN201410231042.6A CN201410231042A CN104016973B CN 104016973 B CN104016973 B CN 104016973B CN 201410231042 A CN201410231042 A CN 201410231042A CN 104016973 B CN104016973 B CN 104016973B
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应安国
杨健国
倪宇翔
胡华南
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Liaoning Haowei Technology Co., Ltd
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Taizhou University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高效、环境友好的催化剂，以水为反应介质和室温反应条件实现芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛的Knoevenagel缩合，生成二芳香环取代烯烃的方法。所述方法包括以超顺磁纳米颗粒负载、“离子气氛”修饰的正丙胺为催化剂，室温、常压、以水为反应介质条件下芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛进行Knoevenagel缩合反应，得到相应的二芳香环取代烯烃衍生物，负载催化剂重复使用8次，未发现反应收率明显下降。该法操作简单、收率高、催化剂回收简单、催化反应体系可重复使用性好、反应条件温和，具有良好的工业化前景。

Description

一种制备二芳香环取代烯烃的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效、绿色的、以水做溶剂条件下，以新型超顺磁纳米负载、离子液体修饰的正丙胺为催化剂的Knoevenagel缩合制备二芳香环取代烯烃的方法。
技术背景
活性亚甲基化合物与芳香醛的Knoevenagel缩合反应成为有机合成领域碳碳形成的重要反应之一。缩合产物为夺取代烯烃，可作为有机合成中Michael反应、“一锅煮”反应和连续反应等的前体原料，同时也是制备功能聚合物、精细化学品和化学原料药的重要中间体。一般情况下，Knoevenagel缩合反应采用有机碱或其相应的盐作为催化剂，但是催化剂的回收和套用限制了大规模推广和使用。近年来，涌现了很多催化剂，如：MgO/ZnO,amine-functionalizedpolyacrylonitrile fiber,La2O3/MgO,Ni-SiO2,Si-MCM-41supported basicmaterials和IRMOF-3等，虽然这些方法都取得了一定的成功，但是，它们其中存在一些缺陷，如：反应收率偏低、需要大量的催化剂、底物适用范围窄、反应条件苛刻，以及一些有毒溶剂如二氯甲烷的使用。因此，开发高效、绿色的制备二芳香环取代烯烃的方法不仅具有重要的经济效益，还有良好的环境和社会效益。
超顺磁纳米颗粒具有大比表面积、良好分散性和超顺磁性等特点，因此广泛被用做有机反应催化剂载体。离子液体具有热力学稳定性、溶解能力强、低挥发性、分子结构可调性等特点，由于“离子空腔”的作用，离子液体具有良好的催化效果。以超顺磁纳米颗粒为负载，相比于传统催化剂，不仅尺寸处于纳米级，而且容易被外加磁场分离，更好的解决了催化剂的分离与回收。考虑到离子液体与超顺磁纳米颗粒的优点，有必要开发超顺磁纳米颗粒负载、离子液体的“离子气氛”修饰的催化剂，用于催化Knoevenagel缩合反应。
发明内容
本发明的目的是取代传统的催化Knoevenagel缩合芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛制备二芳香环取代烯烃的方法，提供一种高效、环境友好的催化剂，以水做溶剂温和(室温)反应条件下实现Knoevenagel缩合反应。
根据本发明，所述通过芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛的Knoevenagel缩合制备二芳香环取代烯烃的方法包括：以磁纳米颗粒负载、离子液体修饰的正丙胺为催化剂，室温、常压下，以水做溶剂，芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛进行Knoevenagel缩合反应1～10小时，得到相应的二芳香环取代烯烃；其中，所述催化剂为：
其中，所述芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛的摩尔比为1:1-1.2:1。
其中，所述负载胺催化剂的摩尔量(以胺计)为芳香醛物质的0.01-1.0倍。
其中，所述芳香取代活性亚甲基物质为2-氰甲基苯并咪唑、2-氰甲基苯并噻唑、苯乙腈、2-氯代苯乙腈、2-氰甲基吲哚。
其中，所述芳香醛为苯甲醛、3-氯苯甲醛、4-硝基苯甲醛、2-甲氧基苯甲醛、3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛，4-N,N-二甲基苯甲醛、4-三氟甲基苯甲醛、2-甲氧基苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛、4-甲基苯甲醛、4-羟基苯甲醛、9-蒽甲醛和2-噻吩醛。
其中，反应结束后，过滤反应液，所得固体用重结晶得到产品；催化剂可由外加磁场回收，乙酸乙酯和乙醇洗涤后，经过60℃真空干燥24小时重复多次使用，使用8次后未见其活性下降。
本发明提供的利用新型磁纳米颗粒负载、离子液体修饰的正丙胺催化Knoevenagel缩合芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛，生成二芳香环取代烯烃的方法，是通过以下途径来实现的：
本发明所使用的新型负载催化剂的制备过程：
将咪唑(6.8g,100mmol)、3-氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(24mL,100mmol)溶于干燥甲苯(100mL)，110℃回流搅拌24小时，60℃真空干燥5小时，得到淡黄色固体。制备的缩合物用1H NMR，13C NMR结构确认。所述缩合物为：
二氧化硅包合的四氧化三铁(SiO2@Fe3O4)根据文献J.Magn.Magn.Mater.2007,310,2408.报道的方法制备得到。得到的缩合物(0.5g)与1.0g二氧化硅包合的四氧化三铁(SiO2@Fe3O4)加入到20mL甲苯中，回流48小时，外加磁体吸附，乙酸乙酯洗涤，60℃真空干燥6小时，得到中间体，结构为
往中间体(10g)加入500mL干燥乙醇，超声1小时，往溶液中滴加3-溴丙胺(2.7g,20mmol)和200mL干燥乙醇的混合液，氮气保护下会后48小时。利用外加磁场吸住固体，用乙酸乙酯、无水乙醇洗涤，60℃真空干燥6小时，得到最终超顺磁纳米颗粒负载、离子液体修饰的正丙胺催化剂，负载量为0.34mmol/g(元素分析得出)，其结构为
Knoevenagel缩合制备二芳香(杂)环取代烯烃的过程为：
在装有机械搅拌装置的三口烧瓶中，依次加入芳香(杂)取代活性亚甲基物质、芳香醛氨类物质、催化剂和水。其中芳香(杂)取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛的摩尔比为1:1-1.2:1，负载催化剂与芳香醛的摩尔比为0.01:1-1:1，以水做溶剂室温常压反应1-10小时，薄层色谱(TLC)跟踪反应进度。反应结束后，过滤反应液，所得固体用重结晶得到产品；催化剂可由外加磁场回收，乙酸乙酯和乙醇洗涤后，经过60℃真空干燥24小时重复多次使用，使用8次后未见其活性下降。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，本发明的实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，并非限定本发明。
