CN113373371A - Super-high wear-resistance hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material added with rare earth and nickel elements - Google Patents
Super-high wear-resistance hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material added with rare earth and nickel elements Download PDFInfo
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- CN113373371A CN113373371A CN202110557312.2A CN202110557312A CN113373371A CN 113373371 A CN113373371 A CN 113373371A CN 202110557312 A CN202110557312 A CN 202110557312A CN 113373371 A CN113373371 A CN 113373371A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material with ultrahigh wear resistance and added rare earth and nickel elements, which is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.90-1.00% of C; 0.50-0.60% of Si; 0.90-1.00% of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; 0.15 to 0.50 percent of Ni; 0.15-0.30% of Cr; 15-20 ppm of rare earth Ce, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Its preparing process is also disclosed. After heat treatment, the mechanical properties of the hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail obtained by the invention can meet the requirements that the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1330MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10%, the tread hardness is 400-430 HB, and the metallographic structure is pearlite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgical materials, in particular to a hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material with ultrahigh wear resistance and added with rare earth and nickel elements.
Background
At present, the rapid development of railways in China increases the line traffic year by year, the service conditions of steel rails for heavy-duty railways are more and more rigorous, and how to prolong the service life of the steel rails, improve the wear resistance of the steel rails and ensure the transportation safety is an urgent problem to be solved according to the service effect of the steel rails in the Qin railway line of China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material with ultrahigh wear resistance and added rare earth and nickel elements and a production method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material with ultrahigh wear resistance and added rare earth and nickel elements, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.90-1.00% of C; 0.50-0.60% of Si; 0.90-1.00% of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; 0.15 to 0.50 percent of Ni; 0.15-0.30% of Cr; 15-20 ppm of rare earth Ce, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the steel rail material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.94 percent of C; si 0.53%; 0.94 percent of Mn; 0.015 percent of P; 0.005% of S; 0.20 percent of Ni; 0.23 percent of Cr; ce 18ppm rare earth, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the steel rail material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.92 percent of C; 0.55 percent of Si; 0.94 percent of Mn; 0.015 percent of P; 0.005% of S; 0.21 percent of Ni; 0.21 percent of Cr; ce 17ppm of rare earth, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
A production method of a hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material added with rare earth and nickel elements is characterized in that after finish rolling of a steel rail, the steel rail directly enters an online heat treatment production line for accelerated cooling, the cooling mode is air-jet cooling, the temperature of the steel rail entering a quenching line is 730-780 ℃, the cooling speed of rail heads in a cooling 1 section and a cooling 2 section is controlled at 6-7 ℃/s, after the steel rail is rapidly cooled in the cooling 1 section and the cooling 2 section, the temperature of the rail heads reaches 580-630 ℃, then the steel rail is continuously and rapidly cooled in a cooling 3 section and a cooling 4 section, the cooling speed is reduced, the cooling speed of the rail heads is controlled at 2-3 ℃/s, the steel rail is taken out of an online heat treatment unit after the cooling 3 section and the cooling 4 section are finished, the temperature of the rail heads is controlled at 540-560 ℃, and the steel rail is taken out of the quenching line and is naturally cooled to room temperature.
Further, the final mechanical properties of the produced steel rail are as follows: the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1330MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10%, the tread hardness is 400-430 HB, and the metallographic structure is pearlite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the steel rail production process comprises converter smelting, LF refining, vacuum degassing, continuous casting, billet heating, rolling and the like, but the steps are not particularly limited in the patent, the steps are carried out according to a normal steel rail production process system, steel rail components are smelted according to a specific range, heat treatment is carried out according to a reasonable online heat treatment process system after the steel rail is rolled, the mechanical properties of the eutectoid pearlite steel rail after the heat treatment can meet the requirements that the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1330MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10%, the tread hardness is 400-430 HB, and the metallographic structure is pearlite.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the wear of hypereutectoid steel rails and eutectoid steel rails in comparison.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof so that the present invention may be more clearly understood.
The super-high wear-resistance hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material added with rare earth and nickel elements comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.90-1.00% of C; 0.50-0.60% of Si; 0.90-1.00% of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; 0.15 to 0.50 percent of Ni; 0.15-0.30% of Cr; 15-20 ppm of rare earth Ce and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and aiming at the component range, 4 groups of production experiments are carried out, and the experimental results are shown in table 1. The rest production processes of the steel rail are carried out according to the conventional production method, and the on-line heat treatment process adopts the heat treatment process system established by the patent.
In the embodiment 1, the steel rail is not added with Ni and rare earth Ce, in the embodiment 2, the steel rail is added with Ni and the rare earth Ce, in the embodiment 3, the steel rail is added with Ni and the rare earth Ce, in the embodiment 4, the carbon content of the steel rail does not reach the requirement of eutectoid composition range, and the Ni and the rare earth Ce are added.
