CN110904387A - Bainite axle steel for heavy-duty railway wagon and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bainite axle steel for heavy-duty railway wagon and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110904387A CN110904387A CN201911264830.4A CN201911264830A CN110904387A CN 110904387 A CN110904387 A CN 110904387A CN 201911264830 A CN201911264830 A CN 201911264830A CN 110904387 A CN110904387 A CN 110904387A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
Abstract
The invention discloses a bainite axle steel for heavy-duty rail wagons and a preparation method thereof, wherein the bainite axle steel comprises the following chemical components: c: 0.1-0.35 wt%; mn: 1.00-2.80 wt%; cr: 0.50-2.00 wt%; si: 0.50-1.80 wt%; ca: less than or equal to 0.020 wt%; s is less than or equal to 0.010 wt%; p is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.015wt percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting: smelting and refining by a converter or an electric furnace according to a general smelting method; casting: casting the smelted steel in a continuous casting or die casting mode; forging: forging the obtained casting blank, performing forging forming and air cooling to room temperature; and (3) heat treatment: and carrying out primary normalizing and primary tempering heat treatment on the obtained forged and formed part. Compared with the existing axle steel LZ50 for the rail wagon, the bainite axle steel has better obdurability matching and fatigue performance. The axle prepared from the axle steel can prolong the service life in the service process under the condition of acceleration and heavy load, and further improve the driving safety margin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to low alloy steel, and particularly provides bainite axle steel for a heavy-duty railway wagon and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The axle is one of the most critical parts in the structure of the railway freight car, is responsible for the functions of bearing and running of the car and is directly related to the safety of railway running. Because of the effect of bearing alternating stress for a long time, the alloy is required to have high fatigue strength while having good toughness.
At present, 40 axle steel is used for the axle part of the railway wagon in China, and the common LZ50 axle steel is largely used. The LZ50 axle steel has the defects of low obdurability matching and the like after the whole heat treatment. With the development of railway freight in China towards the direction of increasing speed and increasing load, the LZ50 axle cannot completely meet the requirement of safe operation of a railway wagon, and the performance of axle steel is urgently required to be upgraded or replaced by a new material. The performance requirements of the latest temporary version of trial production technical conditions of the axle billet for the large-axle-weight railway freight car on the one-time normalizing and one-time tempering states of the novel axle billet are as follows: the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 690MPa, the yield strength Rel is more than or equal to 390MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 19%, the reduction of area Z is more than or equal to 35%, the longitudinal Aku2 of impact toughness is more than or equal to 40J, and the transverse Aku2 is more than or equal to 35J.
At present, most of axle patents for railway freight cars are mainly developed aiming at pearlite type microstructures, and in published reports, only the patent with the application number of CN201810298474, namely 'a high-speed train hollow axle steel and a preparation method thereof', attempts are made to manufacture railway axles by adopting bainite structures. However, the patent is only specially used for developing the axle steel for the high-speed train, and the adopted chemical composition and technical route are completely different from the requirements of the axle for the railway freight train.
Therefore, in order to comply with the development trend of railways and solve the defects and shortcomings of the existing domestic vehicle axle LZ50 for heavy trucks of railways, the invention discloses novel bainite axle steel for heavy trucks of railways and a preparation method thereof, which obviously improve the toughness matching of the axle steel, further improve the fatigue performance of the axle steel and increase the service safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide bainite axle steel for heavy-duty rail wagons and a preparation method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects that the existing LZ50 rail wagon axle steel is poor in strength and toughness matching and relatively high in production cost caused by twice normalizing and once tempering treatment, so that the axle steel which is novel, has good toughness matching and can meet the relevant standard performance requirements through once normalizing and once tempering heat treatment and the preparation process thereof are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a bainite axle steel for heavy-duty rail wagons comprises the following chemical components: c: 0.1-0.35 wt%; mn: 1.00-2.80 wt%; cr: 0.50-2.00 wt%; si: 0.50-1.80 wt%; ca: less than or equal to 0.020 wt%; s is less than or equal to 0.010 wt%; p is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.015wt percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Further, Ca/S is more than or equal to 1.5.