实施例1
将噻吩醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌2小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得固体用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率79％，含量98％。
2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.15-7.22(m,1H),7.30-7.37(m,2H),7.50-7.52(m,1H),7.66-7.70(m,2H),7.76-7.77(m,1H),7.87-7.89(m,1H),8.63(s,1H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ98.1,115.6,115.7,116.7,123.6,129.1,134.5,136.8,137.0,139.3,147.6
实施例2
将噻吩醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(5mmol)、0.147g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌5小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得固体用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率62％，含量97％。
实施例3
将噻吩醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(6mmol)、0.147g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌3小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得固体用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率76％，含量99％。
实施例4
将噻吩醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(5mmol)、14.7g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌2小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得固体用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率81％，含量98％。
实施例5
将苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌2小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得固体用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率83％，含量96％。
2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.31-7.34(m,2H),7.50-7.52(m,3H),7.65(s,2H),7.98-7.80(m,2H),8.51(s,1H)；13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ111.2,116.8,119.7,123.6,124.2,129.3,130.0,132.1,132.7,146.3,146.8
实施例6
将3-氯苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌1.5小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得固体用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率85％，含量98％。
实施例7
将3-甲氧基苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌2小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得粗品用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率84％，含量96％。
2-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.89(s,3H),7.07-7.09(m,1H),7.33-7.44(m,3H),7.55-7.59(m,2H),7.66(s,2H),8.53(s,1H)；13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ55.5,105.8,114.1,116.5,119.0,121.7,123.4,123.7,126.0,127.0,130.2,133.6,135.0,146.9,153.6,160.0,162.7
实施例8
将苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并噻唑(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌3小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得粗品用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率90％，含量98％。
2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.45(m,1H),7.52-7.54(m,4H),7.91(d,1H,J＝6.4Hz),8.03(m,2H),8.09(d,1H,J＝6.4Hz),8.26(s,1H)；13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ105.8,116.7,121.9,123.8,126.2,127.2,129.5,130.6,132.5,135.2,147.1,153.8,163.0
实施例9
将对甲氧基苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并噻唑(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌2小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得粗品用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率87％，含量97％。
2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.90(s,3H),7.01(d,2H,J＝6.4Hz),7.40-7.53(m,2H),7.89(d,1H,J＝6.4Hz),8.02-8.07(m,3H),8.18(s,1H)；13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ55.8,102.5,115.0,117.3,121.8,123.6,125.4,125.9,127.0,133.0,135.0,146.7,153.8,163.1,163.6
实施例10
将对三氟甲基苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并噻唑(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌1.5小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得粗品用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率84％，含量98％。
