CN103958470B - 用于制备溴化n‑乙基‑2‑甲基吡啶鎓和溴化n‑乙基‑3‑甲基吡啶鎓的方法 - Google Patents

用于制备溴化n‑乙基‑2‑甲基吡啶鎓和溴化n‑乙基‑3‑甲基吡啶鎓的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN103958470B
CN103958470B CN201280057461.1A CN201280057461A CN103958470B CN 103958470 B CN103958470 B CN 103958470B CN 201280057461 A CN201280057461 A CN 201280057461A CN 103958470 B CN103958470 B CN 103958470B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
bromination
mepy
picolines
ethyl
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201280057461.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN103958470A (zh
Inventor
I.本-大卫
G.米亚斯科夫斯基
I.科姆帕尼茨
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bromine Compounds Ltd
Original Assignee
Bromine Compounds Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bromine Compounds Ltd filed Critical Bromine Compounds Ltd
Publication of CN103958470A publication Critical patent/CN103958470A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103958470B publication Critical patent/CN103958470B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/06Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/127Preparation from compounds containing pyridine rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/06Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/16Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
    • C07D213/20Quaternary compounds thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/24Halogens or compounds thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供用于制备溴化N‑乙基‑2‑甲基吡啶和溴化N‑乙基‑3‑甲基吡啶的浓的水溶液的方法,该水溶液作为氢/溴电化学电池的电解质中的添加剂是有用的。还提供溴化N‑乙基‑2‑甲基吡啶溴化N‑乙基‑3‑甲基吡啶

