CN113046540B - Heat treatment process for wheel - Google Patents
Heat treatment process for wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113046540B CN113046540B CN202110263939.7A CN202110263939A CN113046540B CN 113046540 B CN113046540 B CN 113046540B CN 202110263939 A CN202110263939 A CN 202110263939A CN 113046540 B CN113046540 B CN 113046540B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment process of a heavy-duty wheel, which comprises the steps of a, heating a rolled wheel, b, quenching the wheel, and c, tempering and cooling the wheel; the heat treatment process of the heavy-duty wheel comprises a quenching cooling device for quenching and cooling the wheel, wherein the quenching cooling device comprises a carrier roller platform for supporting the wheel, a nozzle for quenching and cooling the wheel tread and the wheel rim surface and a cooling mechanism for providing quenching and cooling for the nozzle, the wheel is placed on the carrier roller platform, the nozzle is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the carrier roller platform, the nozzle is connected with the cooling mechanism, the carrier roller rotates to drive the wheel to rotate, and quenching cooling liquid is uniformly sprayed on the wheel tread and the wheel rim surface. The wheel quenching cooling mode and the heat treatment process can ensure that the conventional high-carbon steel AAR-C has high hardness, high toughness and high plasticity on the premise of keeping the microstructure of fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite so as to meet the requirements of wear resistance and safety of a heavy-load wheel with the axle weight of 40 tons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of wheels for railway vehicles, and particularly relates to a heat treatment process of wheels.
Background
In recent years, world railway freight is rapidly developed towards overloading, and increasing axle load is the most effective measure for reducing running cost and increasing running energy of heavy-duty trains and is the trend of railway heavy-duty transportation in various countries in the world in future. Heavy-duty transportation is very common in countries such as Australia mainly based on mineral freight, the axle weight of a railway heavy-duty train of the heavy-duty train is generally more than 35t, the requirements on the wear resistance and the contact fatigue resistance of wheels are higher and higher, and the material of the heavy-duty train mainly adopts high-strength and high-hardness carbon steel, namely C-grade steel (0.67-0.77 percent) in the North America AAR M-107 standard (namely AAR-C wheels, the surface hardness of 321-363 HBW); c-level microalloyed steel (namely AAR-C +, the surface hardness of which is 341-388 HB); d grade steel (0.67% -0.77%) (namely AAR-D wheel, surface hardness 341-.
The heavy-duty wheel with the axle weight of 40 tons requires that the surface strength and the hardness reach the high hardness of 341-388HB within the range of 0.67-0.77 percent of C; and the requirements of high toughness of rim normal temperature impact energy Aku5 single value more than or equal to 8J and high plasticity of elongation A more than 14 percent are provided, and the specific mechanical properties are shown in Table 1:
mechanical performance requirement of 140-ton axle load heavy-duty wheel
The impact toughness refers to the capacity of a material to absorb plastic deformation work and fracture work under the action of an impact load, reflects the internal fine defects and the impact resistance of the material, and the actual significance of the impact toughness index is to disclose the brittleness tendency of the material and reflect the resistance of the metal material to external impact load. In order to improve the shock resistance of the wheel and ensure the safe operation of the wheel, there are some national standards, such as: EN13262 standard ER9 steel (C is less than or equal to 0.60%) rim normal temperature impact energy A ku5 single value is more than or equal to 9J, UIC 812-3-84 standard R9T steel (C is less than or equal to 0.60%) rim normal temperature impact energy single value is more than or equal to 9J; the single value of the normal temperature impact energy of B-grade steel (C: 0.57-0.67%) of India IRS R-34-15 standard is more than or equal to 9J, but the requirements on the rim impact energy of Class C and Class D wheel steel in AAR M-107/M-208 carbon steel wheel standard are not even provided, so the requirements on the normal temperature impact energy A ku5 of the rim of a high-hardness heavy-duty wheel (C: 0.67-0.77%) with the axle weight of 40 tons are high and are difficult to meet.