2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acrylonitrile:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.13(s,6H),6.74(d,2H,J＝8.8Hz),7.38-7.41(m,1H),7.49-7.53(m,1H),7.88(d,1H,J＝7.6Hz),7.99-8.05(m,3H),8.12(s,1H)；13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ40.0,97.7,111.7,118.2,120.2,121.5,122.9,125.1,126.6,133.1,134.6,147.0,152.9,153.8,164.7
实施例11
将苯甲醛(5mmol)、3-氯苯乙腈(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌5小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得粗品用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率83％，含量96％。
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.40(m,2H),7.48-7.50(m,3H),7.55-7.59(m,2H),7.67(s,1H),7.90-7.91(m,2H)；13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ110.5,117.8,124.5,126.2,129.3,129.5,129.7,130.5,131.2,133.5,135.4,136.5,143.6
实施例12
将苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基吲哚(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌5小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得粗品用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率86％，含量97％。
2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.28-7.33(m,2H),7.41-7.49(m,4H),7.60-7.63(m,2H),7.88(d,2H,J＝5.6Hz),8.00(d,1H,J＝6.0Hz),8.58(s,1H)；13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ106.5,112.4,113.1,118.9,120.0,121.5,123.6,124.4,125.8,128.9,129.1,129.8,134.9,137.3,138.2
实施例13
将对甲基苯甲醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基吲哚(5mmol)、0.735g催化剂、水(10mL)依次加入到50mL三口瓶中，室温搅拌5小时，TLC检测，原料基本消失，外加磁场吸住催化剂，倾倒出反应液，过滤，所得粗品用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率81％，含量96％。
2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-p-tolylacrylonitrile：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ2.42(s,3H),7.26-7.33(m,4H),7.45(d,1H,J＝6.4Hz),7.57-7.60(m,2H),7.79(d,2H,J＝6.4Hz),8.00(d,1H,J＝6.0Hz),8.46(s,1H)；13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ21.8,105.3,112.3,113.3,119.1,120.0,121.4,123.5,124.4,125.4,128.9,129.8,132.1,137.2,138.5,140.2
实施例14
将噻吩醛(5mmol)、2-氰甲基苯并咪唑(5mmol)实施例1中经外加磁体回收60℃真空干燥2小时后的催化剂，依次加入到50mL单口瓶中，室温搅拌2小时，TLC检测，原料消失，过滤，所得滤饼用乙醇重结晶得到产品，收率80％，含量98％。离子液体重复使用8次，未发现收率明显下降，具体见表1.NMR数据实施例1。
表1
需要说明的是，上述发明内容及具体实施方式意在证明本发明所提供技术方案的实际应用，不应解释为对本发明保护范围的限定。本领域技术人员在本发明的精神和原理内，当可作各种修改、等同替换、或改进。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求书为准。

Claims (8)

1.芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛进行Knoevenagel缩合制备二芳香环取代烯烃衍生物的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以超顺磁纳米颗粒负载、咪唑离子液体修饰的正丙胺为催化剂，室温、常压和以水为反应介质条件下芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛进行Knoevenagel缩合反应，得到相应的二芳香环取代烯烃；其中，所述催化剂为：
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述芳香取代活性亚甲基物质与芳香醛的摩尔比为1:1-1.2:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述负载胺催化剂的摩尔量为芳香醛物质的0.01-1.0倍。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述芳香取代活性亚甲基物质为2-氰甲基苯并咪唑、2-氰甲基苯并噻唑、苯乙腈、2-氯代苯乙腈、2-氰甲基吲哚。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述芳香醛为苯甲醛、3-氯苯甲醛、4-硝基苯甲醛、2-甲氧基苯甲醛、3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛，4-N,N-二甲基苯甲醛、4-三氟甲基苯甲醛、2-甲氧基苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛、4-甲基苯甲醛、4-羟基苯甲醛、9-蒽甲醛和2-噻吩醛。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，反应时间为1～10小时。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，反应结束后，过滤反应液，所得固体用重结晶得到产品。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，反应结束后，催化剂可由外加磁场回收，乙酸乙酯和乙醇洗涤后，经过60℃真空干燥24小时重复多次使用。
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