CN103922781A - Process for firing metal and celadon in combined way - Google Patents
Process for firing metal and celadon in combined way Download PDFInfo
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- CN103922781A CN103922781A CN201410120554.5A CN201410120554A CN103922781A CN 103922781 A CN103922781 A CN 103922781A CN 201410120554 A CN201410120554 A CN 201410120554A CN 103922781 A CN103922781 A CN 103922781A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for firing metal and celadon in a combined way. The process comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing a celadon green body; (2) firing the celadon green body by using an oxidizing flame to solidify the celadon green body; (3) applying a dull black glaze on the decorative area of the solidified celadon green body, and applying a celadon glaze on a non-decorative area; (4) firing the celadon green body in a 1290-1330 DEG C kiln for 10-12 hours, and then cooling to kiln temperature lower than 100 DEG C for drawing; (5) uniformly mixing metal powder, frankincense oil and camphor oil, and then coating on the dull black glaze surface of the celadon green body; (6) firing the celadon green body in a kiln with temperature at least higher than the melting point of the metal powder for 5-9 hours, and then cooling till the kiln temperature is lower than 100 DEG for drawing to obtain the celadon decorated with the metal. According to the process disclosed by the invention, two materials, namely the metal and the celadon which are different in property, are combined together, and a metal layer is uniform in texture and full in color and luster without being dropped and faded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to porcelain manufacture technology field, be specifically related to a kind of metal and be combined the technique of firing with celadon.
Background technology
More kiln celadon originates from Wei Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties periods, through archaeological investigation, proves, Ningbo and the Physicians in Shaoxing Area in its Shi Zhejiang Province, the main place of production, in the archaeology kiln site in these areas, retaining abundant ceramic remnants.Pottery is at that time not only sturdy and durable, and quality is higher, has acid and alkali-resistance, contains food not spoiled, the features such as easy washing.
Porcelain surface is moist, moistens like beautiful, and look is translucent, be rich in aesthetic feeling, therefore, there is the good reputation in " pottery epoch ", the Eastern Han Dynasty's later stage period in the Six Dynasties, the technology of firing celadon is mature on the whole, and start to develop rapidly, the Northern and Southern Dynasties of the Jing Sanguo Two Jins, the burning techniques of celadon is further developed, the region of porcelain making industry from south to north, almost spreads all over the whole nation.
It is quartzy, feldspar and clay that the raw material of making celadon has a variety of, basic raw materials, china clay ore through selected, eluriate, pulverize, mix, stir, except multiple working procedures such as irony, press filtration, old, pugging mullerings after, obtain can be used for making the base mud of porcelain.
The fabrication processing of porcelain is complicated, and step is various, most crucial five operations such as throwing, sharp base, decoration, glazing and dress burning that comprise.
Throwing is the initial period of moulding, is the base mud preparing is placed on base car, with wheel forming method processed, makes the blank with definite shape and size.
Profit base be utilize instrument by the uneven crude green body of thick thick injustice, specification after billet withdrawing technology through twice rotary cut, make thickness suitable, the same outside and inside.
Decoration is that mold is decorated and painted line, and the method for drawing base has multiple, and such as carving, draw, seal, sculpture etc., delineation decorative pattern need to will be done when not dry and carry out with speciality tools such as bamboo cuttves at mold, and stamp or sculpture need wet and carry out at base mud.
Glazing is decorates complete mold glazing, makes any surface finish of porcelain fine and smooth.
Dress burns last one critical process of making for porcelain, and the saggar that base is housed into is placed on kiln bed, burns to 1270～1300 ℃, and cooling kiln discharge, obtains porcelain.
In prior art, porcelain kind is a lot, but is mostly single material, is combined seldom with all the other materials.Cloisonne technique combines process for copper processed with porcelain firing process, but be the combination of process for copper and glaze handicraft in essence, to use again copper wire on copper tire after moulding with copper tire, with glaze, be filled in copper wire seam, sintering polishing forms repeatedly again, be not real copper is combined with porcelain, have certain limitation to be difficult to form large-scale mass production yet.
Granted publication number is for the patent of invention document of CN101580404B discloses a kind of making method of copper-plated porcelain, and comprising the steps: that (1) makes respectively needs brass work and the porcelain unpainted clay idol of combination stand-by; (2) with the precoated sand of resistance to 2000 ℃ of high temperature, brass work is wrapped up; (3) remove the precoated sand of brass work and porcelain body connecting portion; (4) brass work is connected with unpainted clay idol, the brass work that has made to remove precoated sand is partially embedded in unpainted clay idol; (5) after unpainted clay idol is dry, send into and in kiln, be fired into porcelain; (6) the precoated sand of removing brass work surface after the porcelain of firing is cooling obtains required copper-plated porcelain.
