CN103917355A - 自行车架、自行车以及用于制造自行车架的方法 - Google Patents

自行车架、自行车以及用于制造自行车架的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103917355A
CN103917355A CN201280053960.3A CN201280053960A CN103917355A CN 103917355 A CN103917355 A CN 103917355A CN 201280053960 A CN201280053960 A CN 201280053960A CN 103917355 A CN103917355 A CN 103917355A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
half housing
cap member
bicycle rack
fiber
bonding part
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Granted
Application number
CN201280053960.3A
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English (en)
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CN103917355B (zh
Inventor
艾哈迈德·阿尔—舍亚布
蒂姆·科勒
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Rehau Automotive SE and Co KG
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Rehau AG and Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K19/00—Cycle frames
    • B62K19/02—Cycle frames characterised by material or cross-section of frame members
    • B62K19/16—Cycle frames characterised by material or cross-section of frame members the material being wholly or mainly of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/547—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles, e.g. endless tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K19/00—Cycle frames
    • B62K19/18—Joints between frame members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K19/00—Cycle frames
    • B62K19/30—Frame parts shaped to receive other cycle parts or accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
    • B29C51/145—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets having at least one layer of textile or fibrous material combined with at least one plastics layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3091—Bicycles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种自行车架，该自行车架由至少一个半壳体(1)形成，所述半壳体(1)由至少部分地被纤维增强的热塑性材料形成。根据本发明，提供一种盖元件(2)，所述盖元件(2)至少部分地连接到半壳体(1)并优选将其封闭。本发明还涉及一种用于制造自行车架的方法。

Description