Description

用于制备溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶鎓和溴化N-乙基-3-甲基吡 啶鎓的方法
本发明涉及用于制备化合物溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶和溴化N-乙基-3-甲基吡啶的环境友好的方法,容许将所述化合物以高度浓缩的水溶液形式收取。
我们实验室中进行的实验工作显示,溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶和溴化N-乙基-3-甲基吡啶(在本文中分别被简写为2-MEPy和3-MEPy)作为氢/溴电化学电池(cell)的电解质中的添加剂是有用的。该电解质为溴化氢的水溶液。氢/溴电化学电池的运行基于溴化氢的电解、以及电解产物即氢气和单质溴转化回溴化氢。在充电期间,从外部电源供应的电流驱动溴化氢的电解,产生氢气(H2)和单质溴(Br2),其被分开地存储在位于电池外部的合适的罐中。在放电期间H2和Br2被供给回电池并且反应以得到溴化氢,从而产生电能。存在如下需要:将单质溴以可在宽的温度范围内容易地存储和泵送的形式保持,使得其可在不妨碍电池运行的情况下使用。特别地,2-MEPy及3-MEPy与溴化氢水溶液中的单质溴形成稳定的液体络合物;尽管电解质浓度变化(在充电状态开始时,溴化氢的浓度可高达30-50重量%),但是该络合物在宽的温度范围内、在电池的整个运行期内不发生凝固。
在它们最一般的形式中,用于制备2-MEPy的合成路线基于2-皮考啉和溴乙烷(简写为Et-Br)之间的反应,如以下方案所示:
2-皮考啉
Murrill[Journal of the American Chemical Society,21,p.828-854(1899)]描述了其中将反应物一起在回流冷凝器下加热的反应。作者报道了,在持续3或4小时的反应结束时,容许反应物质凝固,并且将产物从乙醇结晶以得到透明、无色、吸湿的晶体。
还在作为溶剂的乙腈中进行了上述反应,如Ploquin等[Journal ofHeterocyclic Chemistry,17,p.997-1008(1980)]所报道的。
考虑到2-MEPy作为氢/溴电池的电解质中的添加剂的效用,将所述化合物直接以可容易地注入到用于电池中的含水溴化氢电解质中并且与其混合的浓的水溶液形式提供可为有利的。现已发现,可在干燥介质(无溶剂的反应混合物)中或者在作为溶剂的水中进行2-皮考啉和溴乙烷之间的反应,以良好的产率和对于2-MEPy在氢/溴电化学液流电池(flow cell)中的应用而言可接受的纯度水平得到2-MEPy产物。因此,本发明提供能够以直接方式提供2-MEPy的含水浓缩物的方法,该方法不存在固态化合物的形成、离析(分离,isolation)和纯化。
本发明的一个方面涉及用于制备溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶(2-MEPy)的水溶液的方法,包括:使2-皮考啉与溴乙烷在压力反应器中在反应混合物的熔点以上的温度下反应;将反应产物与水组合,其中所述反应产物基本上由液体形式的2-MEPy构成;和收取2-MEPy的水溶液。
该反应没有溶剂。最优选地,该方法不涉及固体形式的2-MEPy的制备或离析。因此,根据本发明,将无溶剂的反应混合物加热至优选不低于90℃、且更优选不低于95℃的温度,使得逐渐形成的2-MEPy保持为液体形式,提供容易搅拌的反应物质。将由反应得到的熔融2-MEPy直接与水组合以形成清澈的水溶液。
反应物可以等摩尔量使用。然而,通常优选在所述反应物之一过量使用的情况下进行反应。溴乙烷或皮考啉的过量可最高达50%(摩尔),提供可容易搅拌的反应混合物。但是,通常,溴乙烷或皮考啉的较低过量(例如,在1-15摩尔%范围内)足以使反应便利地进行。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述方法包括将全部量的反应物引入到压力反应器中,然后通过将在密封的反应器中的反应混合物缓慢加热至约100℃而开始和推进反应。然而,通常更优选在加热下在不少于1小时的时期内将反应物之一(或两者)逐渐供给到反应器中,之后将反应器在对于防止反应物质的凝固而言足够高的温度下保持另外的时期(“蒸煮(cooking)期”)。
因此,根据本发明的一个实施方式,所述方法包括向压力反应器中加入2-皮考啉;将反应器密封和加热;逐渐供给溴乙烷(优选以约1-10摩尔%的过量);容许反应在95℃以上的温度下达到完成,以形成基本上由液体形式的2-MEPy构成的反应物质;和将液体反应物质与水组合。
将包含2-皮考啉的压力反应器密封和加热,优选加热至70℃以上例如80-110℃的温度,之后开始溴乙烷的逐渐添加并且容许溴乙烷的逐渐添加持续(优选以连续方式)不少于60分钟。在工业规模上,溴乙烷的添加时期可持续至少180分钟。在溴乙烷的添加完成时,在加热下将反应在95℃以上例如95-110℃的温度保持不少于30分钟,由此完成反应,如通过反应器中压力的稳定所指示的。