From the viewpoint of materials science and wheel steel, the hardness and the impact toughness are a pair of mutually restricted indexes, that is, the higher the hardness of the wheel material is, the lower the impact toughness and plasticity index is. Along with the rapid development requirement of heavy-duty freight of railways, the plasticity and toughness indexes of the yielding wheel are correspondingly improved while the yielding wheel has high hardness and high strength, and the currently produced wheel steel cannot meet the technical requirements: (1) if microalloying is carried out on the basis of AAR-C grade steel to greatly improve the strength and hardness of the wheel, the surface hardness of the wheel can meet 341-plus 388HBW, but the impact toughness index is obviously reduced, according to the statistics of AAR-C + steel (microalloyed steel) performance data, the single value of A ku5 can only reach 6J, the elongation A is only 12.5 percent, and the requirement of high ductility and toughness cannot be met at all; (2) if the AAR-C material in the conventional AAR M-107 standard adopts a wheel tread quenching heat treatment mode, the average value of the impact work of a rim is 13J, the elongation A reaches 16 percent, but the surface hardness is only 330HB, the requirement of high hardness cannot be met at all, and the requirements of the wear resistance of the wheel cannot be met due to the lower limits of section hardness and strength.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation in the background technology, the invention coordinates and unifies the high hardness, the high toughness and the high plasticity, provides a quenching and cooling device of the heavy-duty wheel, and also provides a heat treatment process of the heavy-duty wheel, so that the wheel can obtain the high hardness, the high toughness and the high plasticity at the same time through a novel heat treatment means, and the structure is still fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the heavy-duty wheel, prolonging the service life of the heavy-duty wheel, and having very obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a heat treatment process of a heavy-duty wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of a, heating a rolled wheel, b, quenching the wheel, and c, tempering and cooling the wheel; the heat treatment process of the heavy-duty wheel comprises a quenching cooling device for quenching and cooling the wheel, the quenching cooling device comprises a carrier roller platform for supporting the wheel, a nozzle for quenching and cooling the wheel tread and the wheel rim surface and a cooling mechanism for providing quenching and cooling for the nozzle, the wheel is placed on the carrier roller platform, the nozzle is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the carrier roller platform, the nozzle is connected with the cooling mechanism, the carrier roller rotates to drive the wheel to rotate, and quenching cooling liquid is evenly sprayed on the wheel tread and the wheel rim surface.
Furthermore, the wheel rim surface comprises a wheel inner rim surface and a wheel outer rim surface, and the nozzles comprise a middle nozzle for quenching and cooling the wheel tread, an upper nozzle for quenching and cooling the wheel inner rim surface and a lower nozzle for quenching and cooling the wheel outer rim surface.
Further, the step a specifically comprises: heating the rolled wheel to 860-880 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving the heat for 2.0-4.0h, and then discharging and quenching; the step b is specifically as follows: carrying out multi-surface quenching on the wheel, setting the quenching water spraying time of the wheel tread to be 400-450s, and setting the water spraying pressure to be 0.06-0.14 MPa; the quenching water spraying time of the inner rim surface and the outer rim surface of the wheel is 200 and 450s, and the water spraying pressure is 0.25-0.35 Mpa; the step c is specifically as follows: tempering the wheel in a 470 +/-10 ℃ furnace for 5 hours, discharging the wheel out of the furnace, and cooling the wheel to room temperature.
Further, the water spraying end time of the inner wheel rim surface and the outer wheel rim surface in the step b is the same as the quenching end time of the wheel tread, or the quenching of the inner wheel rim surface and the outer wheel rim surface is finished before the quenching of the wheel tread is finished; the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle respectively spray water to cool the inner rim surface and the outer rim surface of the rim, so that the temperature drop rate of metal in the whole rim area in a two-phase area is accelerated, eutectoid ferrite precipitation during austenite transformation is inhibited, the transformation supercooling degree of austenite to pearlite is increased, the pearlite nucleation rate is improved, pearlite grains are refined, the interlayer spacing of pearlite pieces is refined, and the strength and hardness of the whole rim area are increased.
Furthermore, the middle nozzle is transversely and horizontally provided with a nozzle which is right opposite to the tread of the wheel, the upper nozzle is vertically arranged above the wheel, the nozzle is right opposite to the inner rim surface of the wheel, and the lower nozzle is vertically arranged below the wheel, and the nozzle is right opposite to the outer rim surface of the wheel.
Furthermore, an upper baffle plate for preventing cooling liquid sprayed by the upper nozzle from being sprayed to the wheel spoke plate is arranged on one side, close to the wheel spoke plate, of the upper nozzle, and the upper baffle plate is connected to the upper nozzle to form a fan-shaped nozzle; one side of the lower nozzle close to the wheel spoke plate is provided with a lower baffle plate for preventing the cooling liquid sprayed by the lower nozzle from being sprayed to the wheel spoke plate, and the lower baffle plate is connected to the lower nozzle to form a fan-shaped nozzle.