自行车架、自行车以及用于制造自行车架的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自行车架以及用于制造自行车架的方法。
背景技术
使用金属或硬质塑料、通过缠绕处理得到的纤维增强材料或多种不同管状部分通过复杂的手工劳动来制造自行车架，这是公知的。
DE3804342C2公开一种自行车架以及与之关联的前轮轴叉(fork)，两者均由高压模铸轻质金属或高压模铸热塑性塑料制成。
DE19640955A1公开一种用于制造自行车架的中空体轮廓的方法，该中空体轮廓构造为使用多个壳状元件构造的复合体。同样，DE69213007T公开一种由聚合物材料制成的自行车架的制造方法。US6340509B1公开一种包含增强纤维的复合自行车架。
此外，过去已经尝试通过塑料注塑成型工艺完全由热塑性材料生产自行车架。不过，虽然此处对应的周期时间(cycle times)比硬质塑料的低数个数量级，但是基于塑料注塑成型工艺可以获得的适中(modest)最大壁厚度(几厘米或几毫米)的缘故，这样的自行车架的机械性能不足。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种自行车架，与现有技术相比，该自行车架提供经济性制造工艺以及改善的机械性能。
根据本发明，这个目的是通过一种自行车架实现的，该自行车架由至少一个半壳体和盖元件获得，半壳体由至少部分地(in regions)纤维增强的热塑性材料形成，盖元件至少部分地连接到半壳体，并优选封闭所述半壳体。半壳体可以通过压制工艺、热成型工艺(升高的温度下的深拉伸工艺)或通过在比硬质塑料材料短的周期时间内使用热塑性材料在注塑成型模具中一体成型而以简单且合算的方式来制造。
盖元件优选以至少实质上与半壳体镜面对称的方式形成。具体而言，附加元件的紧固差异会产生镜像对称的轻微偏差，例如制动系统的部件可能只需要经由自行车架的一侧，即盖元件侧或半壳体侧，由此使得以示例性的方式导致与镜像配置有关的前述偏差的出现。
优选半壳体和盖元件通过叠置(overlapping)和/或相互紧靠的接合部分彼此连接。此处，接合部分优选作为平坦面配置在半壳体或盖元件的周边区域。
至少一个能够被供电的加热元件可以设置在接合部分的区域中，优选加热元件由至少一个金属导体或由至少一条碳纤维形成。在相应的电力供给的情况下，能够被供电的至少一个加热元件提供形成连接所需的能量，所述能量优选地仅局部释放到接合部分的区域中，使得半壳体和/或盖元件的相邻区域不接触任何热负荷或只承担低的热负荷。此处，供电可以通过直接施加电压或通过交变磁场来感应的方式间接进行。在使用金属导体(例如电阻丝)时，由于后者可以在半壳体和盖元件已经彼此连接后进一步用作信号导体和/或电导体，故而衍生出进一步的优点。另外，采用碳纤维提供了增大接合部分的连接区域的强度的优点。
加热元件可通过例如形状匹配连接和/或力传递匹配连接的方式布置在接合部分上。加热元件优选收纳在接合部分内，例如，该加热元件在制造相应的接合部分过程中通过塑料注塑成型工艺中模塑成型在其上或包覆模塑成型在其中。这确保了加热元件总是相对于接合部分处于正确位置。
半壳体和盖元件优选通过粘合剂层和/或焊接连接和/或螺纹连接和/或铆钉连接和/或无钉铆接的方式彼此连接。具体而言，粘合剂层和点状连接(例如点焊连接、螺纹连接，铆钉连接或无钉铆接)的组合，一方面使得盖元件和半壳体之间因点状连接而迅速连接，另一方面通过粘合剂层形成的层状连接使其更耐受尤其是振动载荷。由于半壳体、优选盖元件也由热塑性材料形成，所以相较于由硬质塑料材料制成的自行车架，可有利地使用多种焊接工艺。摩擦焊接或激光焊接特别适合于连接半壳体和盖元件。可选的焊接可包括感应焊、红外线焊接、电阻焊、振动焊接或加热元件焊接。优选在上述所有焊接处理的情况下加入附加材料，同样优选添加纤维增强热塑性材料。带形状的附加材料，即由连续纤维增强热塑性材料形成的带特别适合作为附加材料。但是，相应的带形状附加材料也适于半壳体与盖元件的粘合连接，并且可以作为加固件配置在接合部分的区域中和/或与接合部分粘结到一起。
半壳体和/或盖元件可以具有至少一个U形横截面，与之相邻具有接合部分。此处，V形横截面被认为是尖锥形的U形横截面。这样的横截面几何形状可以以特别简单且合算的方式由本领域技术人员已知的成型处理和/或初始成形处理来制作，而且，在本发明自行车架上具有均匀的张力分布(tension profile)。
半壳体和/或盖元件优选具有至少两个U形横截面，所述U形横截面通过优选布置在U形横截面之间的至少一个接合部分彼此耦合。至少两个U形横截面之间的接合部分，一方面，潜在地增加了可用的接合面积，另一方面，增加了本发明自行车架的刚性。至少两个U形横截面之间的接合部分以与前述由粘合剂层和/或焊接连接和/或螺纹连接和/或铆钉连接和/或无钉铆接连接类似的方式连接。