The method that this invention provides is that brass work and chinaware article are combined into copper-plated porcelain, does not realize the real fusion of metal and porcelain, is not easy to realize at porcelain surface arbitrary portion to carry out metal finishing.
Because the firing temperature of porcelain is higher, be greater than the fusing point of the metals such as common gold and silver, copper, therefore, metal and porcelain are put together to fire be very difficult, existing technique is mostly that damascene is entered in porcelain, after long-time use, metal easily comes off.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of metal and be combined the technique of firing with celadon, can realize the complete combination of metal and celadon, and metal color is balanced, can not come off and fade.
Metal is combined a technique of firing with celadon, comprise the steps:
(1) prepare celadon base substrate.
Adopt celadon manufacture craft of the prior art, obtain celadon base substrate, this celadon base substrate refers to through pugging, throwing, airing, repaired biscuit and after decorating, not yet carry out the celadon base substrate of biscuiting, as the blank of porcelain in the finished product, the moulding of all porcelain part and paint line ornamental work and all complete in this step.
(2) with oxydizing flame, fire celadon base substrate, make celadon base substrate fixed.
The firing temperature of described step (2) is 800～850 ℃, and the firing time is 4～6 hours.Preferably, the firing temperature of described step (2) is 820～850 ℃, and the firing time is 4～6 hours.Further preferably, the firing temperature of described step (2) is 820 ℃, and the firing time is 4～6 hours.
Namely biscuiting of the prior art of step (2), the described firing time does not comprise the time of temperature rise period, and biscuiting can improve the intensity of base substrate, and while making glazing, base substrate water suction can be out of shape.
(3) outside surface at fixed celadon base substrate marks off the non-ornamental area that needs the ornamental area of decorative metal and do not need decorative metal, at ornamental area, imposes mat black glaze, at non-ornamental area, imposes celadon glaze.
One of step (3) is committed step of the present invention, when dividing ornamental area and non-ornamental area, can choose at random as required, for example, dapple region is divided into ornamental area, does not have dapple region to be divided into non-ornamental area; Also can utilize the division of ornamental area and non-ornamental area to be combined into decorative pattern.
Mat black glaze can adopt prior art, the main component of mat black glaze is triphane, lime, bone ash etc., use the object of mat black glaze to be to make the billet surface of ornamental area more to compact plain, increase heat-resisting ability and the thermostability of ornamental area, being combined better with base substrate, is further decorative metal paving filling bottom colour.
Celadon glaze adopts prior art, and according to selecting suitable celadon glaze, the coating of mat black glaze and celadon glaze can adopt prior art, such as: brushing glazing, glaze spraying etc.; The coating thickness of mat black glaze and celadon glaze does not have particular requirement.
(4) by step (3) gained celadon base substrate in the kiln of 1290～1330 ℃, fire 10～12 hours (this firing time does not comprise the time of temperature rise period), be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges.
As preferably, firing according to kiln temperature difference of described step (4) is divided into two stages, during in kiln temperature≤950 ℃, adopts oxydizing flame; In the time of kiln temperature >950 ℃, adopt reducing flame.
In sintering process, celadon base substrate generation series of physical, chemical transformation, assembled and become crystal grain combination by powdery granule, obtains having the product of required physics, mechanical property,
The height of firing temperature directly affects pattern and the quantity of composition and quantity and the pore of grain-size, liquid phase, and when firing, flame has different character at different times.
Oxydizing flame refers to the flame of complete combustion of fuel, and flame perfect combustion must have a large amount of air supplies, and at this moment the oxygen in kiln is sufficient, and CO is less, can make the discharge of all evaporating and volatilize of moisture in base substrate and all organism.
Reducing flame refers to unburnt flame, the CO at this moment producing in kiln and H
2more, do not have or few free oxygen, reducing flame can make the high price iron (Fe in base substrate
2o
3), obtain fully reduction and become iron protoxide (FeO), become cyan.
After having fired, through the naturally cooling of 8～10 hours, kiln temperature can be brought down below 100 ℃ and open kiln.
(5), after metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil are mixed, be coated in the mat black glaze surface of step (4) gained celadon base substrate.
Olibanum oil is by the olive subject plant frankincense balsamic acid that (Boswellia carterii Birdw and other Boswellia carteriis belong to kind), trunk oozed out, through wet distillation, obtain, olibanum oil is for painting porcelain one of the main oil plant of mixing colours, character is soft and moist, there is certain viscosity, be not easy to do, and can not affect Yellow Pigment, in the present invention, olibanum oil mainly plays dilution mediation effect, make metal-powder, the mixture that olibanum oil and camphor oil obtain after mixing has suitable viscosity, when this mixture is coated on mat black glaze surface, can maintain uniformly and adhere to, can arbitrarily not flow.
