CN103890348A - 陶瓷基复合构件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种作为涡轮转子叶片(1)而使用的陶瓷基复合构件,具有构成叶片部(2)和燕尾部(6)的主体部分以及构成平台部(4)的从属部分。构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物(13)中的主纤维由连续纤维组成。主纤维的拉伸方向与施加应力的方向平行。构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物(13)和构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物(15)连接而形成三轴纤维织物(11)。相对于构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物(13),将构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物(15)以成为所期望的角度的方式进行弯曲,在模具中组装并成型为一体,在得到的成型体中形成有陶瓷基质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷基复合构件及其制造方法。
背景技术
喷气式发动机等具有在其使用时施加了离心力等向着一定方向的强的应力的部件。对于这样的部件,除了耐热性以外,还要求特别高的强度,因而,通常使用金属材料来制造。图7(a)是一般的航空器用涡轮风扇发动机的概略立体图。图7(b)是将图7(a)所示的涡轮风扇发动机的涡轮转子叶片的一部分放大了的概略图。发动机驱动时,对于涡轮转子叶片向着叶片部的长度方向(向径)施加了强离心力。因此,涡轮转子叶片通常由Ni基合金等制造。此外,如图7(b)所示,涡轮转子叶片100具备叶片部102、向相对于其主面的垂直方向上伸展的平台部104、以及配置于叶片部102的一个端部的燕尾部106。这样的涡轮转子叶片100具有比较复杂的形状。但通过使用Ni基合金等金属材料进行浇铸,可以比较容易地制造。
陶瓷基复合构件(ceramic matrix composite member)是使用包含陶瓷纤维和陶瓷基质的陶瓷基复合材料(Ceramic Matrix Composites,CMC)而形成的。近年来,期待该陶瓷基复合构件在喷气式发动机部件中的应用。陶瓷基复合构件轻量且耐热性优异,因此,如果能够作为喷气式发动机的部件进行利用,就可以期待发动机的重量的减轻和燃料消耗率的降低。
专利文献1~3提出应用了陶瓷基复合材料的喷气式发动机用部件、其制造方法。具体而言,这些专利文献记载了包含陶瓷基复合构件的涡轮转子叶片。在该涡轮转子叶片中,叶片部通过基质、钎焊材料(ロー材)等粘接在平台部。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:美国专利第7510379号说明书
专利文献2:美国专利第7094021号说明书
专利文献3:美国专利第4650399号说明书
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
在以往的使用了陶瓷基复合构件的涡轮转子叶片中,存在涡轮转子叶片不能耐受向着一定方向的强的应力(离心力等)而损坏的情况。尤其容易从各构件间的粘接部损坏。
本发明以解决这样的课题为目的。即,本发明以提供下述陶瓷基复合构件为目的:即使作为涡轮转子叶片而使用,也可耐受向着一定方向的强的应力(离心力等),难以损坏。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明的第1方式的要点在于一种作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的陶瓷基复合构件,具有构成叶片部和燕尾部的主体部分以及构成平台部的从属部分,构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维为连续纤维,其方向与施加应力的方向平行,构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物和构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物连接而形成三轴纤维织物,相对于构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物,将构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物以成为所期望的角度的方式进行弯曲,在模具中组装并成型为一体,在得到的成型体中形成陶瓷基质而成。
本发明的第2方式的要点在于一种作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的陶瓷基复合构件,具有构成叶片部和燕尾部的主体部分以及构成平台部的从属部分,构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维为连续纤维,其方向与施加应力的方向平行,在将构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物与构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物缝合连接后,相对于构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物,将构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物以成为所期望的角度的方式进行弯曲,在模具中组装并成型为一体,在得到的成型体中形成陶瓷基质而成。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以提供一种陶瓷基复合构件,即使作为涡轮转子叶片而使用,也可耐受向着一定方向的强的应力(离心力等),难以损坏。