Furthermore, the cooling mechanism comprises a water pump, an upper ring pipe, a lower ring pipe and a middle ring pipe, the upper ring pipe, the lower ring pipe and the middle ring pipe are arranged along the circumferential direction of the carrier roller platform, the upper ring pipe, the lower ring pipe and the middle ring pipe are communicated with the water pump, an upper nozzle is communicated with the upper ring pipe through a connecting pipe, the middle nozzle is communicated with the middle ring pipe through a connecting pipe, and the lower nozzle is communicated with the lower ring pipe through a connecting pipe.
Furthermore, the medium nozzles are low-pressure large-flow nozzles, the flow rate of the medium nozzles is 100L/min, 6-12 medium nozzles are flatly distributed around the circumference of the wheel tread, and the water surface sprayed by each medium nozzle can evenly cover the whole wheel tread along the circumferential direction.
Furthermore, the upper nozzles and the lower nozzles are small-flow nozzles, the flow rate of the small-flow nozzles is 10L/min, 6-10 upper nozzles are flatly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper part of the carrier roller platform, 6-10 lower nozzles are flatly distributed in the circumferential direction of the lower part of the carrier roller platform, and fan-shaped water surfaces sprayed by the upper nozzles and the lower nozzles can evenly cover the inner rim surface and the outer rim surface of the whole wheel in the radial direction.
Furthermore, the quenching cooling device also comprises a wheel jacking device, the middle part of the carrier roller platform is provided with a space for the wheel jacking device to pass through, and when the wheel needs to be received or jacked up, the wheel jacking device ascends to penetrate through the carrier roller platform to contact with the middle position of the wheel; when the wheels are required to be placed on the roller supporting platforms, the wheel pushing devices continuously descend to return to be separated from the wheels after the wheels are contacted with the roller supporting platforms.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, through a newly designed quenching cooling mode and a newly designed heat treatment process system of the wheel, the conventional high-carbon steel AAR-C can simultaneously have high hardness, high toughness and high plasticity on the premise of keeping the microstructure of fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite, so that the wear resistance and safety of the heavy-load wheel with the axle weight of 40 tons are met.
2. Compared with the mechanical properties of the conventional C-grade steel wheel subjected to conventional heat treatment and the micro-alloyed wheel of the C-grade steel after quenching, the heavy-duty wheel after heat treatment of the invention can obtain better comprehensive mechanical property and structure, namely, under the conditions of multi-surface quenching heat treatment and corresponding heat treatment processes, the conventional C-grade steel material can greatly improve the strong hardness level of the wheel steel on the premise of ensuring that the wheel microstructure is still fine pearlite plus a small amount of ferrite, high impact toughness (the normal temperature impact energy of the wheel rim A ku5 is more than or equal to 8J) and high plasticity (the elongation is more than 14 percent), and meet the requirements of the wheel rim surface hardness (341 + 388HB) and the section hardness (321 + 388HB), the wear resistance and impact resistance of the heavy-duty wheel steel are ensured, and the high plasticity is maintained to delay the generation and expansion of rim cracks, so that the service life and safety of the heavy-duty wheel are effectively improved.
3. The invention provides a novel wheel quenching cooling device and a novel heat treatment method which enables conventional AAR-C grade steel in AAR M-107/M-208 standard to have high hardness, high toughness and high plasticity, and can ensure that the microstructure of the conventional AAR-C wheel is still fine pearlite plus a small amount of ferrite, maintain high impact toughness (A ku5 is more than or equal to 8J) and high plasticity (elongation is more than 14%), greatly improve the strength and hardness level of the wheel steel so as to meet the requirements of wear resistance, impact resistance and wheel ductility of heavy-load wheel steel, thereby effectively improving the yield service life and safety of the heavy-load wheel.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a quenching cooling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a single-side quenching mode (tread) of a wheel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a double-sided quenching mode of a wheel (tread + outer rim surface);
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-side quenching mode of the wheel (tread + outer rim + inner rim);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a rim according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a rim according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a rim of comparative example 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a wheel extension and impact specimen sampling position of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic side view of a wheel extension and impact specimen sampling position of the present invention.
