CN103969419A - Indoor simulation system applied to pollutant migration process researches under artificial rainfall - Google Patents
Indoor simulation system applied to pollutant migration process researches under artificial rainfall Download PDFInfo
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- CN103969419A CN103969419A CN201310042156.1A CN201310042156A CN103969419A CN 103969419 A CN103969419 A CN 103969419A CN 201310042156 A CN201310042156 A CN 201310042156A CN 103969419 A CN103969419 A CN 103969419A
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Abstract
The invention provides an indoor simulation system applied to pollutant migration process researches under artificial rainfall. The indoor simulation system can satisfy similarity conditions of the rainfall uniformity, the median raindrop diameter, the terminal velocity and the raindrop spectrum, can be directly used in the researches and stimulation of the migration process of soil (deposit)-water interface pollutants under the artificial rainfall conditions, and mainly includes a rainfall control system, a pollutant vertical transport simulation system and a sample collection system; and the above simulation device can be used as an experimental device for carrying out migration conversion and repair mechanism researches of pollutants in soil/sediment. The simulation device has the characteristics of strong practicability, high reliability, low cost, compact structure, convenient installation, demounting and replacement of parts, suitable simulation conditions, maneuverability and good application popularization value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to study the laboratory simulation equipment of pollutant interfacial migration and physical process, particularly a kind of lab simulation control system that is applied to the migration of pollutant in soil and water termination process and Study on Transformation, belongs to and learns and environmental science.
Background technology
Carrying out the test of the test of soil pollutant transition process, soil infiltration and other while needing the scientific experiment of simulated rainfall, for fear of the impact of natural cause, need in given time, obtain rapidly and test desired data, the test of hitting the target smoothly.Conventionally utilize artificially-simulated rainfall device to carry out artificially-simulated rainfall, current artificially-simulated rainfall is divided into 2 types of nozzle-type and needle tube types conventionally, nozzle-type artificially-simulated rainfall machine is from nozzle or spray orifice, water to be injected in the air, be subject to the impact of air resistance effect, the broken raindrop that form different sizes of current, drop to earth's surface and form rainfall, can obtain 3-10 fixing rainfall intensity (hereinafter to be referred as raininess) by changing the number of oscillations of nozzle.The artificial raining-simulated apparatus of current this nozzle-type, raindrop and natural rainfall are more approaching, but the homogeneity of rainfall is not also fine, cost is also more expensive.
At present, the pollutant transition process carrying out in laboratory and native water termination research are to experiment condition, take into account and be difficult to completely as aspects such as rainfall, the dynamic monitoring of section sample and collection, the controls of interface environments gradient, its main cause is also the imperfection of experimental facilities and is not integrated.The rainmaking that desirable analogue means produces, should be similar to natural precipitation, and main interception rainfall index comprises that rainfall intensity, Rainfall Homogeneity, raindrop diameter distribute, raindrop landing terminal velocity etc.For the simulated experiment of rainfall runoff, as long as possess the similarity of Rainfall Homogeneity and rainfall intensity, can meet requirement of experiment; For the simulated experiment of rainfall erosion, as long as possess the similarity Condition that meets Rainfall Homogeneity, raindrop median diameter, terminal velocity and raindrop size distribution, meet equally requirement of experiment.
Because the natural precipitation cycle is long, season distribution is stronger, and annual branch is extremely inhomogeneous, causes field and experimental plot observation cycle based on natural precipitation long, obtains data speed slow.Chemistry, physics and bioprocess in agricultural land soil-rainfall interface and soil (sediment)-water termination enliven the most, and these processes are in real process, owing to being subject to the impact of field trial condition, stormy waves, ship and zoobenthos, and be difficult to catch.Therefore, be necessary to develop artificially-simulated rainfall device and replace as far as possible natural precipitation, accelerated soil erosion, Rainfall-runoff and the experiment progress such as infiltrate, avoid the impact of natural cause, obtains rapidly test desired data in given time.
Summary of the invention
1, goal of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the practical problems existing in prior art, consider that in real process, affecting the principal element of pollutant Transport And Transformation is rainfall, for the pollutant migration research of specific soil-rainfall interface and soil (sediment)-water termination facilitates, a kind of indoor simulated system that is applied to pollutant transition process research under artificial rainfall condition is provided, can meet Rainfall Homogeneity, raindrop median diameter, the similarity Condition of terminal velocity and raindrop size distribution, be directly used in the transition process research and simulation of soil under artificial rainfall condition (sediment)-water interface pollutant.
2, technical solution
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of indoor simulation device that is applied to soils/sediments-water interface process research under artificial rainfall condition, it is characterized in that by rainfall control system, pollutant vertical migration simulation system, sample collecting system three parts form; Rainfall control system is mainly made up of water-feed, rain controller, feed pipe and valve.It is characterized in that water-feed selects larger-diameter container to ensure certain water supply intensity in the situation that in the short time in water-feed that water level can significant change, regulate the head difference between water-feed and rain controller by fluctuation in stage controller.Rain controller selects 16mm cable outer tube external No. 8 syringe needles of holing to be made, by the syringe needle with varying number with regulate rain controller water level to meet the needs of simulating different rainfall amounts.Rain controller one end is by being connected with water-feed with the feed pipe of by-pass valve control, and the other end seals as rain controller air discharge cook with rubber stopper; Pollutant vertical migration simulation system, is characterized in that earth pillar cabinet is mainly made up of organic glass post.Earth pillar side glass post plate indicates scale mark, to facilitate the flow event in observed and recorded earth pillar.Ring earth pillar sidewall different depth is furnished with sampling circular hole, and the diameter in hole is 4cm, to monitor the pollutant levels change procedure of soils/sediments different depth in simulation system, also can seal with lid, and there is sealing rubber ring lid inner side; Lid has intake-outlet outward, has screw thread in intake-outlet, can be sealed by sealed screw; Sample collecting system, is characterized in that by the combination of proofed sleeve and glass tube, oozes timing acquiring and the replacing of holard solution under realization, can realize easily the collection of water sample.
3, technique effect
Advantage of the present invention and effect:
(1) the Rainfall Homogeneity coefficient of this device is greater than 85%, has higher rainfall stability, favorable repeatability.The raindrop characteristic and the natural rainfall raindrop characteristic that generate have higher similarity.
(2) this device is different by pore size, independently shower nozzle composition, and each simulated rainfall cell arrangement is made up of 16 shower nozzles, arbitrary extension as required.After the lightweight of device improves, can move to another place from the three unities;
(3) can simulate under different rainfall intensity control pollutant Transport And Transformation feature in soil and water termination process, the soil engineering and geological feature of soils of simulation can carry out according to physical condition;
(4) 4, this device is in operational process, as long as power supply is normal, and water cleaning, can warranty test research continue carries out, and has higher reliability.Daily servicing is mainly clean pond, prevents that shower nozzle from stopping up;
(5) this apparatus cost is lower, is convenient to coordinate and Synergism Testing with the scale model rainer of building, and makes test figure have comparability.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing and accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 rainfall simulator outboard profile
Fig. 2 rainfall simulator vertical view
Fig. 3 earth pillar outboard profile
Fig. 4 analogue means stereographic map
In figure: 1, pulley; 2, fluctuation in stage controller; 3, lifting rope; 4, water-feed; 5, water level; 6, water level control tap; 7, rainfall simulator; 8, pinprick rain controller; 9, sensor; 10, homogeneous soil; 11, organic glass post; 12, water permeable membrane; 13, flexible conduit; 14, rainwash hole; 15, runoff receiving flask; 16, sampling/surge flask; 17, quartz sand layer.
Embodiment
(1), according to Fig. 2, carry out the installation of rain controller;
(2) according to Fig. 1, carry out the preliminary experiment of rainfall intensity under different liquid levels (5) condition, obtain the rainfall intensity value of different depth, and mark on the cylinder of the rainfall control system of Fig. 1;
(3) gather the soil media that needs experiment, fill according to level soil property situation, the soil property of identical level mixed before filling, and carries out layering be filled in the pollutant vertical migration simulation system of Fig. 3 according to requirement of experiment and object;
(4) different depth sensor installation and thieff hatch is set in pollutant vertical migration simulation system, seals rubber stopper to thieff hatch;
(5) according to schematic diagram 4, rainfall control system Fig. 1 and pollutant vertical migration simulation system Fig. 3 are fixed, ensure the stable and reinforcing of installing in experimentation;
(6), according to Fig. 3, carry out the installation of rainwash device (15) and underground percolation device (16) sample collecting system with fixing;
(7) each sampling apparatus and water feed apparatus are checked, until all pipes and device all connect;
(8) start rainer, frequency modulation motor, is adjusted to default rainfall intensity;
(9) (according to experiment purpose) computing time, carry out routine sampling; Until gathered all samples; According to the physics of requirement of experiment analysis water-like, chemistry and biological property etc.;
(10) the reading change procedure of observation sensor, (according to experiment purpose) arranges monitoring time frequency, carries out the Collection and analysis of soil different depth solution simultaneously;
(11) (according to experiment purpose) is equipped with after sedimental sampling pipe in taking-up, and sediment is carried out stratified sampling or only gets top layer sample, then analyzes the physics of sediment sample, chemistry and biological property etc.;
(12) check instrument accessory, experiment finishes.
Case study on implementation one: Transport and leaching loss flux to Lake Fuxian, Yunnan Province Typical Agricultural district Nitrogen In Soils element under different rainfall intensities are studied.A large amount of farmlands have been concentrated in bank gathering ground, Lake Fuxian, Yunnan Province north, and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution water body being caused due to using of chemical fertilizer in farmland more and more causes concern, and agricultural nonpoint source pollution has risen to the key factor that Fuxian Lake water pollutes at present.Fuxian Lake north bank groundwater level depth is more shallow, be about 60cm, affected by rainfall infiltration, the underground water in this district may be subject to the pollution of agricultural land soil agriculture chemical, and northern bank region of no relief is tilted by north (region of no relief) (lake) to the south with mean inclination 6.4 ‰, the total flow direction of underground water is by north orientation south, infiltrates lake, and therefore shallow ground water has become one of main carriers of carrying to lake nutriment.Due to the backwardness of current monitoring means, in addition the randomness of rainfall, makes to observe Vertical Migration process in the soil body of nutritive salt under natural precipitation condition and rule to have to a great extent long, difficulty and the shortcoming such as workload is large, data are not accurate enough of cycle.Wish is carried out accurately, fast, comprehensively understand rainfall-infiltrate-runoff-percolation law and nitrogen dynamic migration process, adopts the method for artificially-simulated rainfall, and carrying out indoor soil-column simulation test is a kind of effective method.In experimentation, first choose representative Fuxian Lake gathering ground beam king river valley one vegetable field and carry out the collection of pedotheque.Adopt stratified sampling, the method for filling by unit weight obtains for examination earth pillar.Experiment is according to Fuxian Lake region rainfall intensity in short-term is for many years carried out to probability frequency distributional analysis, on this basis, four kinds of different rainfall intensities are determined, these four kinds of intensity have represented the intensity of local common rainfall in short-term, and to testing, four rainfall intensity is respectively 0.59,0.47,0.38,0.24mm min in experiment one
-1.Experiment is carried out four groups altogether, and every group has been designed two kinds of different initial nutrient concentrations, and wherein in experimental group one, experimental group two, the initial nutrient concentrations of soil is identical, takes from the confession examination soil in same time and same place; In experimental group three, experimental group four, the initial nutrient concentrations of soil is identical, is same batch of soil.Utilize the indoor simulated system device of pollutant transition process research under artificial rainfall condition to carry out simulating lab test, the rainfall intensity of every group of experiment is all different, in experimentation, also the nutrient concentration of the basic physical property of soil, initial nutrient concentrations and effusion is analyzed.Experimentation is realized the control to rainfall intensity by the PVC cylindrical pipe with scale and overflow vent, water injects after PVC right cylinder by proofed sleeve, 32 equally distributed pin holes that a part is installed by pvc pipe body bottom ooze out and act on upper soll layer, unnecessary water is discharged by side overflow mouth, so just can make cylindrical hydraulic pressure all the time in steady state, rainfall intensity is also just in steady state, by regulating different hydraulic pressure to obtain the constant rainfall amount of different rainfall intensities, rainfall intensity is by can be by oozing to obtain under the water yield in the unit of account time.At upper soll layer the mat formation soft emery cloth of one deck and filter paper, allow current slowly infiltrate soil layer, to prevent the generation of strand shape stream and preferential flow.Effusion adopts measuring cup to artificially collect after quartz sand filtration layer, for the use of analyzing mensuration.Simulated experiment earth pillar is designed by organic glass tubing string, height 50cm, and diameter 18cm, adds one deck quartz sand filtration layer and infiltrates mouth to prevent from stopping up in earth pillar bottom, and effusion carries out timing collection by seepage bottle.Having a diameter in earth pillar side is 4cm sidewise hole, in the time entering run-off and be greater than Infiltration Characteristics in Field Soils, can meet rainwash and flow out from sidewise hole.Measurement result is that the effusions of four groups of experiments account for and infiltrate the result of calculation of number percent of total amount and change in 0.40-0.47, and mean value is 0.44.Earth pillar to same initial nutrient concentrations is tested, and in effusion, total nitrogen presents the trend of increase with the increase of rainfall intensity, but the variation of rainfall intensity does not present obvious regularity to the impact of total phosphorus in effusion; Along with the increase of rainfall intensity, in effusion ammonium nitrogen go out to flow the trend that concentration presents reduction, in effusion nitrate nitrogen go out to flow concentration in contrast, go out to flow concentration corresponding increase along with the increase of rainfall intensity; The infiltration capacity of nitrate nitrogen and migration velocity are obviously better than ammonium nitrogen, and rainfall intensity is greater than ammonium nitrogen to the impact of nitrate nitrogen.This device can, for soils/sediments pollutant Transport And Transformation research under research artificial rainfall condition, also can meet the needs of experiment with the height of timer setting.By HydruslD software, indoor rain test is carried out to numerical simulation, numerical simulation and measured result are basically identical, have further verified feasibility and the accuracy of test, and this test provides new way for pollutant transition process research under artificial rainfall condition.
Claims (3)
1. an indoor simulated system that is applied to pollutant transition process research under artificial rainfall condition, is characterized in that by high water stage case and rainfall control system, and pollutant vertical migration simulation system and sample collecting system three parts form.
2. according to the rainfall control system described in claim 1, it is characterized in that can providing by controlling air pressure and the depth of water rainfall of 5-25mm/h scope.If adopt batch (-type) rainfall, can obtain wider particularly compared with the rainfall of small intensity.
3. according to the pollutant vertical migration system described in claim 1, the different depth place, tube wall side that it is characterized in that sampling has sampling circular hole, the diameter in hole is 4cm, with the pollutant levels change procedure of soils/sediments different depth in monitoring simulation system, also can seal with lid, there is sealing rubber ring lid inner side; Lid has intake-outlet outward, has screw thread in intake-outlet, can be sealed by sealed screw.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN105388267A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-09 | 福建农林大学 | Test apparatus for evaluating pesticide run-off law of rainfall |
| CN107389896A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-11-24 | 河海大学 | Top layer bed material pollutant adsorption/desorption characteristic measuring device and its application method |
| CN108169077A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-15 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | The experimental provision that simulating pollution object migrates in soil-underground water |
| CN108593889A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-28 | 宁夏大学 | Movable type pressure sand gravel leaching liquor migration of element collects monitoring device automatically |
| CN109187286A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-11 | 扬州大学 | Simulate the device and its analogy method of contaminant transportation rule under soil dry-wet alternating situation |
| CN109270244A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-25 | 河海大学 | Solute transfer analogue observation device in soil under a kind of rainfall |
| CN109709002A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-03 | 湖北理工学院 | A kind of device and method infiltrating the vertical release of pollutant based on simulation unsaturation |
| CN112051383A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-08 | 上海交通大学 | Simulation experiment device for migration and transformation of pollutants in underground water level fluctuation zone |
| CN113607921A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Simulation experiment device and method for measuring and calculating farmland phosphorus migration and conversion ratio |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105388267A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-09 | 福建农林大学 | Test apparatus for evaluating pesticide run-off law of rainfall |
| CN107389896A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-11-24 | 河海大学 | Top layer bed material pollutant adsorption/desorption characteristic measuring device and its application method |
| CN107389896B (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-04-03 | 河海大学 | Top layer bed material pollutant adsorption/desorption characteristic measuring device and its application method |
| CN108169077A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-15 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | The experimental provision that simulating pollution object migrates in soil-underground water |
| CN108593889A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-28 | 宁夏大学 | Movable type pressure sand gravel leaching liquor migration of element collects monitoring device automatically |
| CN109270244A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-25 | 河海大学 | Solute transfer analogue observation device in soil under a kind of rainfall |
| CN109187286A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-11 | 扬州大学 | Simulate the device and its analogy method of contaminant transportation rule under soil dry-wet alternating situation |
| CN109187286B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2024-03-01 | 扬州大学 | Device for simulating pollutant migration rule under soil dry-wet alternation condition and simulation method thereof |
| CN109709002A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-03 | 湖北理工学院 | A kind of device and method infiltrating the vertical release of pollutant based on simulation unsaturation |
| CN109709002B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2024-03-19 | 湖北理工学院 | Device and method based on simulation of vertical release of unsaturated infiltration pollutants |
| CN112051383A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-08 | 上海交通大学 | Simulation experiment device for migration and transformation of pollutants in underground water level fluctuation zone |
| CN112051383B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-09-06 | 上海交通大学 | Simulation experiment device for migration and transformation of pollutants in underground water level fluctuation zone |
| CN113607921A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Simulation experiment device and method for measuring and calculating farmland phosphorus migration and conversion ratio |
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Application publication date: 20140806 |