CN103880728A - 一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN103880728A
CN103880728A CN201410109998.9A CN201410109998A CN103880728A CN 103880728 A CN103880728 A CN 103880728A CN 201410109998 A CN201410109998 A CN 201410109998A CN 103880728 A CN103880728 A CN 103880728A
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应安国
李志峰
杨健国
胡华南
高洁
泮丽亚
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高效、环境友好的催化剂、无溶剂温和室温反应条件下实现通过吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮反应制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,所述方法包括以离子液体为催化剂,室温、常压下催化吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮反应,得到相应的二吲哚甲烷类化合物,离子液体重复使用5次,未发现反应收率明显下降。该法操作简单、收率高、催化反应体系可重复使用性好、无需任何有机溶剂、反应条件温和,具有良好的工业化前景。

Description

一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效、绿色的、无溶剂条件下,以通过吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮反应制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法。
技术背景
二吲哚甲烷类化合物具有重要的生物活性和药理活性,在医药领域应用广泛。近年来,对于二吲哚甲烷类化合物的合成得到了大量研究,探讨出来了很多合成方法,涌现了很多催化剂,如:HBF4-SiO2,ZnO,I2,FeCl3·6H2O,ZrCl4,CAN,RuCl3和LiClO4等,虽然这些方法都取得了一定的成功,但是,它们其中存在一些缺陷,如:需要过量的催化剂、长的反应时间、苛刻的反应条件、使用一些有毒溶剂、含金属类催化剂在医药应用中存在重金属残留问题。因此,开发高效、绿色的二吲哚甲烷类化合物合成方法不仅具有重要的经济效益,而且还有良好的环境和社会效益。
近几年来,功能离子液体为人们指出了探索环境友好的催化反应体系的重要方向。离子液体本身具有特殊的物化特性和热力学稳定性、溶解能力强、低挥发性、分子结构可调性等特点,使其成功应用于催化反应(用作溶剂或催化剂),后处理简单,离子液体可以多次重复使用,表现出非常优异的特点。三乙醇胺是一种非常廉价的、低毒的化工原料,我们以三乙醇胺为原料制备了多重酸性功能离子液体。尝试将新开发的功能离子液体应用于二吲哚甲烷类化合物的合成中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是取代传统的制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,提供一种高效、环境友好的催化剂,无溶剂温和室温反应条件下制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法。
根据本发明,所述通过吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮反应制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法包括:以离子液体为催化剂,室温、常压下,无需任何溶剂,吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮反应2~30分钟,得到相应的二吲哚甲烷类化合物;其中,所述离子液体为:
Figure BDA0000480346740000021
其中,所述吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮类物质的摩尔比为1:1~1:2。
其中,所述离子液体的摩尔量为醛、酮类物质的0.01~0.3倍。
其中,所述吲哚及衍生物为下列物质之一:吲哚、1-甲基吲哚、2-甲基吲哚、5-硝基吲哚。
其中,所述醛、酮类物质为下列物质之一:苯甲醛、4-甲基苯甲醛、4-三氟甲基苯甲醛、4-氟苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛、3-甲氧基苯甲醛、2-呋喃醛、2-噻吩醛、丙醛、2-甲基丙醛、或丙酮。
其中,反应结束后,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,萃余相离子液体80℃真空干燥6小时后用于下一批次反应,离子液体重复使用5次,未发现反应收率明显下降。
本发明提供的利用新型离子液体催化吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮反应,生成二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,是通过以下途径来实现的:
本发明所使用的新型功能离子液体的制备过程:
将准确称量的三乙醇胺(0.1mol)、二氯甲烷(50ml)加入250毫升三口瓶中,氮气保护,在0~5℃左右滴加氯磺酸(0.3mol)。滴加结束后,继续室温反应(15~35℃)3小时。反应结束后,过滤,滤饼用二氯甲烷洗涤得到固体,干燥3小时;将得到的固体溶于50ml水中,然后再加入H2SO4(0.1mol)在温度为60℃下进行离子交换反应,反应5小时,减压蒸馏除水,所得液体60~80℃条件下真空干燥5~10小时,得到的即为酸性功能离子液体,其反应方程式如下:
Figure BDA0000480346740000031
二吲哚甲烷类制备过程是:
在装有磁力搅拌装置的单口烧瓶中,依次加入吲哚或其衍生物、醛、酮类和离子液体;其中吲哚或其衍生物与醛酮类物质的摩尔比为1:1-2:1,离子液体与的摩尔比为0.01:1-0.3:1,无需任何溶剂室温常压反应2-30分钟,薄层色谱(TLC)跟踪反应进度;反应结束后,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,萃余相离子液体80℃真空干燥6小时后用于下一批次反应,离子液体重复使用5次,未发现反应收率明显下降。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,本发明的实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并非限定本发明。
实施例1
将吲哚(5mmol)、苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌10分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率90%,含量97%。3,3'-(phenylmethylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.93(s,2H),7.44-7.35(m,6H),7.31(t,J=4.3Hz,2H),7.26-7.15(m,3H),7.07-6.98(m,2H),6.75-6.58(m,2H),5.92(s,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):144.00,136.70,128.73,128.22,127.09,126.14,123.60,121.93,119.95,119.75,119.24,111.01,40.21。
实施例2
将吲哚(5mmol)、4-甲基苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌12分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率88%,含量95%。3,3'-(p-tolylmethylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.91(s,2H),7.43(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.22-7.16(m,2H),7.11(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.06-7.00(m,2H),6.70-6.66(m,2H),5.88(s,1H),2.35(s,3H).;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):140.98,136.70,135.50,128.92,128.57,127.12,123.54,121.89,119.98,119.94,119.20,110.99,39.77,21.09。
实施例3