The labels in the above figures are respectively: 1. a carrier roller platform; 2. a wheel; 21. a wheel tread; 22. the inner rim surface of the wheel; 23. the outer rim surface of the wheel; 24. a wheel web; 3. an upper nozzle; 4. an upper baffle plate; 5. a connecting pipe; 6. an upper ring pipe; 7. a lower ring pipe; 8. a middle ring pipe; 9. a middle nozzle; 10. cooling water; 11. a lower baffle plate; 12. a lower nozzle; 13. and (4) a wheel jacking device.
Detailed Description
In the present invention, it is to be understood that the term "length"; "Width"; "Up"; "Down"; "front"; "Back"; "left"; "Right"; "vertical"; "horizontal"; "Top"; "bottom" "inner"; "outer"; "clockwise"; "counterclockwise"; "axial"; "planar direction"; "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation; constructed and operative in a particular orientation and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a heat treatment process for heavy duty vehicle wheels is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of a, heating a rolled wheel, b, quenching the wheel, and c, tempering and cooling the wheel; the heat treatment process of the heavy-duty wheel comprises a quenching cooling device for quenching and cooling the wheel, the quenching cooling device comprises a carrier roller platform 1 for supporting the wheel 2, a nozzle for quenching and cooling the wheel tread 21 and the wheel rim surface and a cooling mechanism for providing quenching and cooling for the nozzle, the wheel 2 is placed on the carrier roller platform 1, the nozzles are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the carrier roller platform 1, the nozzle is connected with the cooling mechanism, the carrier roller rotates to drive the wheel 2 to rotate, and quenching cooling liquid is evenly sprayed on the wheel tread 21 and the wheel rim surface. The carrier roller platform 1 is a quenching platform, the carrier roller platform 1 is provided with a plurality of carrier rollers which are circularly arranged, and when the wheels are placed on the carrier rollers, the carrier rollers rotate clockwise to drive the wheels to rotate clockwise, so that quenching cooling liquid can be sprayed on the wheels more evenly, and the quenching cooling effect is better; the carrier roller anticlockwise rotates to drive the wheel anticlockwise to rotate similarly.
The wheel rim surface comprises a wheel inner rim surface 22 and a wheel outer rim surface 23, and the nozzles comprise a middle nozzle 9 for quenching and cooling the wheel tread surface 21, an upper nozzle 3 for quenching and cooling the wheel inner rim surface 22 and a lower nozzle 12 for quenching and cooling the wheel outer rim surface 23.
The middle nozzle 9 is horizontally provided with a nozzle which is right opposite to the wheel tread 21, the upper nozzle 3 is vertically arranged above the wheel 2, the nozzle is right opposite to the wheel inner rim surface 22, and the lower nozzle 12 is vertically arranged below the wheel 2, and the nozzle is right opposite to the wheel outer rim surface 23.
An upper baffle plate 4 for preventing the cooling liquid sprayed by the upper nozzle 3 from spraying to the wheel spoke 24 is arranged on one side, close to the wheel spoke 24, of the upper nozzle 3, and the upper baffle plate 4 is connected to the upper nozzle 3 to form a fan-shaped nozzle; the side of the lower nozzle 12 close to the wheel web 24 is provided with a lower baffle 11 for preventing the cooling liquid sprayed by the lower nozzle 12 from spraying to the wheel web 24, and the lower baffle 11 is connected with the lower nozzle 12 to form a fan-shaped nozzle.
Cooling body includes the water pump, go up ring canal 6, lower ring canal 7 and well ring canal 8, goes up ring canal 6, lower ring canal 7 and well ring canal 8 and sets up along the circumferencial direction of holding in the palm roller platform 1, goes up ring canal 6, lower ring canal 7 and well ring canal 8 flat and water pump intercommunication, goes up nozzle 3 and passes through connecting pipe 5 and 6 intercommunications of ring canal, and well nozzle 9 passes through connecting pipe 5 and 8 intercommunications of well ring canal, and lower nozzle 12 passes through connecting pipe 5 and 7 intercommunications of lower ring canal.
The middle nozzles 9 are low-pressure large-flow nozzles, the flow rate of the middle nozzles is 100L/min, 6-12 middle nozzles 9 are flatly distributed around the circumference of the wheel tread, and the water surface sprayed by each middle nozzle can evenly cover the whole wheel tread along the circumferential direction. The upper nozzles 3 and the lower nozzles 12 are small-flow nozzles, the flow rate of the small-flow nozzles is 10L/min, 6-10 upper nozzles 3 are flatly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper part of the carrier roller platform 1, 6-10 lower nozzles 12 are flatly distributed in the circumferential direction of the lower part of the carrier roller platform 1, and fan-shaped water sprayed from each upper nozzle 3 and each lower nozzle 12 can evenly cover the inner rim surface and the outer rim surface of the whole wheel in the radial direction.