为了进一步降低本发明自行车架的生产成本，优选半壳体和/或盖元件具有至少一个特别是使用塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上的功能整合元件。功能整合元件是作为加强肋、插入件(优选为金属插入件)、保持元件、保护元件、导电元件、防溅元件、存储空间元件、照明容纳元件、连接元件、介质管、冲击保护元件或螺纹元件插孔(螺钉穹顶)而形成的。作为特别优选的方式，完成自行车所需的其他部件，诸如轮轴或底部托架或转向管容器可以在制造自行车架时已经被整合在一起，由此可以省却附加的接合和/或装配操作。考虑到半壳体和/或盖元件的热塑性材料，该功能整合元件(如果适用的话)可以通过塑料注塑成型工艺而形成在其上。冲击保护元件特别是可使用塑料材料(如果适用的话，使用粘合促进剂)通过塑料注塑成型工艺模塑成型在其上，该塑料材料比盖元件的热塑性材料和/或半壳体的热塑性材料软。冲击保护元件有利地保护了自行车架的表面结构与完整性。
半壳体和盖元件优选共同围成腔室。在腔室内优选设置至少一个电导体和/或至少一条控制线路和/或至少一条介质线路和/或至少一个运动传递机构(organ)和/或至少一个能量存储单元。由于本发明自行车架的结构具有至少一个半壳体，由半壳体和盖元件共同围成的腔室可用于上述元件的路径(routing)和保护。具体而言，上述元件优选被保护以防止天气和污染的影响。
上述接合部分中的至少一个至少部分地被特别是使用塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上的遮盖元件覆盖。此处的遮盖元件发挥双重作用，一方面隔离或保护接合部分以及因此保护部分或整个连接区免受天气的影响，另一方面覆盖从而遮盖所述接合部分的潜在美学负面影响。由于半壳体以及优选盖元件也使用热塑性材料，所以遮盖元件可以特别是由塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上。遮盖元件还可用于连接接合部分。接合部分优选具有在材料方面彼此一致的模塑成型体(例如孔或突出区域)，其中，为了形成倒角，使用构成遮盖元件的塑料材料进行热注射模塑成型、吹塑成型或包覆模塑成型。
半壳体和/或盖元件每个具有不同程度的纤维增强区域，使得该区域的负载能力适应该处的预期载荷。在预计为高负载的区域中，例如在自行车架的底部托架、转向管或上下管的区域中，可采用更密和/或更有负载承受能力的热塑性材料的纤维增强和/或在热塑性材料中具有更大纤维体积含量的纤维增强。
半壳体和/或盖元件优选通过成型处理由纤维增强热塑性有机片材形成。可以通过成型处理由纤维增强热塑性有机片材形成半壳体和/或盖元件的纤维增强热塑性材料。有机片材是含有增强纤维的板状或带状的热塑性半成品(预浸料坯)，其中，可以以与片材类似的方式进行后续的成型工序。在一个上述接合部分的至少部分地被通过塑料注塑成型工艺而形成在其上的遮盖元件遮盖或半壳体和/或盖元件具有已使用注塑成型处理形成在其上的至少一个功能整合元件的情况下，成型处理优选在所需的注塑成型模具内进行。或者，在将此时已经形成的有机片材引入上述注塑成型模之前进行成型处理。
半壳体和/或盖元件使用塑料注塑成型工艺制造，半壳体和/或盖元件的仅一个部分区域或多个部分区域由至少一个纤维增强热塑性有机片材制成，所述纤维增强热塑性有机片材被模塑成型、背面模塑成型和/或包覆模塑成型形成在半壳体和/或盖元件之上。在这种情况下，还包括半壳体和/或盖元件的混合结构，该混合结构具有注塑成型区域和由至少一个纤维增强热塑性有机片材、优选使用成型处理制成的区域。成型处理优选在实际的注塑成型模内进行。或者，在将此时已经形成的有机片材引入上述注塑成型模具之前进行成型处理。注塑成型的区域可具有短纤维增强和/或长纤维增强。有机片材优选形成不同程度的纤维增强区域，使得该区域的负载能力适应该处的预期载荷。有机片材优选配置在自行车架的底部托架、转向管或上下管的区域。有机片材可具有与注塑成型区域相比，更密和/或更有负载承受能力的热塑性材料的纤维增强和/或在有机片材的热塑性材料中具有更大纤维体积含量的纤维增强。
热塑性材料或热塑性有机片材或附加材料的纤维增强可以部分地或整体地包括短纤维和/或长纤维和/或连续纤维。连续纤维可以单向取向或形成织物。热塑性材料或热塑性有机片材或附加材料的纤维增强可以由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、矿物纤维、由可再生原材料形成的纤维、金属纤维和/或由聚合物纤维形成。有机片材可以具有包括至少两层构成的多层结构。此处，玻璃纤维增强层优选与碳纤维增强层交替。此外，优选碳纤维增强层形成自行车架的外表面(可视面)。
