CN104004968B - Wheel steel and wheel heat treatment method - Google Patents
Wheel steel and wheel heat treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104004968B CN104004968B CN201410234460.0A CN201410234460A CN104004968B CN 104004968 B CN104004968 B CN 104004968B CN 201410234460 A CN201410234460 A CN 201410234460A CN 104004968 B CN104004968 B CN 104004968B
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Abstract
The invention relates to wheel steel and a wheel heat treatment method. The wheel steel comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.60-0.67% of C, 0.80-1.00% of Si, 0.60-0.80% of Mn, no more than 0.03% of P, no more than 0.03% of S, 0.18-0.23% of Cr, no more than 0.25% of Ni, no more than 0.06% of Mo, no more than 0.10% of V, no more than 0.20% of Cu, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The wheel is made of the wheel steel. The method comprises the following steps: heating before quenching; quenching; protecting by a wheel disc; and tempering. By adopting the heat treatment technology disclosed by the invention, the strength of the wheel disc is effectively reduced and the tenacity is improved under the premise of ensuring the strength and the hardness of a rim of a high-carbon steel wheel, excellent overall performance of the overall wheel is obtained, and the use safety and the reliability of the product are ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wheel steel and wheel heat processing method, and in particular to one kind obtains medium high carbon locomotive wheel
Obtain the heat treatment method of the combination of strength and toughness of wheel rim and disc.
Background technology
Train wheel is to be related to railway freight, a key factor of passenger traffic safety, and the operating mode of wheel is severe, subjects
Heavy duty, friction, periodically vibrations, it is therefore desirable to the good comprehensive matching of intensity and toughness, inner rim portion need high intensity,
Hardness, with pressure and frictional force under conditions of adapting to heavy duty, running up with track, it is ensured that wheel tread do not deform and
Excessive wear, and the cyclic stress that disc then needs enough plasticity and toughness to resist and under cache operating condition, it is to avoid
The major accident that crackle even breaks.
With the lifting of train running speed, obdurability matching of many product standards to wheel rim, disc proposes higher
Requirement.The standard of many medium high carbon locomotive wheels requires the intensity hardness for ensureing that wheel rim is higher by quenching, and disc is required again
Avoid being affected by quenching to keep enough plasticity and toughness, an important indicator is exactly the tensile strength of rim for automobile wheel and disc,
Technical requirements such as the locomotive wheel of diameter 1098,1092 are wheel rim hardness >=300HB, and tensile strength >=980MPa is (actually such as
Fruit wheel rim hardness is not less than 300HB, and wheel rim tensile strength is general all in more than 1080MPa), and disc tensile strength then require≤
900MPa, elongation percentage then requires >=13%, under medium high carbon member condition, wheel rim, disc performance requirement it is totally different, increase heat
Treatment process design, the difficulty of process control.
Quenching temperature selects 860-880 DEG C in original technique, and tempering then adopts relatively low temperature, although so can protect
The high hardness requirement at wheel rim position is demonstrate,proved, but the risk for often also making the intensity of disc exceeded increases, and causes to be heat-treated again, such as
Fruit processes still unqualified or even can scrap by the gross again.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of wheel steel and wheel heat processing method, had both ensured that rim for automobile wheel was obtained high
Strong hardness, disc can be made again to obtain low-intensity high tenacity, and stable high qualification rate can be obtained.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of wheel steel, according to percentage by weight following component is contained：C is 0.80- for 0.60～0.67%, Si
1.00%, Mn are 0.60～0.80%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, and Cr is 0.18-0.23%, Ni≤0.25%, Mo≤
0.06, V≤0.10%, Cu≤0.20%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
A kind of wheel heat processing method, further, the wheel is made using wheel steel recited above, including as follows
Step：
(1) heating before quenching；
(2) quench；
(3) disc protection；
(4) it is tempered.
Further, also comprised the steps before step (1)：Forging and stamping rolling process, slow cooling operation.
Further, by wheel workpiece heat is to 830-850 DEG C and is incubated in step (1), make to roll state tissue and recrystallize
And austenitizing.
Further, rim for automobile wheel tread quenching is carried out in step (2), wheel rim quenching cooling velocity is improved to realize wheel rim
Area's strong hardness.
Further, its cooling rate is reduced using disc protection in step (3).
Further, wheel is overall in 520 ± 10 DEG C of tempers in step (4).
Further, 90 minutes are incubated, make to roll state tissue and recrystallize and austenitizing.
