CN1039736A - 从循环式流化床反应器的反应室排出的排气中分离固体物质和将分离出的固体物质再循环到反应室的方法 - Google Patents

从循环式流化床反应器的反应室排出的排气中分离固体物质和将分离出的固体物质再循环到反应室的方法 Download PDF

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CN1039736A
CN1039736A CN89107155A CN89107155A CN1039736A CN 1039736 A CN1039736 A CN 1039736A CN 89107155 A CN89107155 A CN 89107155A CN 89107155 A CN89107155 A CN 89107155A CN 1039736 A CN1039736 A CN 1039736A
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福克·恩格斯特龙
卡杰·亨里克森
拉格纳·伦德格维斯特
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    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
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    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
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    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
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Abstract

一种循环式流化床反应器，它包括气旋室(4)，用以分离反应器排气中的固体物质。反应器排气通道(2)的方向向下。改变气流方向使大部分固体物质与气体分离，然后固体物质进入位于反应器(1)下部的返回管路(8)。大部分气体在改变方向后进入气旋室(4，104，204，304)，以实现固体物质的进一步分离。

Description

本发明涉及一种循环式流化床反应器，它包括向上伸展的或垂直的反应室;带有气旋室的分离器，用以分离反应室排气中的固体物质;从反应室排出气体的管路或通道;从气旋室排出净化气体的管路或通道以及将分离的固体物质再返回到反应器的管路或通道。
循环式流动床技术已有很长的应用历史，例如用于煅烧炉，并且现在已更广泛用于各种其他的反应器，诸如燃烧炉和气化器。将循环使用的固体物质从排气中分离出来的标准实施办法一直是采用常规的具有漏斗型底部的旋风分离器。旋风分离器的圆柱形气旋室上方装有排气管，使气体向上走，而固体物质则通过竖管经由气阱再返回至反应器。气阱是为了防止反应器气体通过竖管进入旋风分离器。通常多用机械阱做为气阱，更先进的是采用U形管式的砂流化床。特别在高温反应器中，固体物质再循环系统即复杂又昂贵。用于使气阱流态化的空气的一部分向上流入竖管，对固体物质的分离，特别是轻而细的微粒的分离有不利的影响。此外，上升气流降低了竖管的输送能力。
众所周知，在常规的旋风分离器中心会产生明显的压力降和高的轴向流动速度，由此，旋风分离器产生对竖管的抽吸作用。这种抽吸气流通常不具有切线速度，因此，此气流所载带的固体物质几乎全部经由旋风分离器的中心管道传送出去。所以装在常规旋风分离器上的再循环系统对这种从竖管中来的抽吸气流非常敏感，并且需要有可靠的气阱。
在蒸气锅炉中采用常规旋风分离器给设计带来不便，因为常规旋风分离器将锅炉分割成分离的两部分，即燃烧室和旋风分离器之后的传递部分，在分离的两部分之间必须安装固体物质再循环装置。
机械气阱磨损快，特别在高温条件下，而且，使用中经常出现故障。
国际专利申请WO    85/04117公开了一种设备，其固体物质的分离是在位于反应器顶部的卧式旋风分离器中进行的，并且从反应器中向上流出的排气，以切线方向进入卧式气旋室。
在这种设备中，排气中所含的全部固体物质都要进入分离器的气旋室中。
本发明的目的就是提供一种循环式流化床反应器，它能从反应室的排气中有效地分离固体物质，并要再返回到反应器中的所需部位。
在本发明的方法和设备中，排气中所含的相当多的固体物质在进入分离器的气旋室之前即已分离，不再加重气旋室的负荷。因此，在气旋室中可采用更高的气流速度而不致产生磨损。更高的流速也会改善分离能力，降低净化气体中的尘含量。由于气旋室中固体物质含量明显减少，所以分离器的分离能力比常规旋风分离器更高，其尺寸也更小。
按照本发明，循环式流化床反应器有一条与反应室上部相连的管路或通道，用来使反应室的排气向下流动，同时还有能改变通过此管道或通道的气体的方向，并使其进入分离器气旋室的装置。
另外，按照本发明，从循环式流化床反应室的排气中分离固体物质的方法，是采用分离器的气旋室，将固体物质从反应室的排气中分离出来，并使固体物质再返回到反应室。其特征在于先使排气向下流动，然后改变大部分气流的方向，使其进入分离器的气旋室，而含有大部分固体物质的气流部分都基本上不改变方向而进入固体物质返回通道。