附图说明
图1(a)是本发明的第1和第2实施方式涉及的涡轮转子叶片的概略立体图,图1(b)是表示构成涡轮转子叶片的陶瓷纤维织物的结构的一个例子的概略立体图。
图2(a)和图2(b)表示本发明的第1实施方式涉及的三轴纤维织物,图2(a)是其概略侧视图,图2(b)是图2(a)中的A-A线剖视图。
图3(a)和图3(b)是用于对使本发明的第1实施方式涉及的三轴纤维织物变形进行说明的概略立体图。
图4(a)是本发明的第2实施方式涉及的主体部分的纤维织物的概略侧视图,图4(b)是图4(a)中的B-B线剖视图,图4(c)是2片平台部的概略主视图。
图5(a)是本发明的第2实施方式涉及的主体部分的纤维织物的概略侧视图,图5(b)是图5(a)中的C-C线剖视图。
图6(a)和图6(b)是用于对本发明的第2实施方式涉及的纤维织物的变形进行说明的概略立体图。
图7(a)是一般的航空器用涡轮风扇发动机的概略立体图,图7(b)是将该涡轮转子叶片的一部分放大了的概略图。
具体实施方式
本发明是基于下述见解而得到的发明。陶瓷基复合构件具有构成其主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物。该陶瓷纤维织物的主纤维在规定的方向上拉伸(为了便于说明,将该方向称为拉伸方向)。在将陶瓷基复合构件作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的情况下,在陶瓷基复合构件上施加了伴随旋转而产生的离心力等应力。发现,此时如果主纤维的拉伸方向与应力的方向平行,则即使在该应力强时,陶瓷基复合构件也难以破损。此外,在使构成作为涡轮转子叶片的陶瓷基复合构件的多个部分各自成型、在形成基质后将它们粘接的情况下,各部分间的粘接强度变低,容易以该粘接部为起点被损坏。但是发现,如果将各部分成型为一体、在成为一体的成型体中形成基质,则各部分的纤维间的粘结变得牢固,作为整体的强度也增强,陶瓷基复合构件难以破损。
以下,对于本发明的实施方式进行说明。本实施方式是作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的陶瓷基复合构件。图1(a)是本实施方式涉及的涡轮转子叶片1的概略立体图。图1(b)是表示构成涡轮转子叶片1的陶瓷纤维织物的结构的一个例子的概略立体图。如图1(a)所示,涡轮转子叶片1的外形可以与通常的涡轮转子叶片(例如图7所示的叶片)同样。
涡轮转子叶片1具有构成主体部分的叶片部2和燕尾部6、以及构成相对于主体部分为从属部分的平台部4。平台部4向着相对于叶片部2的主面的垂直方向拉伸。燕尾部6配置于叶片部2的2个端部中的一方。如图1(a)所示,燕尾部6配置于例如涡轮转子叶片1的接近旋转中心的端部。在这种情况下,如图1(a)所示,燕尾部6嵌于盘部8中。在使用涡轮转子叶片1时,盘部8旋转。由于该旋转,在涡轮转子叶片1上向着叶片部2的长度方向(向径)上施加了强离心力。
如图1(b)所示,构成涡轮转子叶片1的陶瓷纤维织物具备三维结构。三维结构的纤维织物通过例如将数百~数千根左右陶瓷纤维捆成纤维束后,将该纤维束在XYZ方向上进行编织而得到。具体而言,例如通过重叠多层将纤维束在X方向和垂直于其的Y方向上配置而成的层,在其厚度方向(Z方向)上用其他纤维束进行缝合,可以获得三维结构的纤维织物。这里,本实施方式涉及的陶瓷纤维织物可以是不具备三维结构的织物,也可以是部分具备三维结构的织物。
构成上述主体部分(即叶片部2和燕尾部6)的陶瓷纤维织物具有主纤维。在本实施方式中,该主纤维的拉伸方向与施加离心力的方向大体平行。这里,陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维是指构成纤维织物的纤维中在特定方向上拉伸的纤维群。此外,例如在陶瓷纤维织物具备三维结构的情况下,特定方向是指X方向、Y方向或Z方向。因而,在这种情况下,X方向的纤维束、Y方向的纤维束、Z方向的纤维束中在任一方向上拉伸的纤维束群均为主纤维。如上所述,如果涡轮转子叶片上施加的离心力的方向与主纤维的方向(X方向、Y方向或Z方向)大体平行,则即使施加了强离心力,涡轮转子叶片也难以破损。
此外,构成主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维可以由连续纤维形成。即,主纤维从主体部分的一端至另一端之间没有断裂。在这种情况下,主纤维可以是仅由一根连续的纤维形成的单丝,也可以是捆有多根一根连续的纤维的复丝。如果主纤维在与离心力大体平行的方向上拉伸并且由连续纤维形成,则即使施加了强离心力,主纤维也难以破损。因此,其结果是主体部分作为整体也难以损坏,变得可以耐用。
