CN103923374A - 一种降低光伏组件产生pid现象的eva胶膜及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种降低光伏组件产生pid现象的eva胶膜及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN103923374A
CN103923374A CN201410124641.8A CN201410124641A CN103923374A CN 103923374 A CN103923374 A CN 103923374A CN 201410124641 A CN201410124641 A CN 201410124641A CN 103923374 A CN103923374 A CN 103923374A
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赵世界
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Abstract

本发明公开一种降低光伏组件产生PID现象的EVA胶膜，其由以重量百分计算的以下原料制备而成：EVA树脂85%～98%，交联剂0.3%～2%，硅烷偶联剂0.1%～1%，抗氧剂0.03%～0.1%，紫外线吸收剂0.05%～0.2%。该胶膜具有良好的水汽阻隔性、抗水解性以及绝缘性，能有效抵抗PID现象的产生。

Description

一种降低光伏组件产生PID现象的EVA胶膜及其制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏组件的封装材料，具体是一种降低光伏组件产生PID现象的EVA胶膜及其制备工艺。
背景技术
随着化石能源日益枯竭和地球环境污染的不断严重，使可再生能源和各种绿色能源得到了越来越多的重视。太阳能发电的使用也越来越普及，太阳能光伏组件就是将太阳能转换为电能的装置。随着太阳能组件在不同环境中使用，人们发现应用在高温高湿条件下的光伏组件长期在高电压作用下组件电池的封装材料和上层玻璃之间出现的离子迁移现象，使得电池表面的钝化效果恶化，导致组件功率衰减。这些引起衰减的机理被称之为电位诱发衰减（PotentialInducedDegradation，PID）。在2010年，NREL和Solon证实了无论组件采用何种技术的p型晶硅电池片，组件在负偏压下都有PID的风险。为了对光伏行业长期健康的发展，光伏组件生产企业都对产品品质加严要求，把PID测试合格作为光伏组件合格的一项附加指标。目前行业内对光伏组件发生PID现象比较一致的认识如下：在湿热情况下，水气通过组件的边框和背板进入组件内部，EVA的酯键遇到水分子后发生水解产生可移动的乙酸分子，乙酸同玻璃的主要的成分硅酸钠反应，产生可移动的钠离子，在电场力的作用下，可移动的钠离子会通过EVA向电池片的表面迁移，通过减反膜破坏了电池片的P-N结结构，从而导致了PID现象的产生。
抗水解稳定剂N，N-二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二亚胺具有可以捕获水分子和乙酸分子的碳化二亚胺基团，在高温高湿的条件下可以将进入组件内部的水分子和EVA水解产生的乙酸分子转化或中和成脲类物质，从而避免了乙酸分子同玻璃中的硅酸钠反应产生可移动的钠离子，从而避免了PID现象的产生。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的一个目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种降低光伏组件产生PID现象的EVA胶膜。
用于解决问题的方案
一种降低光伏组件产生PID现象的EVA胶膜，其由以重量百分计算的以下原料制备而成：
优选地，所述EVA树脂的VA含量为27%～35%，熔值为25g/10min～40g/10min。
优选地，所述紫外吸收剂为二苯甲酮类化合物。
优选地，所述紫外吸收剂为2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮中的一种。
优选地，所述抗氧剂包括主抗氧剂和辅抗氧剂，其中，
所述主抗氧基为β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八碳醇酯；
所述辅抗氧剂为三(4-壬基酚)亚磷酸酯和/或亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯，优选为三(4-壬基酚)亚磷酸酯和亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯的复配物。
优选地，所述交联剂包括交联固化剂和助交联剂，其中，
所述交联固化剂包括有机过氧化物和偶氮化合物，所述有机过氧化物包括为过氧化异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化氢二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷、4,4-二（叔戊基过氧）戊酸正丁基酯，过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯、3,3-二（叔丁基过氧）丁酸乙酯中的一种或几种；所述助交联剂包括三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸二乙二醇酯中的一种或多种混合。
优选地，所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三（β-甲氧基乙氧基）硅烷中的至少一种。
本发明同时提供一种制备EVA封装胶膜的工艺，包括如下步骤：
（1）将所述原料经过混料机混合均匀；
（2）将步骤（1）所得混合料投入单螺杆挤出机里，在90℃经过塑化挤出、拉伸、牵引、收卷制成厚度约为0.5mm的EVA胶膜。
发明的效果
该EVA封装胶膜具有良好的水汽阻隔性、抗水解性以及绝缘性，能有效抵抗PID现象的产生。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例详细说明本发明的各种示例性实施例、特征和方面。为了更好的说明本发明，在下文的具体实施方式中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员应当理解，没有这些具体细节，本发明同样可以实施。在另外一些实例中，对于大家熟知的方法、手段、材料未作详细描述，以便于凸显本发明的主旨。
实施例1
在100质量份醋酸乙烯含量为33%的EVA树脂中加入1.5质量份引发剂2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷，0.8质量份三聚氰酸三烯丙酯，0.3质量份β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯，0.3质量份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮，0.2质量份双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯，0.5质量份乙烯基三（β-甲氧基乙氧基）硅烷，0.5质量份N，N-二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二亚胺经过混料机混合均匀，投入单螺杆挤出机里，在90℃经过塑化挤出、拉伸、牵引、收卷制成厚度约为0.5mm的EVA胶膜。EVA胶膜体积电阻率：2×1015Ω·cm，水汽透过率（38℃/90%RH）：15g/（m2·d），耐湿热老化（RH85%，85℃，1000h）：黄变指数（ΔYI）：1.4。
实施例2
在100质量份醋酸乙烯含量为33%的EVA树脂中加入1.5质量份引发剂2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷，0.8质量份三聚氰酸三烯丙酯，0.3质量份β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯，0.3质量份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮，0.2质量份双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯，0.5质量份乙烯基三（β-甲氧基乙氧基）硅烷，0.75质量份N，N-二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二亚胺经过混料机混合均匀，投入单螺杆挤出机里，在90℃经过塑化挤出、拉伸、牵引、收卷制成厚度约为0.5mm的EVA胶膜。EVA胶膜体积电阻率：2.5×1015Ω·cm，水汽透过率（38℃/90%RH）：14.5g/（m2·d），耐湿热老化（RH85%，85℃，1000h）：黄变指数（ΔYI）：1.4。
实施例3
在100质量份醋酸乙烯含量为33%的EVA树脂中加入1.5质量份引发剂2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷，0.8质量份三聚氰酸三烯丙酯，0.3质量份β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯，0.3质量份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮，0.2质量份双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯，0.5质量份乙烯基三（β-甲氧基乙氧基）硅烷，1质量份N，N-二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二亚胺经过混料机混合均匀，投入单螺杆挤出机里，在90℃经过塑化挤出、拉伸、牵引、收卷制成厚度约为0.5mm的EVA胶膜。EVA胶膜体积电阻率：3.0×1015Ω·cm，水汽透过率（38℃/90%RH）：14.6g/（m2·d），耐湿热老化（RH85%，85℃，1000h）：黄变指数（ΔYI）：1.4。
实施例4
在100质量份醋酸乙烯含量为33%的EVA树脂中加入1.5质量份引发剂2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷，0.8质量份三聚氰酸三烯丙酯，0.3质量份β-（3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基）丙酸正十八碳醇酯，0.3质量份2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮，0.2质量份双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯，0.5质量份乙烯基三（β-甲氧基乙氧基）硅烷，1.5质量份N，N-二(2,6-二异丙基苯基)碳二亚胺经过混料机混合均匀，投入单螺杆挤出机里，在90℃经过塑化挤出、拉伸、牵引、收卷制成厚度约为0.5mm的EVA胶膜。EVA胶膜体积电阻率：2.8×1015Ω·cm，水汽透过率（38℃/90%RH）：14.8g/（m2·d），耐湿热老化（RH85%，85℃，1000h）：黄变指数（ΔYI）：1.4。
综上所述，本发明中所涉及到的胶膜具有良好的水汽阻隔性、抗水解性以及绝缘性，能有效抵抗PID现象的产生。
虽然已经参照以上实施方式说明了本发明，但是，应该理解的是本发明不限于所公开的实施方式。所附权利要求书的范围应在最宽泛的范围内进行解释，以涵盖所有变型、等同结构和功能。