Further, the composition of the axle steel further includes not more than 0.8 wt% of Mo.
Further, the microstructure of the axle steel is a complex phase structure mainly including a bainite structure.
Further, the yield strength R of the bainite axle steelP0.2>750MPa, tensile strength Rm>1000MPa, elongation A>20% in the longitudinal direction AKU2(ambient temperature)>55J, transverse AKU2(ambient temperature)>50J。
The preparation method of the bainite axle steel for the heavy-duty railway wagon comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: smelting and refining by a converter or an electric furnace according to a general smelting method;
(2) casting: casting the steel smelted in the step (1) in a continuous casting or die casting mode;
(3) forging: forging the casting blank obtained in the step (2), performing forging forming and air cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: and (4) carrying out primary normalizing and primary tempering heat treatment on the forged and formed part obtained in the step (3).
Further, the specific process of the heat treatment is as follows:
primary normalizing: keeping the temperature at 800-950 ℃ for more than 3h, and then cooling the mixture to below 200 ℃ in air;
tempering: the steel piece after primary normalizing treatment is subjected to heat preservation for more than 3 hours at the temperature of 200-400 ℃, and then is cooled to room temperature to obtain the bainite axle steel for the heavy-duty railway wagon.
The bainite axle steel for the heavy-duty railway freight car comprises the following components:
c, carbon element C: has strong solid solution strengthening effect, is favorable for ensuring the strength of the axle steel and can obviously improve the hardenability of steel grades.
Manganese element Mn: manganese has the function of solid solution strengthening, and is beneficial to improving the strength. In addition, in the cooling transformation process of the undercooled austenite, the delay effect of the addition of the manganese element on the transformation of ferrite and pearlite in a high-temperature region is far larger than the transformation of bainite in a medium-temperature region, when the content of the manganese element reaches 1.5 wt%, the ferrite transformation region and the bainite transformation region can be completely separated, two C-shaped regions which are completely separated from the upper direction and the lower direction and the left direction and the right direction appear on a curve, the hardenability of steel grades is greatly improved, and the method is favorable for obtaining a bainite structure with good comprehensive performance from the austenitizing high-temperature air cooling process of large-size steel pieces.
Silicon element Si: can inhibit the precipitation of brittle carbides and is beneficial to the axle to form a residual austenite film with good toughness and plasticity. Silicon can obviously improve the ratio of the fatigue strength to the strength limit of the axle material.
Chromium element Cr: good solid solution strengthening effect is generated, and the strength is improved. Meanwhile, the chromium element can improve the hardenability of the steel grade and is beneficial to the structural consistency of the surface and the core of the axle.
Calcium element Ca: promote the spheroidization of inclusions in steel, weaken the stress concentration of inclusions accessories and be beneficial to improving the toughness. When Ca/S in steel is more than or equal to 1.5, the spheroidizing effect of the inclusions is very obvious.
Molybdenum element Mo: the hardenability of the steel grade is strongly improved, the crystal grains are further refined, the uniformity of bainite structure and performance can be obtained under the normalizing condition of the axle, and the mechanical property of the steel for the axle is improved. In addition, the molybdenum element can improve the tempering resistance of the steel and inhibit or eliminate the tempering brittleness.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the bainite axle steel has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and good fatigue performance. Compared with the existing axle steel LZ50 for the railway freight car, the axle steel has better obdurability matching and fatigue performance. The axle prepared from the axle steel can prolong the service life in the service process under the condition of acceleration and heavy load, and further improve the driving safety margin.
2. Compared with the existing pearlite axle steel, the bainite axle produced by the preparation method can greatly increase the toughness level of the axle on the premise of keeping higher strength level, thereby being beneficial to improving the comprehensive service performances of the axle such as fatigue resistance and the like.
3. Yield strength R of bainite axle steel prepared by the inventionP0.2>750MPa, tensile strength Rm>1000MPa, elongation A>20% in the longitudinal direction AKU2(ambient temperature)>55J, transverse AKU2(ambient temperature)>50J。
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a microstructure of a bainite axle for railway heavy loading prepared by the method of the present invention (a photograph of a microstructure (complex phase structure mainly composed of bainite) of an inner portion of the axle from a surface 1/2).