The quenching cooling device also comprises a wheel jacking device 13, the middle part of the carrier roller platform 1 is provided with a space for the wheel jacking device 13 to pass through, and when the wheel 2 needs to be received or the wheel 2 needs to be jacked up, the wheel jacking device 13 ascends to penetrate through the carrier roller platform 1 to be contacted with the middle position of the wheel 2; when the wheel 2 needs to be placed on the roller platform 1, the wheel jacking device 13 continuously descends to retreat to be separated from the wheel 2 after the wheel 2 is contacted with the roller platform 1.
According to the technical specification requirements of Australia 40-ton wheel for heavy-load mining, if the conventional methods such as a tread quenching heat treatment process parameter optimization test, a wheel steel microalloying test and the like are adopted, the high hardness, the high toughness and the high plasticity of the wheel cannot be ensured to simultaneously meet the standard requirements.
If the wheel adopts the conventional quenching process, namely the tread is quenched and cooled by water spray, the whole rim area has a slow cooling speed, the space between pearlite structure lamellae after austenite transformation is large, and more pro-eutectoid ferrite is precipitated on pearlite structure grain boundaries, so that the wheel resistance strength and hardness are also low. In order to improve the strength and hardness of the rim, the invention adopts a new quenching cooling device, a specially-made fan-shaped nozzle with the flow rate of 10L/min is selected, 6-10 nozzles are flatly distributed at the top and the bottom of a quenching table, and the inner rim surface and the outer rim surface of the rim are respectively subjected to water spray cooling, so that the temperature drop rate of the metal in the whole rim area in a two-phase region is accelerated, eutectoid ferrite precipitation during austenite transformation is inhibited, the transformation supercooling degree from austenite to pearlite is increased, the pearlite nucleation rate is improved, pearlite grains are refined, the interlayer spacing of pearlite slices is refined, and the strength and hardness of the whole rim area are further improved.
The specific operation of the step a is as follows: heating the rolled wheel to 860-880 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving the heat for 2.0-4.0h, and then discharging and quenching;
the specific operation of the step b is as follows: carrying out multi-surface quenching on the wheel 2, setting the quenching water spraying time of the wheel tread 21 to be 400-450s, and setting the water spraying pressure to be 0.06-0.14 MPa; the quenching water spraying time of the inner rim surface 22 and the outer rim surface 23 of the wheel is 200 and 450s, and the water spraying pressure is 0.25-0.35 Mpa; the water spraying end time of the wheel inner rim surface 22 and the wheel outer rim surface 23 is the same as the quenching end time of the wheel tread 21, or the quenching of the wheel inner rim surface 22 and the wheel outer rim surface 23 is completed before the quenching of the wheel tread 21 is completed, and the water spraying end time can be specifically adjusted according to the thickness and the width of a rim. The upper nozzle 3 and the lower nozzle 12 respectively spray water to cool the inner rim surface and the outer rim surface of the rim, so that the temperature drop rate of metal in the whole rim area in a two-phase area is accelerated, eutectoid ferrite precipitation during austenite transformation is inhibited, the transformation supercooling degree of austenite to pearlite is increased, the pearlite nucleation rate is improved, pearlite grains are refined, the interlayer spacing of pearlite pieces is refined, and the strength and hardness of the whole rim area are increased.
The concrete operation of step c is: and tempering the wheel 2 in a 470 +/-10 ℃ furnace for 5 hours, discharging the wheel out of the furnace, and air-cooling the wheel to room temperature.
According to the invention, through a newly designed quenching cooling mode and a newly designed heat treatment process system of the wheel, the conventional high-carbon steel AAR-C can simultaneously have high hardness, high toughness and high plasticity on the premise of keeping the microstructure of fine pearlite and a small amount of ferrite, so that the wear resistance and safety of the heavy-load wheel with the axle weight of 40 tons are met.