Camphor oil be camphor tree leaf or small-sized limb through refining processing, distillation and a kind of spices of obtaining, in the present invention, after camphor oil volatilization, metal-powder is fixed is attached to mat black glaze surface, and metal-powder can not be combined into piece, combine together with celadon, combination completely, can not come off and fade.
In the present invention, owing to having adopted the fill out bottom material of mat black glaze as metal-powder, and use olibanum oil and camphor oil, can make metal-powder well adhere to fixed, in sintering process, do not assembled integrated bulk, can evenly be attached to well the surface of celadon.
The mixture of metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil can adopt existing coating processes to be coated to the surface of mat black glaze, for example adopt brush to brush equably on mat black glaze surface, the thickness applying can be selected according to needs, by changing the thickness of coating, can change color and luster and the thick and heavy sense of metal in finished product.
The ratio of metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil is most important, is after guaranteeing to have fired, and can access the key of even metallic coating, and as preferably, in described step (5), the weight ratio of metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil is 10:1～3:0.5～2.Further preferably, in described step (5), the weight ratio of metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil is 10:2～3:1～2.
The particle diameter of metal-powder is excessive, and granular sensation is heavier; The particle diameter of metal-powder is too small, easily reunites, and preferably, in described step (5), the particle diameter of metal-powder is 500～800 orders (25～18um).
(6) by step (5) gained celadon base substrate in temperature is at least greater than the kiln of metal-powder fusing point, fire 5～9 hours, be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges, obtain decorating the celadon have metal.
Metal-powder in described step (5) is copper powder or bronze.When step (6) is fired, need to make the metal powders melt film forming of condensing, therefore, firing temperature at least should be greater than the fusing point of respective metal powder, generally higher than 5～30 ℃ of metal-powder fusing points.
If apply various metals on same celadon simultaneously, can select the metal that fusing point is more close, be convenient to the selection of sintering temperature, if the melting point metal of selecting differs greatly, can be determined by experiment suitable firing temperature, also can pass through repeating step (5) and step (6), successively the different metal of sintering (order is to the lower metal of fusing point by the higher metal of fusing point) on celadon.
In sintering procedure, olibanum oil and camphor oil not with mat black glaze and celadon glaze generation chemical reaction, mat black glaze can improve the adhesion property of metal, and metal and celadon are combined completely, can not come off.
Described step (6) adopts oxydizing flame to fire.If adopt reducing flame to fire, can cause the difference of metal color.Cooling cooling under state of nature.
The method that in this step (6), the mode of control oxydizing flame is fired middle control oxydizing flame with celadon is identical, key of the present invention is that celadon and metal bi-material are combined, therefore, but with regard to the manufacture craft of celadon part, can adopt prior art, for example, while firing celadon, the air pressure in kiln, heat-up rate, soaking time etc.
Metal provided by the invention is combined the technique of firing with celadon, metal and the totally different material of these two kinds of character of celadon can be combined, and at the optional position on celadon surface decorative metal layer, and metal level quality homogeneous, color and luster is full, can not come off and fade.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With copper, be combined with celadon and fire as example, make and decorate the celadon that has copper, comprise the steps:
(1), according to celadon manufacture craft, through techniques such as pugging, throwing, airing, repaired biscuit, decorations, make celadon base substrate;
(2) with 820 ℃ of oxydizing flame, fire celadon base substrate 5 hours, make celadon base substrate fixed;
(3) outside surface at fixed celadon base substrate marks off the non-ornamental area that needs the ornamental area of decorative metal and do not need decorative metal, at ornamental area, impose mat black glaze (Jing Dezhen Pei Yintang ceramic glaze company limited, yn016), at non-ornamental area, impose celadon glaze;
(4) by step (3) gained celadon base substrate in the kiln of 1300 ℃, fire 11 hours, be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges;
Firing according to kiln temperature difference of this step is divided into two stages, during in kiln temperature≤950 ℃, adopts oxydizing flame; In the time of kiln temperature >950 ℃, adopt reducing flame;
(5), after copper powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil are mixed, be coated in the mat black glaze surface of step (4) gained celadon base substrate; The particle diameter of copper powder is 600 orders, and the weight ratio of copper powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil is 10:2:1;
(6) by step (5) gained celadon base substrate in 1100 ℃ of kilns, adopt oxydizing flame to fire 7 hours, be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges, obtain decorating the celadon that has copper.
In the present invention as without special, indicate, the firing time does not all comprise the heating-up time.
