CN103965517A - 一种透明生物基片材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明适用于高分子材料技术领域，提供一种透明生物基片材及其制备方法，所述透明生物基片材包含的原料以及原料组分质量配比如下：淀粉、增塑改性剂、偶联剂、聚丙烯、茂金属聚乙烯、成核剂、润滑剂＝30～60份∶0.5～2份∶1～3份∶20～60份∶5～10份∶0.1～0.2份∶0.5～1份。本发明通过选取适合原料以及设计各原料的质量配比，制得的生物基片材具有很高的透明度和抗拉撕性能，可替代透明PP用于各类包装。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种透明生物基片材及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前市面上的片材类透明包装材料主要有PP(聚丙烯)、PS(聚苯乙烯)、PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PVC(聚氯乙烯)、PA(聚酰胺)等，这些材料大部分都来自石化产业或者高耗能产业。包装材料在生产过程中会产生或需要添加一些有毒有害物质，对人体和环境造成危害，而且废弃的包装材料在自然环境中难以分解，会造成白色污染，因此寻找一种低碳环保的材料来替代这些包装材料成了当务之急。在生物基塑料中，淀粉这种天然高分子物质具有来源广泛、价格低廉、再生周期短等优点，当使用不同的淀粉、改性剂以及其他辅料，并且采用不同配比时，材料的透明度和机械性能也不同。目前的生物基塑料透明度和撕裂强度不够，影响其使用范围。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种透明生物基片材及其制备方法，旨在解决现有生物基塑料透明度和撕裂强度不够的技术问题。
为了达到上述目的，一方面，本发明提供了一种透明生物基片材，其包含的原料以及各原料组分质量配比如下：
进一步的，所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、甘薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、绉皮豌豆淀粉中的一种或以上。
进一步的，所述增塑改性剂为聚乙烯醇、马来酸二丁酯、甘油三乙酸脂、山梨醇、丙三醇、柠檬酸三丁酯、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物、烷基磺酸苯酯中的一种或以上。
进一步的，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂。
进一步的，所述聚丙烯为拉丝级聚丙烯。
进一步的，所述成核剂为山梨醇类透明成核剂、有机磷酸盐类成核剂或羟酸盐类成核剂。
进一步的，所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡、白油、氧化聚乙烯蜡、环氧硬脂酸辛酯中的一种或以上。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种透明生物基片材制备方法，包括下述步骤：
1)、按照如权利要求1-7任一项所述的透明生物基片材的原料配比备料；
2)、将准备好的淀粉经粉碎机磨碎，细化至1000目以上；
3)、将细化好的淀粉加入到高速搅拌机中，再加入准备好的增塑改性剂进行改性，温度设置为60～140℃，搅拌10～40min；
4)、按照配比加入准备好的偶联剂、聚丙烯、茂金属聚乙烯、成核剂以及润滑剂，保持温度与改性时温度一致，搅拌5～20min，然后放出物料；
5)、将放出的物料加入到冷混锅内搅拌10～15min，待物料冷却到50℃以下；
6)、将冷却后的物料加入到双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒；
7)、将造粒后的物料加入锥形双螺杆片材机，经过三辊制成所述透明生物基片材。
进一步的，步骤6)中，所述双螺杆挤出机的长径比为44:1～52:1，机筒各区温度设置为120℃～200℃，机头温度设置为160℃～170℃，螺杆转速为240～280转/分。
进一步的，步骤7)中，所述锥形双螺杆片材机中的挤出机料筒温度设置为180℃～230℃，模头温度设置为170℃～190℃，模头出口大小根据所需片材的宽度和厚度设定。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明选材主料为淀粉，是可再生资源，可以减少对不可再生资源的依赖，而且片材在加工过程中不加入有毒害的物质，不产生有毒有害的气体，整个加工过程对人体和环境无害。本发明通过选取适合原料以及设计各原料的质量配比，制得的生物基片材具有很高的透明度和抗拉撕性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的透明生物基片材制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供的透明生物基片材选材包括淀粉、增塑改性剂、偶联剂、聚丙烯、茂金属聚乙烯、成核剂、润滑剂，所述增塑改性剂可以降低淀粉的粘度，使得物料浆液流动性增加，具有良好的渗透性；所述偶联剂可以提高片材加工性能，使得片材具有良好的抗撕拉性能；所述茂金属催化剂具有优异的催化共聚能力，加快反应；所述成核剂用于加快聚丙烯结晶速率、增加结晶密度和促使晶粒尺寸微细化，达到缩短成型周期、提高制品透明性、抗拉强度；所述润滑剂可以提高片材润滑性和加工性能。通过实验设置各物料配比，使得制得的生物基片材具有良好性能。
如图1所示，本实施例提供的透明生物基片材制备方法包括下述步骤：