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
The relevant embodiments of the invention are as follows:
1. main chemical composition
TABLE 1 composition and content (in% by mass) of Bainite axle shafts prepared in different examples
| Examples | C | Mn | Cr | Si | Mo | P | S | Ca |
| Example 1 | 0.10 | 2.80 | 1.50 | 1.45 | 0.65 | 0.0094 | 0.010 | 0.020 |
| Example 2 | 0.18 | 2.20 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.015 | 0.0052 | 0.0093 |
| Example 3 | 0.27 | 1.80 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 0.54 | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.017 |
| Example 4 | 0.30 | 1.35 | 0.50 | 1.80 | 0.30 | 0.0005 | 0.0007 | 0.0012 |
| Example 5 | 0.35 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.95 | 0.43 | 0.0061 | 0.0050 | 0.016 |
Example 1
A bainite axle for heavy railway loads is made of bainite axle steel for heavy railway loads, wherein the content of each component of the bainite axle steel for heavy railway loads is shown in Table 1. The preparation method of the axle comprises the following steps:
smelting by adopting a conventional steelmaking process according to a formula shown in the table 1, then casting into a cylindrical blank, forging and forging the blank, forming by forging and air-cooling to room temperature; heating the forging and pressing formed part to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then discharging the forging and pressing formed part out of the furnace and continuously cooling the forging and pressing formed part to room temperature in the air; and finally, tempering the axle blank at room temperature at 200 ℃, wherein the tempering and heat preservation time is 3 h.
Fig. 1 shows a microstructure photograph of the interior of the axle prepared in this example. As can be seen from the figure, the microstructure is mainly a carbide-free bainite structure.
Example 2
The bainite axle for the heavy load of the railway is made of bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway, wherein the content of each component of the bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway is shown in a table 1. The preparation method of the axle comprises the following steps:
smelting by adopting a conventional steelmaking process according to a formula shown in the table 1, then casting into a cylindrical blank, forging and forging the blank, forming by forging and air-cooling to room temperature; heating the forging and pressing formed part to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, and then discharging the forging and pressing formed part from the furnace and continuously cooling the forging and pressing formed part to room temperature in the air; and finally, tempering the axle blank at room temperature at 300 ℃, wherein the tempering and heat preservation time is 4 h.
Example 3
The bainite axle for the heavy load of the railway is made of bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway, wherein the content of each component of the bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway is shown in a table 1. The preparation method of the axle comprises the following steps:
smelting by adopting a conventional steelmaking process according to a formula shown in the table 1, then casting into a cylindrical blank, forging and forging the blank, forming by forging and air-cooling to room temperature; heating the forging and pressing formed part to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then discharging the forging and pressing formed part out of the furnace and continuously cooling the forging and pressing formed part to room temperature in the air; and finally, tempering the axle blank at the room temperature at 400 ℃, wherein the tempering and heat preservation time is 4 h.
Example 4
The bainite axle for the heavy load of the railway is made of bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway, wherein the content of each component of the bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway is shown in a table 1. The preparation method of the axle comprises the following steps:
smelting by adopting a conventional steelmaking process according to a formula shown in the table 1, then casting into a cylindrical blank, forging and forging the blank, forming by forging and air-cooling to room temperature; heating the forging and pressing formed part to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then discharging the forging and pressing formed part from the furnace and continuously cooling the forging and pressing formed part to room temperature in the air; and finally, tempering the axle blank at the room temperature at 250 ℃, wherein the tempering and heat preservation time is 3 h.
Example 5
The bainite axle for the heavy load of the railway is made of bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway, wherein the content of each component of the bainite axle steel for the heavy load of the railway is shown in a table 1. The preparation method of the axle comprises the following steps:
smelting by adopting a conventional steelmaking process according to a formula shown in the table 1, then casting into a cylindrical blank, forging and forging the blank, forming by forging and air-cooling to room temperature; heating the forging and pressing formed part to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, and then discharging the forging and pressing formed part from a furnace and continuously cooling the forging and pressing formed part to room temperature in the air; and finally, tempering the axle blank at the room temperature at 400 ℃, wherein the tempering and heat preservation time is 4 h.
2. Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of the bainite axle samples prepared in each example were measured according to the relevant national standard, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of Bainite axle prepared in examples
As is clear from Table 2, the yield strength R of the bainite axle of the present inventionP0.2>750MPa, tensile strength Rm>1000MPa, elongation A>20% in the longitudinal direction AKU2(ambient temperature)>55J, transverse AKU2(ambient temperature)>50J. Compared with the existing LZ50 axle steel, the high-strength high-toughness axle steel has good matching of high strength, high toughness and high plasticity.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The bainite axle steel for the heavy-duty railway wagon is characterized by comprising the following chemical components: c: 0.1-0.35 wt%; mn: 1.00-2.80 wt%; cr: 0.50-2.00 wt%; si: 0.50-1.80 wt%; ca: less than or equal to 0.020 wt%; s is less than or equal to 0.010 wt%; p is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.015wt percent; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The bainite axle steel for heavy duty railway wagon of claim 1, wherein Ca/S is 1.5 or more.
3. The bainitic axle steel for heavy-duty railway trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that said axle steel composition further comprises not more than 0.8 wt% of Mo.
4. The bainite axle steel for heavy-duty rail cars of claim 1, wherein the microstructure of the axle steel is a complex phase structure mainly composed of a bainite structure.
5. Bainite axle steel for heavy goods railway vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it has a yield strength RP0.2>750MPa, tensile strength Rm>1000MPa, elongation A>20% in the longitudinal direction AKU2(ambient temperature)>55J, transverse AKU2(ambient temperature)>50J。
6. A method for preparing a bainite axle steel for heavy duty railway wagons according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) smelting: smelting and refining by a converter or an electric furnace according to a general smelting method;
(2) casting: casting the steel smelted in the step (1) in a continuous casting or die casting mode;
(3) forging: forging the casting blank obtained in the step (2), performing forging forming and air cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: and (4) carrying out primary normalizing and primary tempering heat treatment on the forged and formed part obtained in the step (3).
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the heat treatment comprises the following specific processes:
primary normalizing: keeping the temperature at 800-950 ℃ for more than 3h, and then cooling the mixture to below 200 ℃ in air;
tempering: the steel piece after primary normalizing treatment is subjected to heat preservation for more than 3 hours at the temperature of 200-400 ℃, and then is cooled to room temperature to obtain the bainite axle steel for the heavy-duty railway wagon.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911264830.4A CN110904387A (en) | 2019-12-11 | 2019-12-11 | Bainite axle steel for heavy-duty railway wagon and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201911264830.4A CN110904387A (en) | 2019-12-11 | 2019-12-11 | Bainite axle steel for heavy-duty railway wagon and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111593259A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-28 | 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 | Valve steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111647808A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-11 | 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000073140A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-07 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Axle for railway car |
| CN102758147A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2012-10-31 | 清华大学 | Axle material and application thereof in high-speed railway carriage |
| CN107354388A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-17 | 西华大学 | A kind of high-strength and high ductility bainite spring steel and its manufacture method |
| CN108588580A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-28 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of high-purity bainitic steel, wheel and manufacturing method comprising it |
-
2019
- 2019-12-11 CN CN201911264830.4A patent/CN110904387A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000073140A (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-03-07 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Axle for railway car |
| CN102758147A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2012-10-31 | 清华大学 | Axle material and application thereof in high-speed railway carriage |
| CN107354388A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-11-17 | 西华大学 | A kind of high-strength and high ductility bainite spring steel and its manufacture method |
| CN108588580A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-28 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of high-purity bainitic steel, wheel and manufacturing method comprising it |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111593259A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-28 | 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 | Valve steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111647808A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-11 | 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111593259B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-23 | 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 | Valve steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111647808B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-23 | 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 | Heat-resistant steel and preparation method thereof |
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