热塑性材料和/或有机片材的热塑性基质(热塑性材料)和/或附加材料的热塑性材料可包括聚酰胺(PA)(特别是聚酰胺6或聚酰胺6.6)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、POM(聚甲醛)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)、具有类似的工艺性或高温的塑料材料或上述塑料材料的组合。
用于制造本发明自行车架的本发明方法，包括以下步骤：
-提供至少一个由热塑性材料制成的半壳体，所述热塑性材料至少部分地被纤维增强，
-提供盖元件，
-将半壳体和盖元件部分地连接，优选形成封闭的中空体。
优选通过纤维增强热塑性有机片材的至少一个形成步骤来提供半壳体和/或盖元件。
通过上述方法能够合算且经济地制造权利要求1至18中描述的本发明自行车架。
本发明自行车架可以是自行车的部件、电动自行车(被称为e-bike)的部件、电动脚踏车(pedelec)的部件、电动辅助自行车(motor assisted bicycle)的部件或摩托车(motor bicycle)的部件。
附图说明
下面结合仅仅图示示例性实施例的附图来阐述本发明。在附图中以示例性方式：
图1示出本发明自行车架的一部分的立体截面图；
图2和图3示出处于连接状态的本发明自行车架的横截面图；
图4示出具有两个横截面几何形状的本发明自行车架，该两个横截面几何形状构造为U形并且经由另外的接合部分连接；
图5-7示出具有U形横截面的半壳体的其他实施例；
图8示出本发明自行车架的另一个实施例，其上在连接到半壳体和盖元件之前形成有功能整合元件；
图9示出图8中所示的处于连接状态并且其上形成有遮盖元件的自行车架；
图10示出本发明自行车架的半壳体的内部区域的三维视图；
图11示出本发明自行车架在连接半壳体和盖元件之前的俯视示意图；
图12a-12c示出本发明自行车架的另一个实施例，其具有布置在接合部分的区域中的加热元件；
图13示出本发明另一个自行车架的横截面视图，其具有布置在接合部分的区域中的加热元件；
图14示出本发明自行车架的半壳体的内部区域的俯视图，其上模塑成型、背面模塑成型或包覆模塑成型有纤维增强热塑性有机片材；
图15示出本发明另一个自行车架的横截面视图，其具有布置在接合部分的区域中的加热元件；
图16示出本发明另一个自行车架的部分三维视图，其具有布置在接合部分的区域中的加热元件；
在附图中，相同或具有相同功能的元件使用相同的标号。
具体实施方式
图1示出在由纤维增强热塑性材料构成的半壳体1部分地连接到由纤维增强热塑性材料构成的盖元件2之前的本发明自行车架的一部分，其中，在连接状态，盖元件2封闭半壳体1。半壳体1和盖元件使用碳纤维增强聚酰胺6.6形成。半壳体1具有U形横截面5，与之相邻具有接合部分3a。盖元件2同样具有U形横截面6，与之相邻具有接合部分3b。在连接状态，半壳体1和盖元件2通过叠置并且通过相互紧靠的接合部分3a和3b彼此连接。半壳体1上通过注塑成型工艺形成有加强肋形式的功能整合元件。半壳体1和盖元件2通过成型工艺由纤维增强热塑性有机片材形成。
图2和图3示出本发明自行车架的其他实施例，在此示出每种情况的横截面视图。在图2和图3中，半壳体1被构造成U形或具有U形横截面5，与之相邻具有接合部分3a。盖元件2同样在每种情况下具有U形横截面6，并且与之相邻具有接合部分3b。半壳体1和部分地连接并封闭半壳体1的盖元件2通过叠置并且相互紧靠的接合部分3a、3b彼此连接。在图3中，盖部件2的接合部分3b被构造成在半壳体1和盖元件2处于连接状态时，自行车架具有基本上平坦的外表面。半壳体1的热塑性材料的纤维增强部分地或全部包括连续纤维。增强由玻璃纤维形成，热塑性材料包括PEEK。
图4示出本发明自行车架的另一个实施例的横截面，其中，半壳体1和盖元件2在每种情况下具有两个U形横截面5和6，此两个U形横截面5和6通过接合部分4a或4b彼此耦合。在叠置并且相互紧靠的接合部分3a和3b之外另行构造的接合部分4a和4b扩大了半壳体1和盖元件2借以彼此部分连接的接合面。
图5和图6示出本发明自行车架的其他实施例的横截面。这些实施例在每种情况下具有半壳体1，该半壳体1具有至少两个U形横截面5，U形横截面5通过接合部分4a彼此耦合。在图5中，盖元件被构造成基本上是二维的。在图6中，盖元件2仅具有一个U形横截面6，该U形横截面6通过与之相邻的接合部分3b连接到半壳体1的接合部分3a。在中央区域，半壳体1的接合部分4a以二维模式搁在盖元件2的中央区域，并且同样连接到后者。
图7基本对应于图4的示例性实施例，此处，半壳体1或盖元件2的叠置接合部分3a和3b在自行车架的对应外表面上形成半壳体1的材料厚度的台阶。半壳体1和盖元件2包围成腔室，电导体或控制线路或介质线路或运动传递机构(例如，鲍登线缆)或能量存储单元布置在该腔室内(标号8象征性地用虚线表示)。
图8和图9示出半壳体1和盖元件2连接前后的本发明自行车架的另一实施例的横截面。在连接状态下(见图9)，半壳体1和盖元件2的接合部分3a和3b被其上形成的遮盖元件9所遮盖。遮盖元件9由塑料材料构成，该塑料材料与半壳体1的热塑性材料类型相同或至少与之相容，并且通过注塑成型工艺模塑成型于其上。基于此原因，一方面，进一步保护由接合部分3a和3b形成的接合区免受环境影响，另一方面，提升本发明自行车架的美学冲击性。在半壳体1和盖元件2的接合部分4a和4b的区域中，介质导管7e(例如用于液压流体)、电导体7f以及保持元件7g形式的功能整合元件7形成于其上。
图10示出本发明自行车架的半壳体1的内部视图。半壳体1具有通过注塑成型工艺形成于其上的功能整合元件，并且该功能整合元件采用金属插入件7a、用于容纳例如电能存储单元的存储空间元件7b、加强肋7c以及连接到容纳车座(此处没有详细示出)的元件的连接元件7d的形式。半壳体1具有纤维增强区域，该纤维增强加强到不同的程度，使得该区域的负载承受能力适应预期的载荷。例如，在预期压力高的区域，诸如，自行车架的底部托架、转向管或上下管的区域，采用更密和/或更有负载承受能力的热塑性材料的纤维增强。
图11是从上方(相对于已完成的自行车架)观察对应于图10的半壳体1如何连接到所提供的盖元件2的俯视示意图，该盖元件2被构成为实质上与半壳体1镜面对称。此处，在半壳体1和盖元件2之间其均通过处理而形成封闭的中空体的部分进行连接。由于是部分连接，所以在其间能够相应地收纳后轮的、开放的盖元件2或开放的半壳体1存在于后轮的拆卸区域(即，与转向管插孔相反的端部)。同样可以想到通过另一个额外的盖元件封闭这些区域以免受到天气的影响。
图12示出由纤维增强热塑性材料形成的半壳体1与盖元件2连接的各步骤示意图，其中，盖元件2通过两个相互紧靠(但不一定接触)的接合部分3a和3b将半壳体1封闭。盖元件2被构成为至少实质上与半壳体1镜面对称。半壳体1和盖元件2在每种情况下具有U形横截面5、6(此处仅部分示出)，与之相邻具有接合部分3a和3b。两个接合部分3a和3b是通过减少半壳体1和盖元件2的周边区域的壁厚而形成的。所设置的自由空间13用于容纳布置在接合部分3a、3b的区域并且可被供电的加热元件11。此处的加热元件11由具有热塑性基质的连续纤维增强带形成，所述带的纤维增强材料包含多重碳纤维11b(参见图12a)。随后，对设置在接合部分3a、3b的区域中的加热元件11供电，即使电流流过它(参见图12b)。在这个过程中被加热的加热元件将连续纤维增强带的热塑性基质和两个接合部分3a、3b的纤维增强热塑性材料加热至其熔融温度或更高。随后或同时用力F按压所设置的连接区域(参照图12C)，使得自由空间13基本完全被占据。在焊接区域冷却后，带/加热元件11的连续纤维增强材料确保半壳体1和盖元件2之间的增大的结合强度。
可选地，图12c所示的半壳体1和盖元件2的连接可通过不同于仅焊接方法的接合方法来实现。具体而言，也可以使用胶粘固定的连续纤维增强和/或纤维交织带、或有机片材来实施接合部分3a、3b之间的粘性胶粘连接，其中的纤维增强不一定要由碳纤维或金属纤维形成，也可由不导电纤维，例如玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、矿物纤维、由可再生原料形成的纤维和/或聚合物纤维形成。
图13示出了由纤维增强热塑性材料形成的半壳体1与通过叠置的接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b将前者封闭的盖元件2的另一种连接。盖元件2被构成为至少实质上与半壳体1镜面对称。半壳体1和盖元件2在每种情况下具有U形横截面5、6，与之相邻具有接合部分3a、3b和4a、4b。可被供电的加热元件11被布置在接合部分3a、3b和4a、4b的区域，加热元件11由金属导体11a形成。线状金属导体11a形式的加热元件11布置在两个接合部分3a和3b之间，以形式匹配和力传递匹配(force-fitting)的方式容纳在半壳体1的材料变形或半壳体1的接合部分3a内。此处的线状金属导体11a在接合部3a、3b相对于彼此定位之前被固定于材料变形。带状金属导体11a形式的加热元件11布置在两个接合部分4a和4b之间，容纳在盖元件2的接合部分4b内。此处的接合部分4b通过塑料注塑成型工艺制造，带状加热导体11a在制造接合部分4b的过程中插入到相应的注塑成型模具中，并由接合部分4b的塑料材料包覆模塑成型。通过对两个加热元件11施加电流，在接合部分3a、3b和4a、4b的区域中的半壳体1和盖元件2的热塑性材料被加热到超过熔点温度，实现半壳体1和盖元件2的焊接连接。已作为加热元件11插入的金属导体11a可以随后被用于传导信号(例如，控制能量存储单元)或用于将电传导给用电设备(例如，自行车的照明设备或电动操控自行车的电动机)。
图14示出本发明的另一个自行车架的半壳体1的内部视图。半壳体1具有以金属插入件7a和加强肋7c的形式通过塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上的功能整合元件。加强肋7c优选具有小于10的高宽比。半壳体1具有纤维增强区域，该纤维增强加强到不同的程度，使得该区域的负载承受能力适应该处的预期载荷。半壳体1也同样通过塑料注塑成型工艺制造，半壳体1的仅部分区域由一个或多个纤维增强热塑性有机片材10形成，该纤维增强热塑性有机片材10被模塑成型、背面模塑成型或包覆模塑成型形成在半壳体1上。该部分区域形成上述纤维增强区域，该纤维增强加强到与注塑成型区12(优选具有短纤维增强或长纤维增强)不同的程度。在这种情况下，还包括半壳体1的混合结构，该混合结构包括注塑成型区域12和通过成型工艺制造的由至少一种纤维增强热塑性有机片材10形成的区域。有机片材10布置在适于高机械负荷的区域，例如自行车架的底部托架、转向管或上下管的区域。此处的有机片材10的成型处理可在塑料注塑成型工艺之前或之中进行(即，在所需的注塑成型模具内)。优选在注塑成型处理中，通过将热塑性有机片材局部初始熔融并焊接到或穿过所注射的形成注塑成型区域12的塑料材料，将注塑成型区域12与有机片材10连接。有机片材10可以具有包括至少两层的多层结构。优选此处的玻璃纤维增强层与碳纤维增强层交替。更优选碳纤维增强层形成自行车架的外表面(可视面)。与半壳体1一起形成本发明自行车架的盖元件2(在此处没有更详细地示出)构成为至少实质上与半壳体1镜面对称。
图15示出本发明自行车架的横截面示意图。自行车架由半壳体1和盖元件2形成，半壳体1由至少部分地被纤维增强的热塑性材料形成，盖元件2至少部分地连接到半壳体1并优选封闭所述半壳体1。盖元件2被构成为至少实质上与半壳体1镜面对称。半壳体1和盖元件2可通过叠置和/或相互紧靠的接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b彼此连接，在此处所示的截面图中，半壳体1和盖元件2尚未被完全推入彼此之中(由双箭头所示)。半壳体1和盖元件2可通过粘合剂层和/或焊接连接和/或螺纹连接和/或铆钉连接和/或无钉铆接的方式连接。半壳体1和盖元件2具有U形横截面5、6，相邻于此具有接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b。至少一个可被供电的加热元件11在每种情况下布置在接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b的区域中，加热元件11优选由至少一条碳纤维11b形成。或者，可被供电的加热元件11也可以由至少一个金属导体11a或至少一个金属导体11a和至少一条碳纤维11b的组合形成。加热元件11、11a被容纳在接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b内。半壳体1和盖元件2具有至少一个形成在其上、特别是使用塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上的功能整合元件7。半壳体1和盖元件2具有使用塑料注塑成型工艺以金属插入件7a(在这种情况下为轴承)、加强肋7c和用于容纳螺钉元件(未在此处更详细地示出)的螺钉穹顶7h的形式形成在其上的功能整合元件。作为补充的方式，功能整合元件可以被构成为用于容纳例如电能存储单元的存储空间元件、保持元件、保护元件、防溅元件、照明容纳元件、连接元件、介质管或者冲击保护元件。半壳体1和盖元件2在连接状态下围成腔室，腔室内可容纳至少一个电导体和/或至少一条控制线路和/或至少一条介质线路和/或至少一个运动传递机构和/或至少一个能量存储单元。至少一个接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b可以至少部分地被形成在其上、特别是使用塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上的遮盖元件(在此处没有更详细地示出)遮盖。半壳体1和盖元件2在每种情况下具有纤维增强区域，该纤维增强加强到不同的程度，使得该区域的负载承受能力适应该处的预期载荷。半壳体1和盖元件2通过塑料注塑成型工艺制造，半壳体1和/或盖元件2的仅一个部分区域或多个部分区域由至少一个纤维增强热塑性有机片材10制成，所述纤维增强热塑性有机片材10被模塑成型、背面模塑成型和/或包覆模塑成型在半壳体1和/或盖元件2之上。特别是接合部3a、3b、4a、4b通过塑料注塑成型工艺制造，以保证接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b之间的相互配合的高准确度。该部分区域形成上述纤维增强区域，该纤维增强加强到与注塑成型区12(优选具有短纤维增强或长纤维增强)不同的程度。在这种情况下，还包括半壳体1和盖元件2的混合结构，该混合结构包括注塑成型区域12和由至少一种通过成型工艺制成的纤维增强热塑性有机片材10形成的区域。有机片材10布置在适于高机械负荷的区域，例如自行车架的底部托架、转向管或上下管的区域。此处的有机片材10的成型处理可在塑料注塑成型工艺之前或之中进行(即，在所需的注塑成型模具中)。在注塑成型处理中，优选通过将热塑性有机片材局部初始熔融并焊接到或穿过所注射的形成注塑成型区域12的塑料材料，将注塑成型区域12与有机片材10连接。有机片材10的热塑性材料的纤维增强部分地或完全包括连续纤维。有机片材10、注塑成型区域12和/或功能整合元件7的热塑性材料的纤维增强可以由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、矿物纤维、由可再生原料得到的纤维、金属纤维和/或聚合物纤维形成。有机片材10、注塑成型区域12和/或功能整合元件7的热塑性材料可包括聚酰胺(PA)(特别是聚酰胺6或聚酰胺6.6)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、POM(聚甲醛)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)或上述塑料的组合。有机片材10可以具有包括至少两层的多层结构。优选此处的玻璃纤维增强层与碳纤维增强层交替。更优选碳纤维增强层形成自行车架的外表面(可视面)。
图16示出图14的本发明自行车架的局部立体图，容纳在接合部分3a、3b、4a、4b内的加热元件11由金属导体11a形成。通过对两个加热元件11施加电流，接合部分3a、3b和4a、4b的区域中的半壳体1和盖元件2的热塑性材料被加热到超过熔点温度，实现半壳体1和盖元件2的焊接连接。作为加热元件11插入的金属导体11a可以随后被用于传导信号(例如，控制能量存储单元)或将电传导给用电设备(例如，自行车的照明设备或电动操控自行车的电动机)。
一种用于制造图15、16的自行车架的方法，包括以下步骤：提供至少一个由热塑性材料制成的本发明半壳体1，所述热塑性材料至少部分地被纤维增强；提供盖元件2；将半壳体1和盖元件2部分地连接以形成封闭的中空体。半壳体1和盖元件2通过至少一个形成纤维增强热塑性有机片材10的步骤来提供，其中，半壳体1和盖元件2在每种情况下通过塑料注塑成型工艺制造，并且半壳体1和/或盖元件2的仅一个部分区域或多个部分区域由至少一个纤维增强热塑性有机片材10制成，所述纤维增强热塑性有机片材10被模塑成型、背面模塑成型和/或包覆模塑成型形成在半壳体1和/或盖元件2之上。成型步骤可以在单独的成型工具中或直接在塑料注塑成型工艺所需的注塑成型模具中进行。

Claims (21)

1.一种自行车架，所述自行车架由盖元件(2)和至少一个半壳体(1)形成，所述半壳体(1)由至少部分地被纤维增强的热塑性材料制成，所述盖元件(2)至少部分地连接到所述半壳体(1)，并优选封闭所述半壳体(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述盖元件(2)以至少实质上与所述半壳体(1)镜面对称的方式形成。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和所述盖元件(2)通过叠置和/或相互紧靠(abutting)的接合部分(3a，3b，4a，4b)彼此连接。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和所述盖元件(2)通过粘合剂层和/或焊接连接和/或螺纹连接和/或铆钉连接和/或无钉铆接的方式连接。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)具有至少一个U形横截面(5，6)，与之相邻具有接合部分(3a，3b，4a，4b)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)具有至少两个U形横截面(5，6)，所述U形横截面通过至少一个接合部分(4a，4b)彼此耦合。
7.根据上述权利要求3至6中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，在所述接合部分(3a，3b，4a，4b)的区域中布置至少一个能够被供电的加热元件(11)，其中所述加热元件(11)优选由至少一个金属导体(11a)或由至少一条碳纤维(11b)形成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述加热元件(11，11a，11b)容纳在所述接合部分(3a，3b，4a，4b)中的至少一个之内。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)具有特别是使用塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上的至少一个功能整合元件(7)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述功能整合元件(7)是形成作为加强肋、插入件、保持元件、保护元件、导电元件、防溅元件、存储空间元件、照明容纳元件、连接元件、介质管或者作为冲击保护元件。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和所述盖元件(2)围成腔室，在所述腔室内设置至少一个电导体和/或至少一条控制线路和/或至少一条介质线路和/或至少一个运动传递机构和/或一个能量存储单元。
12.根据上述权利要求3至11中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，至少一个接合部分(3a，3b，4a，4b)至少部分地被特别是使用塑料注塑成型工艺形成在其上的遮盖元件(9)覆盖。
13.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)中每一个具有纤维增强区域，该纤维增强加强到不同的程度，使得该区域负载能力适应该处的预期载荷。
14.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)的纤维增强热塑性材料通过成型处理由纤维增强热塑性有机片材(10)形成。
15.根据上述权利要求1至13中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)使用塑料注塑成型工艺制造，所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)的仅一个部分区域或多个部分区域由至少一个纤维增强热塑性有机片材(10)制成，所述纤维增强热塑性有机片材(10)为模塑成型、背面模塑成型和/或包覆模塑成型。
16.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料和/或所述纤维增强热塑性有机片材(10)的所述纤维增强部分地或整体地包括连续纤维。
17.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料的所述纤维增强和/或所述热塑性有机片材(10)的所述纤维增强由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维、玄武岩纤维、矿物纤维、由可再生原材料得到的纤维、金属纤维和/或聚合物纤维形成。
18.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的自行车架，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料和/或所述有机片材(10)的所述热塑性基质包括聚酰胺(PA)、特别是聚酰胺6或聚酰胺6.6、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、POM(聚甲醛)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)或上述塑料的组合。
19.一种自行车，具有权利要求1至18中任一项所述的自行车架。
20.一种用于制造自行车架的方法，其包括以下步骤：
提供由热塑性材料制成的至少一个半壳体(1)，所述热塑性材料至少部分地被纤维增强，
提供盖元件(2)，
将所述半壳体(1)和所述盖元件(2)部分地连接，优选形成封闭的中空体。
21.根据权利要求20所述的用于制造自行车架的方法，其特征在于，通过纤维增强热塑性有机片材(10)的至少一个成型步骤来提供所述半壳体(1)和/或所述盖元件(2)。
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