在上述条件下,反应混合物(其在溴乙烷的逐渐添加期间由两种不同的相构成)逐渐转变为基本上由液体形式的2-MEPy构成的均匀的反应物质,而不发生产物的凝固。
反应可在惰性气氛下进行以防止副反应。这样的气氛可由惰性气体例如氮气、氩气等提供。虽然该化学反应可在大气压下开始,但是可在2-皮考啉起始材料的引入之后将惰性气体从反应器抽出,使得溴乙烷的添加在低于大气压的压力下开始。
在合成阶段完成时,反应混合物基本上由液体形式的2-MEPy构成,即,反应物质的至少70重量%且优选至少85重量%由所需的产物构成。通过本领域中已知的方法将过量使用的起始材料的任何残留量从反应容器除去,所述方法例如溴乙烷的蒸发;在真空下除去;或者添加水,之后共沸蒸馏。在2-皮考啉或溴乙烷过量使用时可应用后一选项,在此情况下调节所添加水的量以起到两种有用的目的:共沸蒸馏,以及产物溶液的形成。
将液体2-MEPy反应产物与水组合,以形成预期的水溶液。为此,使用去离子水,使得将2-MEPy溶液的浓度调节在40-92重量%、且优选65-90%的范围内。产物以水溶液的形式收集,其可按照本发明直接用作用于HBr电解质溶液的添加剂。
本发明的另一方面涉及用于制备2-MEPy的水溶液的方法,包括使2-皮考啉与溴乙烷在含水介质中反应。应注意,考虑到烷基卤化物在含水碱性环境中的水解(最终导致氢卤化胺副产物的形成),水通常不是胺与烷基卤化物之间的反应中优先选择的溶剂。在本发明情况下,已经发现,当反应在水中进行时,实际上形成2-皮考啉氢溴化物;反应混合物中存在的水的量越大,则副产物的水平越高。然而,已经发现,在2-MEPy产物的水溶液中存在2-皮考啉氢溴化物不妨碍含水浓缩物在氢/溴电化学液流电池中的预期应用。换而言之,在2-皮考啉与溴乙烷之间的反应中使用水作为溶剂容许直接形成2-MEPy的含水浓缩物,其尽管在其中存在2-皮考啉氢溴化物,但是对于用作氢/溴电化学液流电池中的添加剂而言仍是完全可接受的。
在含水介质中的反应是通过向压力反应器中加入反应物和水而进行的。为了保持可搅拌的反应混合物而需要的水的量通常为相对于反应混合物的总重量的约5-20重量%。例如,将2-皮考啉和水以10:1-2:1的重量比引入到反应器中。然后将反应器密封并且加热至从80℃起(例如从80到100℃)的范围内的温度。在该点处,溴乙烷的逐渐添加开始并且在80-115℃范围内的温度下持续不少于60分钟。在已经完成了溴乙烷的添加的情况下,施加蒸煮期,在该蒸煮期期间将反应器在约95-115℃的温度下保持不少于60分钟;之后通过共沸蒸馏将过量使用的反应物的残留量除去,和可添加水以得到含水浓缩物,其典型地除了70-85重量%的2-MEPy之外还包含3-7重量%的2-皮考啉氢溴化物。
以下报道的实验结果表明,化合物溴化N-乙基-3-甲基吡啶(简写为3-MEPy)作为氢/溴电池中的添加剂也是有用的。此外,在这样的电池中也可使用2-MEPy和3-MEPy的混合物。因此,包括使3-皮考啉与溴乙烷在含水介质中反应的用于制备3-MEPy的水溶液的方法形成本发明的另一方面。3-MEPy的制备条件与以上对于2-MEPy所阐述的那些相同。
通过上述方法形成的浓的水溶液形成本发明的另一方面。因此,本发明还涉及2-MEPy、3-MEPy、或其混合物的浓的水溶液,其中所述溶液的浓度为40重量%-92重量%、更优选65重量%-90重量%。由本发明所提供的水溶液是清澈的并且特征在于它们包含“以非固体形式离析的”2-MEPy(或3-MEPy)。术语“以非固体形式离析的”指的是,2-MEPy(或3-MEPy)不是以固体(例如结晶)形式制备的,并且既不是以固体形式转化,也不是以固体形式存储的。本发明的水溶液可包含单独形式的或者混合物形式的2-MEPy或3-MEPy,所述混合物例如其中2-MEPy和3-MEPy之间的摩尔比优选为1:5-5:1、更优选1:4-4:1、例如1:3-3:1的二元混合物。
实施例
实施例1
使用大量过量的溴乙烷制备2-MEPy
压力反应器装有机械搅拌器以及磁继电器和热电偶管。将反应器用氮气吹扫,然后向其中加入2-皮考啉(95g)和溴乙烷(145g)。将反应器密封并且将混合物加热至97℃。在97℃下的加热持续18小时。通过反应器的上部阀门控制过量溴乙烷的蒸馏,之后真空蒸馏。最后,将溶液用去离子水(DIW)(47g)稀释。含水浓缩物的重量为250g并且2-MEPy的浓度为79.3重量%(银量滴定);产率,96%。
实施例2
使用略微过量的溴乙烷制备2-MEPy
压力反应器装有机械搅拌器、磁继电器和热电偶管。将反应器用氮气吹扫,然后向其中加入2-皮考啉(654g),将其密封并且加热至80-90℃。将溴乙烷(774-850g)在92-110℃下在60-90分钟期间缓慢加入。在100℃下的加热持续1小时。加入水并且在减压下将过量的溴乙烷作为含水共沸物蒸馏掉。最后,将溶液用DIW稀释。含水浓缩物的重量为1722g并且2-MEPy的浓度为77.8重量%(银量滴定);产率,95%。
实施例3
使用略微过量的2-皮考啉制备2-MEPy