Compared with currently available technology, the thermal treatment process technology of the present invention is guaranteeing high carbon steel wheel wheel rim intensity, hard
Effectively wheel web intensity is reduced on the premise of degree and improves its toughness, obtain excellent wheel whole synthesis performance, it is ensured that
The safety in utilization and reliability of product, such as popularization and application can not only produce considerable benefit, and can improve railway freight, passenger traffic
Security.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that wheel rim hardness determination requires schematic diagram in certain state's locomotive wheel standard
Fig. 2 is wheel rim and disc test for tensile strength sample position schematic diagram in certain state's locomotive wheel standard
Fig. 3 is low pressure and mass flow jet hardening schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is rim metallographic structure schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is metallographic structure schematic diagram at disc
Specific embodiment
Describe the present invention below according to accompanying drawing, it is a kind of preferred reality in numerous embodiments of the present invention
Apply example.
Fig. 1-2 explanations：In certain state's locomotive wheel standard, wheel rim hardness, tension tension test, disc tension test are defined
Sample position, wheel is needed in same material, while in the case of heat treatment, two positions of wheel rim and disc will obtain Bu Tong even
Contrary characteristic, wheel rim needs high intensity hardness, disc to need low intensity and high plasticity (elongation percentage).
Quenching temperature selects 860-880 DEG C in original technique, and tempering then adopts relatively low temperature, although so can protect
The high hardness requirement at wheel rim position is demonstrate,proved, but the risk for often also making the intensity of disc exceeded increases, and causes to be heat-treated again, such as
Fruit processes still unqualified or even can scrap by the gross again.
Present embodiment discloses the composition design scheme and one kind of medium high carbon locomotive wheel make radial plate rim obtain obdurability matching somebody with somebody
The heat treatment method of conjunction, technical scheme is to reduce quenching temperature, improve wheel rim quenching cooling velocity, reduce disc cooling speed
Degree, improves temperature.
The chemical composition ranges of the wheel steel of correlation standard are：C is 0.57～0.67%, Si >=0.15%,
Mn0.60～0.80%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, Cr≤0.25%, Ni≤0.25%, Mo≤0.06, V≤0.10%,
Cu≤0.20%.To improve the wheel rim strong hardness of the wheel steel, composition design is carried out in the range of standard is allowed, C is
0.60～0.67%, Si are 0.80-1.00%, and Cr is 0.18-0.23%.C and Si contents are conducive to playing by middle upper design limit
Solid solution strengthening effect, Cr can strongly postpone pearlite and ferritic transformation, increase the quenching degree of steel, therefore also set by the middle upper limit
Meter.In order to wheel rim and disc obtain different qualities, it is necessary to design special Technology for Heating Processing.
After forging and stamping rolling process, slow cooling operation, by wheel workpiece heat is to 830-850 DEG C and is incubated, make to roll state group
Knit and recrystallize and austenitizing, carry out rim for automobile wheel tread quenching, " low pressure and mass flow sprays quenching unit using patented technology
Mouth ", improves wheel rim quenching cooling velocity to realize wheel rim area strong hardness as far as possible, and the method protected using disc reduces it as far as possible
Cooling rate, last wheel is overall in 520 DEG C of tempers.
Fig. 3 explanations：This is the patented technology of Ma Gang --- low pressure and mass flow jet hardening system, using the art of this patent energy
Ensure that tread and wheel rim wear away the quenching hardness uniformity in area, and quenching cool time can be shortened, reduce quenching to A points and disc
Tissue, the impact of performance.
Fig. 4～5 explanation：Fine pearlite+a small amount of iron is organized as from what tissue metallograph can be seen that wheel rim abraded area
The quenching+tempering state tissue of ferritic, dense structure is obtained in that high intensity and hardness.And tread quenching is not affected by disc
Impact, be organized as normalizing state tissue, because disc takes protection, slowly, ferrite is fully separated out cooling velocity, with standard
Required relatively low intensity hardness and high plasticity and toughness.
Preferred implementation steps are as follows：
1. heating before quenching：After forging and stamping rolling process, slow cooling operation, by wheel workpiece heat to 830-850 DEG C；Protect
Temperature 90 minutes, makes to roll state tissue and recrystallizes and austenitizing.
2. quench：Quenching unit adopts patented technology " low pressure and mass flow nozzle ", both ensures to quench cooling velocity to realize
Wheel rim area quenching hardness.
3. disc protection：Special protection is taken to disc position, prevents cooling rate in atmosphere too fast, make the exceeded toughness of intensity
Reduce.