TABLE 1 chemical composition and Performance results of on-line Heat treatment experiment rails
TABLE 2 Steel rail impurity test results (grade)
Comparing the performance results of examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, example 3 is produced according to the composition range and the heat treatment process of the patent, the steel rail performance meets the technical requirements, the steel rail has increased strength along with the content of C, the strength is obviously improved, the carbon content of the steel rail in examples 1, 2 and 3 reaches the hypereutectoid composition range, the strength and hardness of the steel rail can reach more than 1330MPa and 400HB, in addition, the original austenite grain size can be effectively refined by adding Ni and rare earth Ce in example 3, the toughness is not reduced while the strength is improved, the elongation can be ensured to be more than 10, the inclusion grade is effectively reduced by adding rare earth elements, and the ratio of 0.5 to 1 of the inclusions in examples 3 and 4 is obviously improved.
3 groups of different online heat treatment process experiments are carried out, namely an example 5, an example 6 and an example 7, the steel rail components adopt the component range established by the patent, and the influence of different heat treatment processes on the performance of the steel rail is comparatively analyzed.
Example 5, after finishing rolling of the steel rail, the steel rail directly enters an online heat treatment production line for accelerated cooling, the cooling mode is air-jet cooling, the temperature of the steel rail entering a quenching line is 756 ℃, the cooling speed of the rail head of the cooling 1 section and the cooling 2 section is controlled at 5.5 ℃/s, the temperature of the rail head reaches 650 ℃ after the steel rail is rapidly cooled by the cooling 1 section and the cooling 2 section, then the steel rail is continuously and rapidly cooled in the cooling 3 section and the cooling 4 section, the cooling speed is reduced, the cooling speed of the rail head is controlled at 1.8 ℃/s, the steel rail is taken out of the online heat treatment unit after the cooling 3 section and the cooling 4 section are finished, at this time, the temperature of the rail head is controlled at 580 ℃. And (3) testing the final mechanical property of the steel rail, wherein the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1264MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10%, the tread hardness is 381HB, and the metallographic structure is pearlite and network carbide.
Example 6, after the finish rolling of the steel rail is finished, the steel rail directly enters an online heat treatment production line for accelerated cooling, the cooling mode is air-jet cooling, the temperature of the steel rail entering a quenching line is 742 ℃, the cooling speed of rail heads of a cooling 1 section and a cooling 2 section is controlled at 8 ℃/s, the temperature of the rail heads reaches 560 ℃ after the steel rail is rapidly cooled by the cooling 1 section and the cooling 2 section, then the steel rail is continuously and rapidly cooled in a cooling 3 section and a cooling 4 section, the cooling speed is reduced, the cooling speed of the rail heads is controlled at 3.3 ℃/s, the steel rail exits the online heat treatment unit after the cooling 3 section and the cooling 4 section are finished, the temperature of the rail heads is controlled at 450 ℃, and the steel rail exits the quenching line and is naturally cooled to room temperature. And (3) testing the final mechanical property of the steel rail, wherein the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1458MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 6 percent, the tread hardness is 450HB, and the metallographic structure is bainite and martensite.
Example 7, after the finish rolling of the steel rail is finished, the steel rail directly enters an online heat treatment production line for accelerated cooling, the cooling mode is air-jet cooling, the temperature of the steel rail entering a quenching line is 752 ℃, the cooling speed of the railhead of the cooling 1 section and the cooling 2 section is controlled at 6.5 ℃/s, after the steel rail is rapidly cooled by the cooling 1 section and the cooling 2 section, the temperature of the railhead reaches 584 ℃, then the steel rail is continuously and rapidly cooled in the cooling 3 section and the cooling 4 section, the cooling speed is reduced, the cooling speed of the railhead is controlled at 2-3 ℃/s, the steel rail exits the online heat treatment unit after the cooling 3 section and the cooling 4 section are finished, at the moment, the temperature of the railhead is controlled at 543 ℃, and the steel rail exits the quenching line and is naturally cooled to room temperature. And (3) testing the final mechanical property of the steel rail, wherein the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1365MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10.5%, the tread hardness is 412HB, and the metallographic structure is pearlite.
Comparing the three different heat treatment processes of example 5, example 6 and example 7, the example 7 is carried out according to the heat treatment process system formulated in the patent, the mechanical property and the metallographic structure of the steel rail can meet the requirements, the cooling speed of the steel rail online heat treatment process of example 5 is too low, the mechanical property of the steel rail can not meet the requirements, the cooling speed of the steel rail online heat treatment process of example 6 is too high, the strength and the hardness of the steel rail are both higher, but the bainite and martensite metallographic structure appears.