Embodiment 2
With gold, be combined fire as example with celadon, making to decorate has golden celadon, comprises the steps:
(1), according to celadon manufacture craft, through techniques such as pugging, throwing, airing, repaired biscuit, decorations, make celadon base substrate;
(2) with 820 ℃ of oxydizing flame, fire celadon base substrate 5 hours, make celadon base substrate fixed;
(3) outside surface at fixed celadon base substrate marks off the non-ornamental area that needs the ornamental area of decorative metal and do not need decorative metal, at ornamental area, impose mat black glaze (Jing Dezhen Pei Yintang ceramic glaze company limited, yn016), at non-ornamental area, impose celadon glaze;
(4) by step (3) gained celadon base substrate in the kiln of 1300 ℃, fire 11 hours, be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges;
Firing according to kiln temperature difference of this step is divided into two stages, during in kiln temperature≤950 ℃, adopts oxydizing flame; In the time of kiln temperature >950 ℃, adopt reducing flame;
(5), after bronze, olibanum oil and camphor oil are mixed, be coated in the mat black glaze surface of step (4) gained celadon base substrate; The particle diameter of bronze is 600 orders, and the weight ratio of bronze, olibanum oil and camphor oil is 10:2:1;
(6) by step (5) gained celadon base substrate in 1100 ℃ of kilns, adopt oxydizing flame to fire 8 hours, be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges, obtain decorating and have golden celadon.
Claims (8)
1. metal is combined a technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) prepare celadon base substrate;
(2) with oxydizing flame, fire celadon base substrate, make celadon base substrate fixed;
(3) outside surface at fixed celadon base substrate marks off the non-ornamental area that needs the ornamental area of decorative metal and do not need decorative metal, at ornamental area, imposes mat black glaze, at non-ornamental area, imposes celadon glaze;
(4) by step (3) gained celadon base substrate in the kiln of 1290～1330 ℃, fire 10～12 hours, be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges;
(5), after metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil are mixed, be coated in the mat black glaze surface of step (4) gained celadon base substrate;
(6) by step (5) gained celadon base substrate in temperature is at least greater than the kiln of metal-powder fusing point, fire 5～9 hours, be then cooled to kiln temperature and be less than 100 ℃ of kiln discharges, obtain decorating the celadon have metal.
2. metal as claimed in claim 1 is combined the technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, the firing temperature of described step (2) is 800～850 ℃, and the firing time is 4～6 hours.
3. metal as claimed in claim 1 is combined the technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, firing according to kiln temperature difference of described step (4) is divided into two stages, during in kiln temperature≤950 ℃, adopts oxydizing flame; In the time of kiln temperature >950 ℃, adopt reducing flame.
4. metal as claimed in claim 1 is combined the technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), the weight ratio of metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil is 10:1～3:0.5～2.
5. metal as claimed in claim 1 is combined the technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), the weight ratio of metal-powder, olibanum oil and camphor oil is 10:2～3:1～2.
6. metal as claimed in claim 1 is combined the technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), the particle diameter of metal-powder is 500～800 orders.
7. metal as claimed in claim 1 is combined the technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, the metal-powder in described step (5) is copper powder or bronze.
8. metal as claimed in claim 1 is combined the technique of firing with celadon, it is characterized in that, described step (6) adopts oxydizing flame to fire.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN104761294A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-08 | 马健 | Technology for embedding metal into blue and white porcelain |
| CN106810297A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-09 | 佛山坤成科技有限公司 | A kind of surface has highlighted and dumb light noble metal gloss Ceramic Tiles production technologies |
| CN112624802A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-09 | 河南梦祥纯银制品有限公司 | Ceramic silver burner and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN113943938A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-18 | 杭州玺匠文化创意股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process of blue and white porcelain copper artware |
| CN116535248A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-08-04 | 广东天弼陶瓷有限公司 | Polished glazed hole stone brick with metallic luster and strong third dimension and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104761294A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-08 | 马健 | Technology for embedding metal into blue and white porcelain |
| CN106810297A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-09 | 佛山坤成科技有限公司 | A kind of surface has highlighted and dumb light noble metal gloss Ceramic Tiles production technologies |
| CN106810297B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-02-14 | 佛山金意绿能新材科技有限公司 | Production process of ceramic tile with high-brightness matte surface and precious metal luster |
| CN112624802A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-04-09 | 河南梦祥纯银制品有限公司 | Ceramic silver burner and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN113943938A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-18 | 杭州玺匠文化创意股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process of blue and white porcelain copper artware |
| CN113943938B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-10-27 | 杭州玺匠文化创意股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process of blue and white porcelain copper artwork |
| CN116535248A (en) * | 2023-05-23 | 2023-08-04 | 广东天弼陶瓷有限公司 | Polished glazed hole stone brick with metallic luster and strong third dimension and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103922781B (en) | 2015-05-20 |
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Effective date of registration: 20200526 Address after: 312300 No. 399, Yuexiu Middle Road, Shangyu Economic Development Zone, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Zhejiang Yunfa Industrial Co., Ltd. Address before: 312300 No. 399 middle Yuexiu Road, Shangyu Economic Development Zone, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Patentee before: ZHEJIANG YUNFA CULTURE DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. |