The present invention will be described in detail by using the above heat treatment method for specific examples and comparative examples, which are shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 Heat treatment Process parameters for examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2
TABLE 3 wheel extension and impact properties of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2
Table 4 hardness properties of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2
After the heat treatment of the examples 1 and 2 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 is carried out according to the heat treatment process parameters in the table 2, sampling is carried out at three points a, b and c on the wheel, mechanical wheel extension and impact tests are carried out on the samples taken at the three points a, b and c, the positions of the three points a, b and c are shown in fig. 8, the distance from the point a to the inner rim surface of the wheel rim is 12mm, and the distance from the point a to the lower edge of the wheel rim is 15 mm; b, the distance from the point to the outer rim surface of the wheel rim is 12mm, and the distance from the point to the lower edge of the wheel rim is 15 mm; the point c is positioned at the midpoint between the outer rim surface of the wheel rim and the inner rim surface of the wheel rim, and the distance from the point c to the upper edge of the wheel rim is 15 mm; the positions of the three points a, b and c are clearly specified in the manufacturing standards of the wheel, and the sampling may be performed according to the requirements of the standards.
The wheel steels of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1 were made of AAR M-107/M-208 standard conventional grade C steel (C content: 0.70-0.77%), and comparative example 2 was made of AAR-C + (C-grade microalloyed steel); an electric furnace is adopted for smelting, the round billet with the diameter of 450mm is directly cast in a continuous way after LF and RH refining and vacuum degassing, and the heavy-duty truck wheel with the diameter of 970mm is formed after ingot cutting, heating, rolling, heat treatment and finish machining.
The quenching heat treatment mode of the conventional wheel tread is adopted for quenching in the comparative examples 1 and 2, the novel multi-surface quenching heat treatment mode is adopted in the examples 1 and 2, the specific heat treatment process is shown in the table 2, and the two examples are specifically shown as follows.
Example 1:
the C-level molten steel is formed by an electric furnace steelmaking process, an LF furnace refining process, an RH vacuum degassing treatment process, a round billet continuous casting process, an ingot cutting process, a hot rolling process, a heat treatment process, a processing process and a finished product detection process.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly, heating the rolled wheel along with the furnace to 860 ℃ and 880 ℃ for heat preservation for 3 hours, and then discharging and quenching. The quenching time of the wheel tread is 400s, and the water pressure is 0.10 MPa; the quenching time of the outer rim surface of the wheel is 260s, and the water pressure is 0.30 MPa; and (3) simultaneously spraying water to cool the wheel rim tread and the outer rim surface (as shown in figure 3) so as to accelerate the cooling of the metal in the wheel rim to below 500 ℃, finally tempering in a furnace at 470 +/-10 ℃ for 5 hours, discharging and air cooling to room temperature.
As shown in fig. 5, the metallographic structure of the wheel rim prepared in example 1 was substantially identical to that of the AAR-C steel wheel after the quenching heat treatment of the conventional tread, and was flat, fine pearlite + a small amount of ferrite. The mechanical properties of the wheel of the present embodiment are shown in table 3 and table 4, and it can be seen that the rim of the wheel of example 1 has equivalent strength and hardness, and the wheel extension and impact sampling positions of the wheel are shown as the positions of three points a, b and c in fig. 8.
Therefore, compared with the wheel of the comparative example 1, the wheel of the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the strength and the hardness are greatly improved on the premise of keeping high plasticity of more than or equal to 14 percent and high toughness of the rim impact energy Aku5 of more than or equal to 8J, the surface hardness reaches 362HB, the technical requirements of 341-388HBW are met, and the expected effect is achieved.
Example 2:
the C-level molten steel is formed by an electric furnace steelmaking process, an LF furnace refining process, an RH vacuum degassing treatment process, a round billet continuous casting process, an ingot cutting process, a hot rolling process, a heat treatment process, a processing process and a finished product detection process.
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly, the wheel is heated up to 860 ℃ and 880 ℃ along with the furnace, and is taken out of the furnace for quenching after being kept warm for 3 hours. The quenching time of the wheel tread is 400s, and the water pressure is 0.10 MPa; the quenching time of the outer rim surface and the inner rim surface of the wheel is 260s, and the water pressure is 0.30 MPa; and (3) simultaneously spraying water to cool the wheel rim tread, the outer rim surface and the inner rim surface (as shown in figure 4), accelerating the cooling of the metal in the wheel rim to below 500 ℃, finally tempering at 470 +/-10 ℃ for 5 hours, discharging from the furnace and air cooling to room temperature.