将吲哚(5mmol)、4-甲氧基苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌20分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率82%,含量93%。3,3'-((4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.92(s,2H),7.40(m,4H),7.29(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),7.22-7.13(m,2H),7.06-6.99(m,2H),6.88-6.81(m,2H),6.67(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),5.87(s,1H),3.81(s,3H).;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):157.93,136.73,136.25,129.61,127.09,123.52,121.90,120.08,120.00,119.20,113.59,111.01,55.22,39.35。
实施例4
将吲哚(5mmol)、3-甲氧基苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌20分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率87%,含量98%。3,3'-((3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.92(s,1H),7.91-7.86(m,1H),7.44(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.21(m,3H),7.07-7.00(m,2H),6.97(m,2H),6.79(m,1H),6.69(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),5.89(s,1H),3.75(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):159.58,145.77,136.69,129.12,127.10,123.59,121.91,121.32,119.91,119.56,119.23,114.78,111.27,111.02,55.12,40.24。
实施例5
将吲哚(5mmol)、4-三氟甲基苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌3分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率98%,含量95%。3,3'-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.94(s,2H),7.57(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.43-7.36(m,4H),7.26-7.19(m,2H),7.10-7.03(m,2H),6.66(d,J=1.6Hz,2H),5.98(s,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):148.15,136.70,129.03,126.84,125.26,125.22,125.19,123.69,122.20,119.75,119.47,118.78,111.20,40.10。
实施例6
将吲哚(5mmol)、4-氟苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌2分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率99%,含量95%。3,3'-((4-fluorophenyl)methylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.91(s,2H),7.41(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.37(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.35-7.29(m,2H),7.22(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.06(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.02-6.96(m,2H),6.62(s,2H),5.90(s,1H).;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):160.21,136.71,130.13,130.06,126.93,123.62,122.05,119.88,119.32,115.09,114.88,111.15,39.47。
实施例7
将吲哚(5mmol)、丙醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌5分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率91%,含量96%。3,3'-(propane-1,1-diyl)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.84(d,J=12.7Hz,2H),7.69-7.61(m,2H),7.34(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.24-7.17(m,2H),7.09(m,2H),6.98(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.43(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),2.30(m,2H),1.06(t,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):136.59,127.24,121.73,121.55,120.28,119.74,118.99,111.14,35.91,28.76,13.16。
实施例8
将吲哚(5mmol)、2-甲基丙醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌5分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率90%,含量98%。3,3'-(2-methylpropane-1,1-diyl)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.85(s,2H),7.69(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.34-7.28(m,2H),7.17(m,3H),7.09(m,3H),4.29(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),2.72-2.63(m,1H),1.04(t,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):136.25,127.75,121.99,121.63,119.72,119.33,118.98,111.00,41.09,32.87,21.87。
实施例9
将吲哚(5mmol)、2-噻吩醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌25分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率80%,含量95%。3,3'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.76(s,2H),7.52(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.27-7.15(m,3H),7.10(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.97(m,2H),6.78(s,2H),6.21(s,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):148.72,136.57,126.77,126.52,125.20,123.70,123.28,122.06,119.81,119.63,119.41,111.24,35.33。
实施例10
将吲哚(5mmol)、2-呋喃醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌20分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,租车小分离得到产品,收率85%,含量95%。3,3'-(furan-2-ylmethylene)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.97(s,2H),7.51(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=8.2Hz,3H),7.25-7.16(m,2H),7.12-7.01(m,2H),6.88(d,J=1.7Hz,2H),6.33(m,1H),6.09(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),5.97(s,1H).;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):157.07,141.25,136.53,126.77,123.05,121.97,119.69,119.36,117.19,111.12,110.15,106.63,34.11。