本发明的第1实施方式是一种陶瓷基复合构件,其为作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的陶瓷基复合构件,具有构成叶片部和燕尾部的主体部分以及构成平台部的从属部分,构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维为连续纤维,其方向与施加应力的方向平行,构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物和构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物连接而形成三轴纤维织物,相对于构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物,将构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物以成为所期望的角度的方式进行弯曲,在模具中组装并成型为一体,在得到的成型体中形成陶瓷基质而成。
此外,本发明的第2实施方式是一种陶瓷基复合构件,其为作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的陶瓷基复合构件,具有构成叶片部和燕尾部的主体部分以及构成平台部的从属部分,构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维为连续纤维,其方向与施加应力的方向平行,在将构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物与构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物缝合连接后,相对于构成前述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物,将构成前述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物以成为所期望的角度的方式进行弯曲,在模具中组装并成型为一体,在得到的成型体中形成陶瓷基质而成。
关于第1实施方式,使用图2、图3进行说明。图2(a)和(b)是表示构成叶片部和燕尾部(主体部分)的陶瓷纤维织物13与成为平台部(从属部分)的陶瓷纤维织物15连接的三轴纤维织物11的图,图2(a)是概略侧视图,图2(b)是图2(a)中A-A线剖视图。
在第1实施方式中,在得到三轴纤维织物11后,如图3(a)所示,相对于构成叶片部2(参照图1)和燕尾部6(参照图1)的陶瓷纤维织物13,将构成平台部4(参照图1)的陶瓷纤维织物15以成为所期望的角度(涡轮转子叶片的情况下为大致90度)的方式进行弯曲,从而得到图3(b)所示形态的纤维织物。之后,将构成平台部4的2块纤维织物15重叠的部分151使用其他纤维束缝合。通过该缝合,可以使陶瓷纤维织物的强度更高。
这里,三轴纤维织物11例如可以通过以往公知的方法进行制造。例如可以通过在将数百~数千根左右陶瓷纤维捆成纤维束后,将该纤维束在XYZ方向上进行编织而获得所期望的形状的织物。
此外,陶瓷纤维的材质、粗细等不受特别限定。例如可以使用由SiC、C、Si3N4、Al2O3、BN等形成的陶瓷纤维。此外,陶瓷纤维的粗细与以往公知的陶瓷纤维相同也可以,例如可以为数μm~数十μm左右。
得到图3(b)所示那样的形态的纤维织物后,将得到的纤维织物在模具(未图示)中组装并成型为一体。模具具有与所期望的成型体的形状对应的内部形状,并分割为适当的个数(例如6)。纤维织物沿着模具而变形,同时被组装。因此,可以在模具的内部使纤维织物成型为一体。之后,在得到的成型体中形成陶瓷基质。陶瓷基质的形成可以列举利用气体的化学反应的方法、利用固体粉末的烧结的方法等。例如,在模具的内部将成为一体的成型体在腔室中暴露于原料气体中,通过化学反应使基质在成型体的表面析出。或者,将成为一体的成型体在浆状的原料粉末固体中含浸,进行烧结。还可以使用其他方法。
下面关于第2实施方式,使用图4、图5、图6进行说明。
图4(a)、(b)和(c)是表示成为叶片部和燕尾部(主体部分)的纤维织物23与成为平台部(从属部分)的纤维织物25的图,图4(a)是概略侧视图,图4(b)是图4(a)中的B-B线剖视图,图4(c)是2片平台部的概略主视图。
在第2实施方式中,在得到图4所示那样的纤维织物23和纤维织物25后,通过将它们缝合连接,得到图5所示形态的纤维织物21。图5(a)是缝合而得到的纤维织物21的概略侧视图,图5(b)是图5(a)中的C-C线剖视图。如图5(b)所示,在图5所示形态中,将纤维织物23和纤维织物25在燕尾部附近缝合连接。
然后,下面,如图6(a)所示,相对于成为叶片部和燕尾部的纤维织物23,将成为平台部的纤维织物25以成为所期望的角度(涡轮转子叶片的情况下为大致90度)的方式进行弯曲,从而得到图6(b)所示形态的纤维织物。
在得到图6(b)所示形态后,优选将2个成为平台部的纤维织物25重叠的部分251使用其他纤维束缝合。这是由于得到的本发明的涡轮转子叶片的强度更高。
这里,纤维织物23和纤维织物25的制造方法不受特别限定,例如可以通过以往公知的方法进行制造。例如可以在将数百~数千根左右陶瓷纤维捆成纤维束后,将该纤维束在XYZ方向上进行编织而获得所期望的形状的织物。
此外,陶瓷纤维的材质、粗细等不受特别限定。例如可以使用由SiC、C、Si3N4、Al2O3、BN等形成的陶瓷纤维。此外,陶瓷纤维的粗细与以往公知的陶瓷纤维相同也可以,例如可以为数μm~数十μm左右。
如上所述进行操作,得到图6(b)所示那样的形态的纤维织物后,将得到的纤维织物在模具中组装并成型为一体。对于成型和之后的陶瓷基质的形成,与第1实施方式的陶瓷基复合构件的形成过程相同。即,第2实施方式的陶瓷基复合构件也是在分割的模具中组装并使纤维织物成型为一体,之后,通过上述方法在成型体的表面形成陶瓷基质。