本发明将参考附图以举例方式作进一步描述。附图有：
图1为本发明的实例示意图，是图2沿A-A线的垂直剖面示意图;
图2为图1所示流化床设备的平面示意图;
图3为图1中B箭头方向的部分设备的局部示意图;
图4是按照本发明的流化床装置的另一个实例示意图，是图5沿C-C线的垂直剖面;
图5为沿图4D-D线的剖面;
图6是按照本发明的流化床装置的再一个实例的示意图，是图7沿E-E线的垂直剖面;
图7为沿图6F-F线的剖面;
图8为按照本发明的流化床装置的又一个实例的垂直剖面示意图。
在图1，2和3中绘出了向上伸展的或垂直的流化床反应器1，排气从反应器室1的上部排出，并通过方向向下的气体管路或通道2。具有卧式气旋室4的微粒分离器3位于反应器的旁边，其安装方式使得它的卧式气旋室4和通道2之间形成倒向锥形空间5，此空间由向下收缩的器壁所确定，它是由通道2的壁6和与气旋室圆柱形部分切线相连的器壁7之间的空间所形成。空间5构成了固体物质返回管路8的入口。与气旋室同心的气体排出口10位于分离器3的另一端9处，并且通过管路11与反应器的传递部分13相接。分离器另一端是封闭的。气体通道2的宽度b比气旋室4的宽度B要小。
通道2引导反应室1的排气以向下倾斜的方向进入空间5，此空间起预分离器的作用，其中大部分气体在改变其流动方向之后，按切线方向向上进入气旋室4。由于方向的改变，夹带在气体中的大部分固体物质被分离出来，经由通道8进入反应室1。剩余的那部分固体物质在气旋室4的壁上被分离，并在由气旋室和通道2形成的导向舌12处离开气旋室，冲向气旋室和返回通道8之间的器壁7，再进入返回通道8。净化过的气体通过出口10排出到传递部分中。
在图4和图5所描绘的实例中，气体从反应室101经通道102进入分离器103，从气体中分离出的固体物质通过多条相邻的返回通道108再返回到反应室101。一开始气体以直线向下的方向进入气体通道102，然后大部分气流改变方向，通过导向块114和导向舌112之间的开口115流入气旋室104，导向舌112是由通道102和气旋室形成。导向块114位于锥形空间105内，该空间向下收缩并通向返回管路108，它是由连接通道102和管路108的器壁106和连接气旋室及返回管路108的器壁107所形成。导向块114的作用是将含有大部分固体物质的气流导向返回管路，并使大部分气体在改变方向后进入气旋室。通向气旋室的通道和固体物质的返回管路安排成一条直线，以使固体物质流从一个通道流向另一个通道时不改变方向。在气旋室壁上分离出的固体物质通过导向块和器壁107之间的开口116进入返回管路。净化过的气体通过伸入气旋室内的管道111和管段110排出，管段110与气旋室的纵轴平行，其两端都是开口的，该管段与管道111相连。
在图6和图7所描绘的实例中，分离器203安装在靠近反应室201的下面部位。在通道202内，气体向下流动一段长的距离，靠重力使固体物质在分离器处产生了高速度和动量，在那里，大部分气体改变方向进入气旋室204，而大部分固体物质则经返回管路208进入反应室。气旋室204与固体物质返回管路208形成了它们之间的导向舌221，引导气流进入气旋室的导向舌表面与引导气流进入气旋室204的通道构成一个钝角。在气旋室内分离出的固体物质由气旋室204的两端217和218排出，并沿着倾斜表面219和220进入返回管路208。为确保固体物质向气旋室204两端传送，气旋室底部最好向两端倾斜。净化过的气体通过管道211向上进入位于气旋室204上方的传递部（图中未绘出）。
在图8所描绘的实例中，从反应室301排出的气体以高速度通过曲线通道300，该通道部分环绕分离器303的气旋室304，气体由曲线通道进入起预分离器作用的空间，从那里，大部分气体经导向块314而改变方向，向上以切线方向进入气旋室304。大部分固体物质在空间305内达到分离，并且基本上不改变方向地向下流动，通过返回管路308进入反应室。残留的固体物质在气旋室表面达到分离，并通过位于导向块314与连接气旋室和返回管路308的器壁307之间的通道316，进入返回管路。净化过的气体经由伸入气旋室内部的管道311进入气旋室下部的传递部分313。
在操作模式上，本发明的系统与常规系统不同，例如：固体物质是靠气流载带（1-10%的总气体）再返回到反应室的。由于通向气旋室的通道朝向固体物质返回管路的入口，所以气体及固体物质的动力学压力有助于固体物质的返回，从而提高了分离率。
在图8所描绘的实例中，反应室内气体的流动方向与预分离器内流动方向的改变相反。这样在操作上就与其它实例不同，并且更有利于固体物质的分离。
本发明不局限于这里所例举的实例，它可以在权利要求书所确定的保护范围内加以改进和应用。例如：这里所提到的通道实际上包括了任何传送方法。同样，分离器的气旋室可以是卧式的或倾斜式的，并且气旋室也可具有锥形部分。通常，在气旋室内分离出的固体物质要再返回到反应器，不过其它运行方式也是可能的。在气旋室内分离出的固体物质可以随供料固体物质一同返回或者分别进料。
所用的流化床反应器术语实际上包括任何流化床装置，如流化床式的燃烧装置、炉子、换热器、锅炉、气化器或类似的化工装置。