As shown in fig. 6, the metallographic structure of the wheel rim prepared in example 2 was substantially identical to that of the AAR-C steel wheel after the quenching heat treatment of the conventional tread, and was flat with fine pearlite + a small amount of ferrite. The mechanical properties of the wheel of this example are shown in tables 3 and 4, and it can be seen that the rim strength and hardness of the AAR-C + microalloy wheel of example 2 are equivalent to those of the AAR-C + microalloy wheel of comparative example 2.
Therefore, compared with the wheel of the comparative example 1, the wheel of the embodiment 2 has the advantages that the strength and the hardness are greatly improved on the premise that the high plasticity is maintained to be more than or equal to 14%, the impact energy of the rim is more than or equal to 8J, the surface hardness reaches 365HB, the technical requirements of 341 and 388HBW are met, the technical requirements are met, and the expected effect is achieved.
Compared with the mechanical properties of the existing C-grade steel wheel subjected to conventional heat treatment and the wheel microalloyed by C-grade steel after quenching, the heavy-duty wheel after heat treatment of the invention can obtain better comprehensive mechanical property and structure, namely, under the conditions of multi-surface quenching heat treatment and corresponding heat treatment processes, the conventional C-grade steel material can greatly improve the strong hardness level of the wheel steel on the premise of ensuring that the wheel microstructure is still fine pearlite plus a small amount of ferrite, high impact toughness (the normal temperature impact energy of the rim Aku5 is more than or equal to 8J) and high plasticity (the elongation is more than 14 percent), and meet the requirements of the rim surface hardness (341 + 388HB) and the section hardness (321 + 388HB), the wear resistance and impact resistance of the heavy-duty wheel steel are ensured, and the high plasticity is maintained to delay the generation and expansion of rim cracks, so that the service life and safety of the heavy-duty wheel are effectively improved.
The invention provides a novel wheel quenching cooling device and a novel heat treatment method which enables conventional AAR-C grade steel in AAR M-107/M-208 standard to have high hardness, high toughness and high plasticity at the same time, and can ensure that the conventional AAR-C wheel microstructure is still fine pearlite plus a small amount of ferrite, maintain high impact toughness (Aku5 is more than or equal to 8J) and high plasticity (elongation is more than 14 percent), greatly improve the strength and hardness level of the wheel steel, meet the requirements of wear resistance, impact resistance and wheel ductility of heavy-load wheel steel, and further effectively improve the yield service life and safety of the heavy-load wheel.
The wheel heat treatment process disclosed by the invention can be used for heat treatment of train wheels and heavy-load wheels, and is also suitable for heat treatment of wheels of other vehicle types.
The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the specific implementation of the invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt various insubstantial modifications of the technical solution of the invention or to apply the concept and technical solution of the invention directly to other occasions without modification.
Claims (7)
1. A heat treatment process for a wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of a, heating a rolled wheel, b, quenching the wheel, and c, tempering and cooling the wheel; the wheel heat treatment process comprises a quenching cooling device for quenching and cooling a wheel, wherein the quenching cooling device comprises a carrier roller platform (1) for supporting the wheel (2), nozzles for quenching and cooling a wheel tread (21) and a wheel rim surface and a cooling mechanism for providing quenching and cooling for the nozzles, the wheel (2) is placed on the carrier roller platform (1), the nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the carrier roller platform (1), the nozzles are connected with the cooling mechanism, the carrier roller rotates to drive the wheel (2) to rotate, and quenching cooling liquid is uniformly sprayed on the wheel tread (21) and the wheel rim surface; the wheel rim surface comprises a wheel inner rim surface (22) and a wheel outer rim surface (23), and the nozzles comprise a middle nozzle (9) for quenching and cooling a wheel tread (21), an upper nozzle (3) for quenching and cooling the wheel inner rim surface (22) and a lower nozzle (12) for quenching and cooling the wheel outer rim surface (23); in the step b, the water spraying end time of the inner wheel rim surface (22) and the outer wheel rim surface (23) is the same as the quenching end time of the wheel tread (21), or the quenching of the inner wheel rim surface (22) and the outer wheel rim surface (23) is completed before the quenching of the wheel tread (21) is finished;
the step a is specifically as follows: heating the rolled wheel to 860-880 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving the heat for 2.0-4.0h, and then discharging and quenching; the step b is specifically as follows: carrying out multi-surface quenching on the wheel (2), setting the quenching water spraying time of the wheel tread (21) to be 400-450s, and setting the water spraying pressure to be 0.06-0.14 MPa; the quenching water spraying time of the inner rim surface (22) and the outer rim surface (23) of the wheel is 200-450s, and the water spraying pressure is 0.25-0.35 Mpa; the step c specifically comprises the following steps: tempering the wheel (2) in a furnace at 470 +/-10 ℃ for 5 hours, and then discharging from the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature.