实施例11
将吲哚(5mmol)、丙酮(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌25分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙醚萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率70%,含量97%。3,3'-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.89(s,2H),7.47(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.13(m,2H),7.08(d,J=2.3Hz,2H),6.94(m,2H),1.96(s,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):137.09,126.33,125.46,121.39,121.28,120.54,118.68,111.08,34.93,29.99。
实施例12
将1-甲基吲哚(5mmol)、苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌2分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率92%,含量97%。3,3'-(phenylmethylene)bis(1-methyl-1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.47-7.38(m,4H),7.34(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),7.29-7.25(m,3H),7.09-7.00(m,2H),6.59(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),5.95(s,1H),3.73(s,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):144.49,137.43,128.73,128.31,128.24,127.48,126.06,121.45,120.08,118.67,118.28,109.10,40.12,32.71。
实施例13
将2-甲基吲哚(5mmol)、苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、1mmol离子液体次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌2分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙醚萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率93%,含量95%。3,3'-(phenylmethylene)bis(2-methyl-1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):7.78(s,2H),7.41-7.39(m,2H),7.29(s,1H),7.26(d,J=8.9Hz,4H),7.08-7.04(m,2H),7.01(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),6.91-6.84(m,2H),6.03(s,1H),2.07(s,6H).;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):143.74,135.04,131.83,129.09,128.97,128.10,125.96,120.58,119.34,119.05,113.39,109.97,39.24,12.42。
实施例14
将5-硝基吲哚(5mmol)、苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、0.5mmol离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌7分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率88%,含量96%。3,3'-(phenylmethylene)bis(5-nitro-1H-indole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):11.68(s,2H),8.33(s,2H),7.98(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.33(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.23(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.15(s,2H),6.21(s,1H).;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):144.23,140.64,140.24,128.92,128.65,128.06,126.85,126.23,120.99,117.08,116.67,112.58,38.89。
实施例15
将吲哚(5mmol)、苯甲醛(2.5mmol)、实施例1中萃余相经过80℃真空干燥6小时后的离子液体依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌10分钟,TLC检测,原料消失,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品,收率90%,含量97%。离子液体重复使用5次,未发现收率明显下降,具体见表1.NMR数据实施例1。
表1
Figure BDA0000480346740000101
需要说明的是,上述发明内容及具体实施方式意在证明本发明所提供技术方案的实际应用,不应解释为对本发明保护范围的限定。本领域技术人员在本发明的精神和原理内,当可作各种修改、等同替换、或改进。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求书为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以离子液体为催化剂,室温、常压下吲哚类及衍生物与醛、酮反应,得到相应的二吲哚甲烷类化合物;其中,所述离子液体为: 
Figure FDA0000480346730000011
2.如权利要求1所述的一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述吲哚及衍生物与醛、酮类物质的摩尔比为1:1~2:1。 
3.如权利要求1所述的一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述离子液体的摩尔量为吲哚或其衍生物的0.01~0.3倍。 
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述的一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述吲哚及衍生物为下列物质之一:吲哚、1-甲基吲哚、2-甲基吲哚、5-硝基吲哚。 
5.如权利要求1或2所述的一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述醛、酮类物质为下列物质之一:苯甲醛、4-甲基苯甲醛、4-三氟甲基苯甲醛、4-氟苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛、3-甲氧基苯甲醛、2-呋喃醛、2-噻吩醛、丙醛、2-甲基丙醛、丙酮。 
6.如权利要求1或6所述的一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,反应时间为2~30分钟。 
7.如权利要求6所述的一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于, 反应结束后,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相,柱层析分离得到产品。 
8.如权利要求7所述的一种制备二吲哚甲烷类化合物的方法,其特征在于,反应结束后,乙酸乙酯萃取反应液后,萃余相经过80℃真空干燥6小时后重复使用。 
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CN106243112B (zh) * 2016-08-02 2018-12-18 马鞍山市泰博化工科技有限公司 一种酞嗪酮衍生物、该衍生物的制备方法及其制备用催化剂
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CN106567104B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-12-11 华南理工大学 1,1’-二吲哚甲烷类衍生物的电化学合成方法
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