Claims (1)

1、一种从循环式流化床反应器的反应室排出的排气中分离固体物质和将分离出的固体物质再循环到反应室的方法，其特征在于从排气中预分离固体物质，
通过引导从反应室中排出的排出气流向下流动和通过将排出气流分开为一股流入水平气旋室，含固体粒子的主要气流和一股流入输送管路用来再循环固体物质，含有大部分固体粒子的气流，
从而将流经一个锐角的主要气流从排出气流转移开并引导含有大部分固体粒子的气流，基本上不改变其方向地向下流动。
CN89107155A 1985-12-09 1989-09-08 从循环式流化床反应器的反应室排出的排气中分离固体物质和将分离出的固体物质再循环到反应室的方法 Pending CN1039736A (zh)

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FIPCT/FI85/00098 1985-12-09
PCT/FI1985/000098 WO1987003668A1 (en) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 A circulating fluidized bed reactor and a method of separating solid material from the flue gases

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CN86108105A Expired CN1007922B (zh) 1985-12-09 1986-12-09 具有从排气中分离固体物质的装置的循环式流化床反应器
CN89107155A Pending CN1039736A (zh) 1985-12-09 1989-09-08 从循环式流化床反应器的反应室排出的排气中分离固体物质和将分离出的固体物质再循环到反应室的方法

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EP0311599A1 (en) 1989-04-19
DD253945A5 (de) 1988-02-10
CN1007922B (zh) 1990-05-09
EP0311599B1 (en) 1990-11-07
FI91914B (fi) 1994-05-13
KR880700912A (ko) 1988-04-13
US4934281A (en) 1990-06-19
CS900686A3 (en) 1992-11-18
KR910001833B1 (ko) 1991-03-26
ATE58220T1 (de) 1990-11-15
PL262866A1 (en) 1987-11-16
CN86108105A (zh) 1987-09-23
WO1987003668A1 (en) 1987-06-18
FI882623A (fi) 1988-06-03
CZ277826B6 (en) 1993-06-16
FI91914C (fi) 1994-08-25
DE3580488D1 (de) 1990-12-13
DK413087A (da) 1987-08-07
CA1265660A (en) 1990-02-13
FI882623A0 (fi) 1988-06-03
DK413087D0 (da) 1987-08-07

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