2. A process for heat treating a vehicle wheel according to claim 1, wherein: the middle nozzle (9) is transversely and horizontally provided with a nozzle which is right opposite to a wheel tread (21), the upper nozzle (3) is vertically arranged above the wheel (2) and is right opposite to a wheel inner rim surface (22), and the lower nozzle (12) is vertically arranged below the wheel (2) and is right opposite to a wheel outer rim surface (23).
3. A process for heat treating a vehicle wheel according to claim 2, wherein: an upper baffle (4) used for preventing cooling liquid sprayed by the upper nozzle (3) from being sprayed to the wheel spoke plate (24) is arranged on one side, close to the wheel spoke plate (24), of the upper nozzle (3), and the upper baffle (4) is connected to the upper nozzle (3) to form a fan-shaped nozzle; one side of the lower nozzle (12) close to the wheel spoke plate (24) is provided with a lower baffle plate (11) for preventing cooling liquid sprayed by the lower nozzle (12) from being sprayed to the wheel spoke plate (24), and the lower baffle plate (11) is connected to the lower nozzle (12) to form a fan-shaped nozzle.
4. A process for heat treating a vehicle wheel according to claim 3, wherein: cooling body includes the water pump, go up ring canal (6), ring canal (7) and well ring canal (8) down, go up ring canal (6), ring canal (7) and well ring canal (8) set up along the circumferencial direction of bearing in the palm roller platform (1) down, go up ring canal (6), ring canal (7) and well ring canal (8) all communicate with the water pump down, it communicates with ring canal (6) through connecting pipe (5) and to go up nozzle (3), well nozzle (9) communicate with well ring canal (8) through connecting pipe (5), nozzle (12) communicate with lower ring canal (7) through connecting pipe (5) down.
5. The heat treatment process for vehicle wheels according to claim 4, wherein: the medium nozzles (9) are low-pressure large-flow nozzles, the flow rate of the medium nozzles is 100L/min, 6-12 medium nozzles (9) are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the wheel tread, and the water surface sprayed by each medium nozzle can uniformly cover the whole wheel tread along the circumferential direction.
6. The heat treatment process for vehicle wheels according to claim 5, wherein: the upper nozzles (3) and the lower nozzles (12) are small-flow nozzles, the flow rate of the small-flow nozzles is 10L/min, 6-10 upper nozzles (3) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the upper part of the carrier roller platform (1), 6-10 lower nozzles (12) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the lower part of the carrier roller platform (1), and fan-shaped water sprayed by each upper nozzle (3) and each lower nozzle (12) can uniformly cover the inner rim surface and the outer rim surface of the whole wheel in the radial direction.
7. A process for heat treating a vehicle wheel according to claim 6, wherein: the quenching cooling device also comprises a wheel jacking device (13), the middle part of the carrier roller platform (1) is provided with a space for the wheel jacking device (13) to pass through, and when the wheel (2) needs to be received or jacked up, the wheel jacking device (13) rises to penetrate through the carrier roller platform (1) to be contacted with the middle position of the wheel (2); when the wheels (2) need to be placed on the carrier roller platform (1), the wheel pushing device (13) continuously descends to return to be separated from the wheels (2) after the wheels (2) are contacted with the carrier roller platform (1).
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| CN115323124B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2023-06-16 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Wheel production method utilizing quenching waste heat tempering and wheel |
| CN115386714B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-06-16 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Wheel heat treatment method for improving performance of train wheel rim |
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| FR2763601B1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1999-06-25 | Valdunes | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A STEEL RAILWAY WHEEL AND A RAILWAY WHEEL OBTAINED |
| CN101270408B (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2010-06-02 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Thermal treatment method for high-carbon steel train wheel circular rim surface and heat treatment apparatus |
| CN104004968B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2017-04-12 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Wheel steel and wheel heat treatment method |
| CN108342648A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-31 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | A kind of high tenacity heavy duty goods train high-carbon wheel steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN110317943A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-11 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of two-sided quenching cooler of train wheel |
| CN110951951A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-03 | 太原重工轨道交通设备有限公司 | Immersion quenching apparatus and method |
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