The hypereutectoid steel rail and the eutectoid steel rail are subjected to wear resistance experiment comparison, the hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail produced by the steel rail production method in example 8 has the steel rail C content of 0.92%, Ni and rare earth Ce elements are added, the steel rail tensile strength is 1358MPa, the tread hardness is 409HB, and the elongation is 10.5%. Example 9 is a eutectoid pearlite rail with a C content of 0.78% and no Ni and rare earth Ce elements added. The tensile strength of the steel rail is 1245MPa, the tread hardness is 361HB, and the elongation is 11%.
As shown in figure 1, the abrasion test shows that the hypereutectoid steel rail adopting the components and the heat treatment process system of the patent is obviously better than the eutectoid steel rail in abrasion, and the abrasion resistance of the steel rail can be improved by more than 1 time.
According to the super-high wear-resistance hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material added with the rare earth and the nickel element, the wear resistance of a steel rail can be improved by more than 1 time, the original austenite crystal grains of the steel rail can be refined by adding the Ni and the rare earth element, the toughness is not reduced while the strength and the hardness of the steel rail are improved, the steel quality is purified, the grade and the quantity of inclusions are reduced, the probability of nuclear damage in the use process of the steel rail is reduced, and the service life of the steel rail is greatly prolonged.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The rail material is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.90-1.00% of C; 0.50-0.60% of Si; 0.90-1.00% of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; 0.15 to 0.50 percent of Ni; 0.15-0.30% of Cr; 15-20 ppm of rare earth Ce, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The pearlite steel rail material with ultrahigh wear resistance and hypereutectoid property added with rare earth and nickel elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel rail material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 0.94 percent of C; si 0.53%; 0.94 percent of Mn; 0.015 percent of P; 0.005% of S; 0.20 percent of Ni; 0.23 percent of Cr; ce 18ppm rare earth, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The pearlite steel rail material with ultrahigh wear resistance and hypereutectoid property added with rare earth and nickel elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steel rail material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 0.92 percent of C; 0.55 percent of Si; 0.94 percent of Mn; 0.015 percent of P; 0.005% of S; 0.21 percent of Ni; 0.21 percent of Cr; ce 17ppm of rare earth, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
4. The method for producing a hypereutectoid pearlite rail material with ultra-high wear resistance to which rare earth and nickel elements are added according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the method is characterized in that after the finish rolling of the steel rail is finished, the steel rail directly enters an online heat treatment production line for accelerated cooling, the cooling mode is air blast cooling, the temperature of the steel rail entering a quenching line is 730-780 ℃, the cooling speed of rail heads of a cooling 1 section and a cooling 2 section is controlled at 6-7 ℃/s, after the steel rail is rapidly cooled by the cooling 1 section and the cooling 2 section, and (3) when the temperature of the railhead reaches 580-630 ℃, continuously and rapidly cooling the steel rail in a cooling 3 section and a cooling 4 section, reducing the cooling speed, controlling the cooling speed of the railhead at 2-3 ℃/s, discharging the steel rail out of the online heat treatment unit after the cooling 3 section and the cooling 4 section are finished, controlling the temperature of the railhead at 540-560 ℃ at the moment, and naturally cooling the steel rail out of a quenching line to room temperature.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the final mechanical properties of the rail produced are: the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 1330MPa, the elongation A is more than or equal to 10%, the tread hardness is 400-430 HB, and the metallographic structure is pearlite.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110557312.2A CN113373371A (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Super-high wear-resistance hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material added with rare earth and nickel elements |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110557312.2A CN113373371A (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Super-high wear-resistance hypereutectoid pearlite steel rail material added with rare earth and nickel elements |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114058813A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-18 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Control method of hypereutectoid rare earth steel rail network carbide |
| CN115354221A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-18 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | High-strength wear-resistant steel rail containing chromium, niobium and rare earth and production method thereof |
| CN115369229A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-22 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Production control method for improving flatness of turnout steel rail after on-line heat treatment quenching |
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| CN112689541A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-04-20 | 耶弗拉兹合并西西伯利亚冶金厂股份公司 | Method for manufacturing railway rails with improved wear resistance and contact strength |
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2021
- 2021-05-21 CN CN202110557312.2A patent/CN113373371A/en active Pending
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114058813A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-18 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Control method of hypereutectoid rare earth steel rail network carbide |
| CN115354221A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-18 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | High-strength wear-resistant steel rail containing chromium, niobium and rare earth and production method thereof |
| CN115354221B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-09-26 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | High-strength wear-resistant rail containing chromium, niobium and rare earth and production method thereof |
| CN115369229A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-22 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Production control method for improving flatness of turnout steel rail after on-line heat treatment quenching |
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