Claims (8)

1.一种降低光伏组件产生PID现象的EVA胶膜，其特征在于：其由以重量百分计算的以下原料制备而成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的EVA封装胶膜，其特征在于，所述EVA树脂的VA含量为27%～35%，熔值为25g/10min～40g/10min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的EVA封装胶膜，其特征在于，所述紫外吸收剂为二苯甲酮类化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的EVA封装胶膜，其特征在于，所述紫外吸收剂为2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的EVA封装胶膜，其特征在于，所述抗氧剂包括主抗氧剂和辅抗氧剂，其中，
所述主抗氧基为β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八碳醇酯；
所述辅抗氧剂为三(4-壬基酚)亚磷酸酯和/或亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯，优选为三(4-壬基酚)亚磷酸酯和亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯的复配物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的EVA封装胶膜，其特征在于，所述交联剂包括交联固化剂和助交联剂，其中，
所述交联固化剂包括有机过氧化物和偶氮化合物，所述有机过氧化物包括为过氧化异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化氢二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷、4,4-二（叔戊基过氧）戊酸正丁基酯，过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯、3,3-二（叔丁基过氧）丁酸乙酯中的一种或几种；所述助交联剂包括三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸二乙二醇酯中的一种或多种混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的EVA封装胶膜，其特征在于，所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三（β-甲氧基乙氧基）硅烷中的至少一种。
8.一种制备如权利要求1至7任一项所述的EVA封装胶膜的工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将所述原料经过混料机混合均匀；
（2）将步骤（1）所得混合料投入单螺杆挤出机里，在90℃经过塑化挤出、拉伸、牵引、收卷制成厚度约为0.5mm的EVA胶膜。
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