压力反应器装有机械搅拌器、磁继电器和热电偶管。将反应器用氮气吹扫,并且向其中加入2-皮考啉(662g)。施加真空(0.15巴绝对压力),将反应器密封并且加热至95℃,之后压力升高至约0.4巴绝对压力。然后将溴乙烷(763g)在95-100℃下在120分钟期间加入。在100℃下的加热持续另外的1小时(在蒸煮期结束时,压力为0.4巴绝对压力)。施加真空和干蒸发(dryevaporation)1小时,以除去残留的2-皮考啉。然后添加水(300mL)并且进行第二次真空蒸馏(除去50mL)。含水浓缩物的重量为1605g并且2-MEPy的浓度为85重量%(银量滴定);产率,97%。
实施例4(对比)
根据Journal of the American Chemical Society,21,p.828-854(1899)中描述 的程序制备2-MEPy
500mL圆底烧瓶装有磁力搅拌器、冷凝器和热电偶管。向烧瓶中加入2-皮考啉(116.5g)和溴乙烷(136.3g)并且在回流温度下逐渐加热。在20分钟(47℃)之后,出现混浊。将混合物进一步加热至59℃(回流)并且在回流下加热4小时。将最终混合物(由稠浆料构成)冷却,在此期间固体沉淀并且形成清澈的带粉红色的上部液体层。分析表明,2-皮考啉向2-MEPy的转化率为约20%。
实施例5
在含水介质中制备2-MEPy
压力反应器装有机械搅拌器以及磁继电器和热电偶管。将反应器用氮气吹扫并且向其中加入2-皮考啉(101.3g)和去离子水(DIW)(20mL),将其密封并且将混合物加热至92℃。将溴乙烷(97.9g)在92-100℃下在3小时期间缓慢加入。将混合物在94-100℃下再加热2小时,然后冷却和释放压力。将粗制溶液用DIW(24mL)稀释,并且在减压下将过量的2-皮考啉作为含水共沸物蒸馏掉。最后,将残留物用DIW稀释。含水浓缩物的重量为251g并且2-MEPy的浓度为66.1重量%(银量滴定);产率,91.5%。
实施例6
在含水介质中制备3-MEPy
3-皮考啉
压力反应器装有机械搅拌器以及磁继电器和热电偶管。将反应器用氮气吹扫并且向其中加入3-皮考啉(101.3g)和DIW(25mL)。将反应器密封并且将混合物加热至96℃。将溴乙烷(97.9g)在96-104℃下在2小时期间缓慢加入。将混合物在100℃下再加热3.5小时,在该时间之后释放压力。将粗制溶液用DIW稀释,并且在减压下将过量的3-皮考啉作为含水共沸物蒸馏掉。最后,将残留物用DIW稀释。含水浓缩物的重量为260g并且3-MEPy的浓度为66.6重量%(银量滴定);产率,95.6%。
实施例7-11(本发明)和12(对比)
包含2-MEPy、3-MEPy或其混合物作为添加剂的HBr电解质溶液
为了展现2-MEPy、3-MEPy以及其混合物(以1:3、1:1和3:1的摩尔比)的效果,以与氢/溴电池的两种不同的充电状态(SOC)对应的电解质组成制备12ml样品。该充电状态通过溴化氢和单质溴的不同浓度定义,所述溴化氢和单质溴以合适的量存在于样品中以与所研究的充电状态相匹配:
状态A(在充电过程开始时,即SOC=0%):34重量%的HBr浓度和0.2M的单质溴。
状态B(在充电过程结束时,即SOC=100%):22重量%的HBr浓度和0.2M的单质溴。
在各样品中,添加剂(2-MEPy、3-MEPy或其混合物)的总浓度为0.8M。在制备之后,在进行任何测量之前,将样品在室温下存储24小时。使用以下方法测试样品的如下性质:在电解质中形成固相时的温度,游离溴浓度,比电导率和蒸气压:
1)包含添加剂的氢溴酸溶液的比电导率是在室温下、在向样品添加溴之前测量的。
2)电解质溶液中发生固相形成时的温度是通过如下测定的:将样品从RT(约25-30℃)逐渐冷却至-15℃。冷却方式如下:将温度从RT以0.2℃/分钟的冷却速率冷却至15℃,并且在15℃保持4小时并且之后如此冷却至-15℃。在以下温度:15℃、10℃、5℃、0℃、-5℃、-10℃和-15℃的每一个处,将溶液在恒定温度下保持4小时。该冷却试验在聚乙二醇溶液中进行,直至观察到晶体的形成。
3)络合物相上方的水相中的溴浓度是通过常规的碘量滴定技术测定的。在室温下对各小瓶取样三次。
4)包含添加剂的电解质溶液上方的蒸气压是根据“Vapor pressures ofbromine-quaternary ammonium salt complexes for zinc-bromine batteryapplications”,Satya N.Bajpal,J.Chem.Eng.Data,26,2-4(1981)在20-26℃下测量的。
为了对比目的,还研究了使用溴化N-乙基-4-甲基吡啶(简写为4-MEPy)作为氢/溴电池中的潜在添加剂。
结果列表于下表1中,其中使用以下缩写:
(i)跟在实施例编号之后的字母A或B表示所研究的SOC且因此表示如上所述在HBr和单质溴方面的电解质的浓度;
(ii)符号2-MEPy/3-MEPy(x:y)表示由2-MEPy和3-MEPy构成的混合物,
其中这两种组分之间的摩尔比为x对y。
表1
实施例13
2-MEPy、3-MEPy和其混合物的浓的水溶液的性质
制备80重量%浓度的2-MEPy、3-MEPy和其混合物的水溶液,并且测量溶液的粘度和电导率。粘度使用布氏(Brookfield)粘度计测量。结果示于表2中。
表2