4. it is tempered：Temperature is 520 ± 10 DEG C, eliminates the residual tension at disc position, partially removes inner rim portion
Residual compressive stress, stabilizing tissue, improve toughness.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is adopted to medium and high carbon steel locomotive wheel, on the premise of wheel rim high intensity is guaranteed, is effectively reduced
Disc intensity simultaneously obtains higher plasticity and toughness, obtains excellent wheel whole synthesis performance, it is ensured that the safety in utilization of product
And reliability.With using the wheel of 15 heat (batch) numbers of the Technology for Heating Processing of the present invention, sample analysis result such as following table, indices
Comply fully with the scope of standard requirement.
The present invention is exemplarily described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, it is clear that the present invention is implemented and do not receive aforesaid way
Restriction, as long as employing method of the present invention design and the various improvement that carry out of technical scheme, or not improved direct application
In other occasions, within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of wheel heat processing method, it is characterised in that the heat treatment method comprises the steps：
（1）Heating before quenching, by wheel workpiece heat is to 830-850 DEG C and is incubated, makes to roll state tissue and recrystallizes and austenite
Change；
（2）Rim for automobile wheel tread quenching is carried out, wheel rim quenching cooling velocity is improved to realize wheel rim area strong hardness；
（3）Its cooling rate is reduced using disc protection；
（4）Wheel is overall in 520 ± 10 DEG C of tempers；
The wheel is made using wheel steel, and the wheel steel contains following component according to percentage by weight：C be 0.60 ~
0.67%, Si are 0.80-1.00%, and Mn is 0.60 ~ 0.80%, P≤0.03%, S≤0.03%, and Cr is 0.18-0.23%, Ni≤
0.25%, Mo≤0.06, V≤0.10%, Cu≤0.20%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. wheel heat processing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step（1）Also comprise the steps before：
Forging and stamping rolling process, slow cooling operation.
3. wheel heat processing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step（1）Middle insulation 90 minutes, makes to roll state
Tissue is recrystallized and austenitizing.
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| CN104004968B true CN104004968B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110904311A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Anti-out-of-roundness wheel steel, wheel and preparation method of wheel |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104762552A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-07-08 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Wheel steel and heat treatment method and application thereof |
| CN104831158B (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2017-05-24 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Wheel steel, applications and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN106282525B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-01-22 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Railway car wheel and its heat treatment method |
| CN109355575B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2022-04-01 | 辽宁衡业高科新材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of 800 MPa-level heat-treated wheel |
| CN110317943A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-11 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of two-sided quenching cooler of train wheel |
| CN111560562A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-21 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Medium carbon steel wheel containing Cr and Mo and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN113046540B (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-08-16 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Heat treatment process for wheel |
| CN113088667B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-03-11 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Heat treatment method for improving residual stress of wheel and wheel |
| CN113699451A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-26 | 宝武集团马钢轨交材料科技有限公司 | Steel for wear-resistant elastic wheel rim and heat treatment method and production method thereof |
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| JPS57143465A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-04 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Steel for railroad wheel with superior wear resistance and cracking loss resistance |
| US6783610B2 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2004-08-31 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Railway wheel alloy |
| CN101314833A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2008-12-03 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Wheel steel for heavy duty goods train and manufacture method thereof |
| CN101492787B (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-09-22 | 芜湖三联锻造有限公司 | Medium-high-carbon microalloy non-hardened and tempered steel and controlled forging and cooling process |
| JP5494433B2 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2014-05-14 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Wheel steel |
| CN103160754B (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-05-06 | 大同爱碧玺铸造有限公司 | Micro alloy steel cast steel wheel and manufacture method |
| CN103741032A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | High-carbon low-alloy wheel steel for locomotive of improving flexibility and wheel preparation method |
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| CN110904311A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-24 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Anti-out-of-roundness wheel steel, wheel and preparation method of wheel |
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Effective date of registration: 20200615 Address after: No. 700, Yinhuang East Road, Maanshan economic and Technological Development Zone, Yushan District, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Baowu group Magang rail transit Material Technology Co., Ltd Address before: 243003 Anhui city of Ma'anshan province Jiuhua Mountain Rain Road No. 8 Co-patentee before: MAANSHAN IRON & STEEL Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: MAGANG (GROUP) HOLDING Co.,Ltd. |
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Address after: 243000 No. 700, Yinhuang East Road, Ma'anshan economic and Technological Development Zone, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Baowu group Magang rail transit Material Technology Co., Ltd Address before: No. 700, Yinhuang East Road, Maanshan economic and Technological Development Zone, Yushan District, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province Patentee before: Baowu group Magang rail transit Material Technology Co., Ltd |