这里,本发明不限定于上述实施方式,还包括权利要求书的记载所示的、进一步在与权利要求书的记载同等的含义和范围内的全部变更。
产业可利用性
本发明提供一种陶瓷基复合构件,即使作为涡轮转子叶片而使用,其也可耐受向着一定方向的强的应力(离心力等),难以损坏。
Claims (2)
1.一种陶瓷基复合构件,其为作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的陶瓷基复合构件,
具有构成叶片部和燕尾部的主体部分以及构成平台部的从属部分,
构成所述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维为连续纤维,其方向与施加应力的方向平行,
构成所述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物与构成所述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物连接而形成三轴纤维织物,
相对于构成所述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物,将构成所述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物以成为所期望的角度的方式进行弯曲,在模具中组装并成型为一体,在得到的成型体中形成陶瓷基质而成。
2.一种陶瓷基复合构件,其为作为涡轮转子叶片而使用的陶瓷基复合构件,
具有构成叶片部和燕尾部的主体部分以及构成平台部的从属部分,
构成所述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物中的主纤维为连续纤维,其方向与施加应力的方向平行,
在将构成所述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物与构成所述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物缝合连接后,相对于构成所述主体部分的陶瓷纤维织物,将构成所述从属部分的陶瓷纤维织物以成为所期望的角度的方式进行弯曲,在模具中组装并成型为一体,在得到的成型体中形成陶瓷基质而成。
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- 2012-10-10 CN CN201280049778.0A patent/CN103890348B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-10-10 WO PCT/JP2012/076160 patent/WO2013054798A1/ja active Application Filing
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2014
- 2014-04-10 US US14/250,044 patent/US9752443B2/en active Active
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2017
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US11987533B2 (en) | 2016-06-13 | 2024-05-21 | Ihi Corporation | Ceramic matrix composite component and method of producing the same |
CN111795003A (zh) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-20 | 通用电气公司 | 整体式复合叶片和平台 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2767698B1 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
JP2013087663A (ja) | 2013-05-13 |
EP2767698A4 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
US9752443B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
US20170292388A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
EP2767698A1 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
JP6174839B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
US20140322024A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
CN103890348B (zh) | 2018-06-05 |
WO2013054798A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
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