Claims (4)

1.用于制备溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶的水溶液的方法,包括:使2-皮考啉和溴乙烷在压力反应器中在反应混合物的熔点以上的温度下反应;将反应产物与水组合,其中所述反应产物基本上由液体形式的溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶构成;和收取溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶的水溶液,其中所述反应没有溶剂,所述方法不涉及固体形式的溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶的制备或离析。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中反应在90℃以上的温度下进行。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其包括:向压力反应器中加入2-皮考啉,将反应器密封和加热,逐渐供给过量1-10摩尔%的溴乙烷,容许反应在95℃以上的温度下达到完成以形成基本上由液体形式的溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶构成的反应产物,和将液体反应产物与水组合。
4.用于制备溴化N-乙基-2-甲基吡啶或溴化N-乙基-3-甲基吡啶的水溶液的方法,包括在含水介质中使溴乙烷分别与2-皮考啉或3-皮考啉反应,其中所述反应是通过向压力反应器中加入反应物和水而进行的,其中水的量为相对于反应混合物的总重量的5-20重量%。
CN201280057461.1A 2011-09-22 2012-09-23 用于制备溴化n‑乙基‑2‑甲基吡啶鎓和溴化n‑乙基‑3‑甲基吡啶鎓的方法 Active CN103958470B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161537622P 2011-09-22 2011-09-22
US61/537,622 2011-09-22
PCT/IL2012/000348 WO2013042109A1 (en) 2011-09-22 2012-09-23 Processes for preparing n-ethyl-2-methylpyridinium bromide and n-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium bromide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103958470A CN103958470A (zh) 2014-07-30
CN103958470B true CN103958470B (zh) 2017-07-11

Family

ID=47913969

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201280057461.1A Active CN103958470B (zh) 2011-09-22 2012-09-23 用于制备溴化n‑乙基‑2‑甲基吡啶鎓和溴化n‑乙基‑3‑甲基吡啶鎓的方法
CN201280057395.8A Active CN103959533B (zh) 2011-09-22 2012-09-23 用于氢/溴电池的添加剂

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201280057395.8A Active CN103959533B (zh) 2011-09-22 2012-09-23 用于氢/溴电池的添加剂

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2759016B1 (zh)
CN (2) CN103958470B (zh)
ES (1) ES2628312T3 (zh)
PT (1) PT2758373T (zh)
WO (2) WO2013042109A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9905874B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2018-02-27 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Additives for hydrogen/bromine cells
EP2847822A1 (en) 2012-05-10 2015-03-18 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Additives for zinc-bromine membraneless flow cells
WO2014122641A1 (en) 2013-02-07 2014-08-14 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Processes for preparing l-alkyl-3-alkyl-pyridinium bromide and uses thereof as additives in electrochemical cells
EP3204968A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2017-08-16 Eos Energy Storage, LLC Terminal assembly for bipolar electrochemical cell or battery
CN107534177B (zh) 2015-05-11 2021-04-06 溴化合物有限公司 用于液流电池的添加剂
WO2017081678A1 (en) 2015-11-10 2017-05-18 Bromine Compounds Ltd. Additives for a flow battery
CN108172878A (zh) * 2018-02-13 2018-06-15 青海百能汇通新能源科技有限公司 电解质添加剂、电解液及电解液的制备方法
CN114614038A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2022-06-10 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种锌溴液流电池电解液及其在锌溴液流电池中的应用
CN113930793B (zh) * 2021-11-25 2024-04-16 南京先进生物材料与过程装备研究院有限公司 一种利用电化学微通道反应装置制备3-甲基-5-溴甲基吡啶溴酸盐的方法
US11827599B1 (en) 2022-11-09 2023-11-28 Tetra Technologies, Inc. Method of preparing ionic fluids