步骤S101、按照配比要求准备原料。所述原料以及重量配比如下：淀粉、增塑改性剂、偶联剂、聚丙烯、茂金属聚乙烯、成核剂、润滑剂＝30～60份：0.5～2份：1～3份：20～60份：5～10份：0.1～0.2份：0.5～1份。所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、甘薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、绉皮豌豆淀粉中的一种或以上。优选为甜玉米淀粉和绉皮豌豆淀粉。所述增塑改性剂为聚乙烯醇、马来酸二丁酯、甘油三乙酸脂、山梨醇、丙三醇、柠檬酸三丁酯、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物、烷基磺酸苯酯中的一种或以上。所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂。所述聚丙烯为拉丝级聚丙烯。所述成核剂为山梨醇类透明成核剂、有机磷酸盐类成核剂或羟酸盐类成核剂。所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡、白油、氧化聚乙烯蜡、环氧硬脂酸辛酯中的一种或以上。
步骤S102、研磨淀粉。将准备好的淀粉经粉碎机磨碎，细化至1000目以上。
步骤S103、加入增塑改性剂搅拌。将细化好的淀粉加入到高速搅拌机中，再加入准备好的增塑改性剂进行改性，温度设置为60～140℃，搅拌10～40min。
步骤S104、加入其他原料搅拌。按照配比加入准备好的偶联剂、聚丙烯、茂金属聚乙烯、成核剂以及润滑剂，保持温度与改性时温度一致，搅拌5～20min，然后放出物料。
步骤S105、冷却。将放出的物料加入到冷混锅内搅拌10～15min，待物料冷却到50℃以下。
步骤S106、造粒。将冷却后的物料加入到双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒。具体的，所述双螺杆挤出机的长径比为44:1～52:1，机筒各区温度设置为120℃～200℃，机头温度设置为160℃～170℃，螺杆转速为240～280转/分。
步骤S107、制片材。将造粒后的物料加入锥形双螺杆片材机，经过三辊制成所述透明生物基片材。具体的，所述锥形双螺杆片材机中的挤出机料筒温度设置为180℃～230℃，模头温度设置为170℃～190℃，模头出口大小根据所需片材的宽度和厚度设定。
在具体生产过程中，各原料选择、原料配比关系以及原料加工条件决定了生物基片材的透明度以及抗拉撕性能。下面列举九个实施例对制备生物基片材进行具体描述，原料组分以及加工条件如下表1-表3：
表1
表2
表3
对上述实施例1-9所制得的生物基片材进行性能检测，结果如下表4：
表4
从以上数据可以看出按照本发明技术方案制备的生物基片材性能良好，特别是抗拉撕性能和透明度，超过现有生物基塑料，可替代透明PP用于各类包装。
所应说明的是，以上具体实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种透明生物基片材，其特征在于，所述透明生物基片材包含的原料以及各原料组分质量配比如下：
2.如权利要求1所述透明生物基片材，其特征在于，所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、甘薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、绉皮豌豆淀粉中的一种或以上。
3.如权利要求1所述透明生物基片材，其特征在于，所述增塑改性剂为聚乙烯醇、马来酸二丁酯、甘油三乙酸脂、山梨醇、丙三醇、柠檬酸三丁酯、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物、烷基磺酸苯酯中的一种或以上。
4.如权利要求1所述透明生物基片材，其特征在于，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂。
5.如权利要求1所述透明生物基片材，其特征在于，所述聚丙烯为拉丝级聚丙烯。
6.如权利要求1所述透明生物基片材，其特征在于，所述成核剂为山梨醇类透明成核剂、有机磷酸盐类成核剂或羟酸盐类成核剂。
7.如权利要求1所述透明生物基片材，其特征在于，所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡、白油、氧化聚乙烯蜡、环氧硬脂酸辛酯中的一种或以上。
8.一种透明生物基片材制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：
1)、按照如权利要求1-7任一项所述的透明生物基片材的原料配比备料；
2)、将准备好的淀粉经粉碎机磨碎，细化至1000目以上；
3)、将细化好的淀粉加入到高速搅拌机中，再加入准备好的增塑改性剂进行改性，温度设置为60～140℃，搅拌10～40min；
4)、按照配比加入准备好的偶联剂、聚丙烯、茂金属聚乙烯、成核剂以及润滑剂，保持温度与改性时温度一致，搅拌5～20min，然后放出物料；
5)、将放出的物料加入到冷混锅内搅拌10～15min，待物料冷却到50℃以下；
6)、将冷却后的物料加入到双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒
7)、将造粒后的物料加入锥形双螺杆片材机，经过三辊制成所述透明生物基片材。
9.如权利要求8所述方法，其特征在于，步骤6)中，所述双螺杆挤出机的长径比为44:1～52:1，机筒各区温度设置为120℃～200℃，机头温度设置为160℃～170℃，螺杆转速为240～280转/分。
10.如权利要求9所述方法，其特征在于，步骤7)中，所述锥形双螺杆片材机中的挤出机料筒温度设置为180℃～230℃，模头温度设置为170℃～190℃，模头出口大小根据所需片材的宽度和厚度设定。
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