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6118000A (en) * 1996-11-04 2000-09-12 Hydrochem Industrial Services, Inc. Methods for preparing quaternary ammonium salts

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US404188A (en) * 1889-05-28 Ground-auger
US4065601A (en) * 1976-09-14 1977-12-27 Eco-Control, Inc. Two phase electrolytes used as halogen traps in metal halogen secondary cells and batteries
US4631240A (en) * 1978-12-13 1986-12-23 Tracer Technologies, Inc. Electrochemical cell
US5074973A (en) * 1989-05-23 1991-12-24 Nisshin Steel Co. Ltd. Non-aqueous electrolytic aluminum plating bath composition
JPH1031666A (ja) * 1996-07-17 1998-02-03 Canon Inc 電子メイル装置
JP3821977B2 (ja) * 1999-02-04 2006-09-13 三菱レイヨン株式会社 四級アルキルアンモニウム塩の製造方法
CN102049202B (zh) * 2010-11-03 2012-10-31 厦门大学 一种含氟咪唑鎓盐聚合物阴离子交换膜及其制备方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6118000A (en) * 1996-11-04 2000-09-12 Hydrochem Industrial Services, Inc. Methods for preparing quaternary ammonium salts

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
halides and perhalides of the picolines;Murrill,等;《Journal of the American Chemical Society,》;18991231;第21卷;第828-854页 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2759016B1 (en) 2017-03-29
PT2758373T (pt) 2017-06-01
CN103959533A (zh) 2014-07-30
EP2759016A1 (en) 2014-07-30
CN103958470A (zh) 2014-07-30
WO2013042109A1 (en) 2013-03-28
EP2758373A1 (en) 2014-07-30
WO2013042110A1 (en) 2013-03-28
EP2759016A4 (en) 2015-04-29
EP2758373A4 (en) 2015-04-15
CN103959533B (zh) 2017-05-17
ES2628312T3 (es) 2017-08-02
EP2758373B1 (en) 2017-03-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103958470B (zh) 用于制备溴化n‑乙基‑2‑甲基吡啶鎓和溴化n‑乙基‑3‑甲基吡啶鎓的方法
Forsyth et al. Ionic liquids—an overview
TWI574950B (zh) 用於電化學或光電裝置之含硫添加物
JP5166668B2 (ja) イオン性液体類及び溶媒としてのその使用方法
JP3913474B2 (ja) リチウム−ビスオキサレートボレート、その製造及び伝導性塩としての使用
TW501302B (en) Tris(oxalato) phosphates, method for the preparation thereof and the use thereof
JP4705476B2 (ja) フッ素化合物の製造方法
Dobbs et al. New ionic liquid crystals based on imidazolium salts
EP1862452A1 (en) Molten salt composition and use thereof
CN105026371B (zh) 制备1-烷基-3-烷基-吡啶鎓溴化物的方法及其在电化学电池中作为添加剂的用途
CN102917979A (zh) 氟磺酰亚胺的碱金属盐及其制备方法
AU2001290113A1 (en) Ionic liquids and their use as solvents
Belhocine et al. New ionic liquids from azepane and 3-methylpiperidine exhibiting wide electrochemical windows
WO2003106419A1 (ja) 常温溶融塩、その製造方法及びその用途
WO2010086131A1 (en) Novel tricyanoborates
Shaplov et al. New family of highly conductive and low viscous ionic liquids with asymmetric 2, 2, 2-trifluoromethylsulfonyl-N-cyanoamide anion
TW201223960A (en) Electrolyte formulations containing cyano-alkoxy-borate anions
AU2014201642B2 (en) Processes for Preparing N-Ethyl-2-Methylpyridinium Bromide and N-Ethyl-3-Methyl-Pyridinium Bromide
CN104671224B (zh) 双氟磺酰亚胺盐的合成方法
JP5402634B2 (ja) 精製された含フッ素ビススルホニルイミドのアンモニウム塩の製造方法
US9905874B2 (en) Additives for hydrogen/bromine cells
Kang et al. Halide‐Free Synthesis of New Difluoro (oxalato) borate [DFOB]−‐Based Ionic Liquids and Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals
JP3715436B2 (ja) 塩、電解液及びそれを用いた電気化学デバイス
CN105967159A (zh) 一种利用芳香甲基氨制备双氟磺酰亚胺锂盐的方法
AU2014201398B2 (en) Additives for Hydrogen/Bromine cells

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant