CN103865609B - 通用的合成渗透润滑剂，方法和方法得到的产品 - Google Patents

通用的合成渗透润滑剂，方法和方法得到的产品 Download PDF

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CN103865609B
CN103865609B CN201410004896.0A CN201410004896A CN103865609B CN 103865609 B CN103865609 B CN 103865609B CN 201410004896 A CN201410004896 A CN 201410004896A CN 103865609 B CN103865609 B CN 103865609B
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weight
accounts
solvent
lubricating agent
general synthesis
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CN103865609A (zh
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R·J·斯隆
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BestLine International Research Inc
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BestLine International Research Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种渗透润滑剂，其能够渗透到锈和腐蚀物中。此外，该润滑剂易于渗透金属的结晶表面同时显示出极压润滑，不迁移且耐久的保护。另外，该润滑剂显示出超过8000伏特的介电强度，同时清洁电接点，从而降低电阻以及相关热量。优选的实施方案含有α-烯烃、低气味芳烃溶剂、基础油和高闪点溶剂油。

Description

通用的合成渗透润滑剂，方法和方法得到的产品
本申请是2008年12月18日递交的国际申请号为PCT/US2008/087449，中国国家申请号为200880127051.3，名称为“通用的合成渗透润滑剂，方法和方法得到的产品”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够溶解由氧化和腐蚀性化学品导致的锈和腐蚀物，同时提供具有高介电保护的极压润滑性能的合成渗透润滑剂。
背景技术
在过去几年间，已经开发了很多用以渗透锈和腐蚀物的渗透化合物，但是它们都表现出如果有也很少的润滑性。此外已经开发了很多用于润滑的局部润滑剂，然而同样表现出如果有也很少的渗透能力。在已经开发出的众多产品中，几乎没有产品显示出极压能力。此外，有一些工业产品提供了介电强度的益处。发现所检测的那些产品远远达不到它们的要求。此外，开发了大量清洁电接点以降低电阻和相关热量的产品。同样这些产品极度缺乏润滑或渗透锈和氧化的能力。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种渗透润滑剂，其能够渗透由氧化或腐蚀性化学品导致的锈和腐蚀物，进入到金属的结晶表面，留下具有极压能力的不迁移的持久润滑剂。此外，该产品能够清洁电接点以提高传导率并同时通过极高的介电强度提供绝缘和隔绝。此外当用于铁和有色金属材料时，该产品抵抗包括盐水在内的外部环境。这种渗透润滑剂包含α-烯烃；低气味芳烃溶剂；和至少一种选自由加氢异构化高级基础油和HT剧烈加氢裂化基础油组成的基础油组中的基础油；以及其它组分。还公开了一种制备这种渗透润滑剂的方法。
具体而言，本发明公开的是一种用于渗透和溶解锈和腐蚀物以及清洁金属和除去氧化物，并同时提供润滑包括极压润滑、高介电保护和抗腐蚀性的通用合成润滑剂，其包含α-烯烃；低气味芳烃溶剂；和至少一种选自由加氢异构化高级基础油和HT剧烈加氢裂化基础油组成的基础油组中的基础油；以及高闪点溶剂油。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及多功能渗透润滑剂的用途，其作为一般渗透液用以溶解和疏松由氧化或腐蚀性化学品导致的腐蚀物和锈。此外本发明还能够渗透到金属的结晶表面，留下抵抗进一步腐蚀的润滑膜。此外本发明形成具有极压能力的阻隔膜。此外本发明用作溶剂除去电接点之间的氧化物从而允许最大电流并同时降低电阻及与电阻相关的热量。尽管本发明清洗接点用于降低电阻，但是它也隔离且绝缘电接点以保护它们不受水分及其它可导致电短路和故障的这类元素接触。本发明显示出高的介电强度，同时表现出渗透剂、润滑剂、极压润滑剂以及接点清洁剂的特性。
主要组分
本发明优选的实施例是以下的组合：
●α-烯烃：这是主要组分，其为引入1-癸烯的线性α-烯烃的衍生物，通过聚合和氢化使其与其它单烯烃相区分。它们还称作烯烃，聚合氯化石蜡液体，和氯化石蜡，其碳链长为C12、C14、C12-24、C16-18、C24-30和C20-30，所述氯的重量百分数为21.4%-70%，HCl为4-10ppm以及分子量为273.5-650，和Cl(2)重量分数为20-70%，在25℃下的比重为1.050-1.50，并且HCL的JQD重量百分数为0.20-0.60。这种成分的主要用途是用于润滑剂配方、润滑剂添加剂化合物、极压添加剂配方和金属加工化合物。此外，α-烯烃及其相关产品减少了老化或水分过度积累时燃料中藻类的生长且使燃料长时间稳定，并同时为燃料系统和发动机的燃烧室提供极度润滑。
低气味芳烃溶剂：这是主要成分，其是一种高度精制的低毒、低气味溶剂，理想地用于涂漆、清漆、食品级涂料、粘合剂、稀释剂、冲淡剂、农用化学品、家用杀虫剂、喷淋油/润滑剂的冲淡剂以及专业化学品。芳烃百分数为5-40%(EC-A-G04)，闪点为20-80℃（ASTMD-93）且30℃(+/-)下密度为0.600-0.900（ASTMD-4052）。
●加氢异构化高级基础油或HT剧烈加氢裂化基础油：这种主要组分是一种具有很少或没有芳烃和杂质的剧烈加氢裂化或加氢异构化基础油，其通过原料与氢气（3000P.S.I.）发生化学反应以减少或去除含硫、氮和氧的极性化合物，并且将芳烃转化为饱和环烷烃，从而将重的多环石蜡分子分裂为轻的饱和烃而得到。这可以包括加氢精制或加氢精炼的馏分油。该基础油可用作润滑油、发动机油、切削油、食品加工、药物、工业、农业润滑剂和极压添加剂的主体。这些加入到超低硫柴油燃料的润滑中。
●高闪点溶剂油：蒸发速率为0.11（乙酸正丁酯）的无色均质溶液，且是指从选定的烃合成的石油馏分。其通常是指Stoddard溶剂#3和/或溶剂油，且通常用作家用或商用的清洗溶剂、气溶胶中的溶剂、涂漆、天然漆、清漆和涂漆冲淡剂，并用最多40%的C7-C12饱和脂肪烃和脂环烃混合物进行加氢脱硫溶剂萃取。闪点为40-55℃，苯胺点为60-85℃以及15℃下的蒸汽密度为0.758(kg/L)。该组分有助于溶解氧化物，并且当在气溶胶容器中对成品加压时是必需的。
其它组分
●合成磺酸钙：TBN为100-600的高碱值磺酸钙，其可由C20-C24线性单烷基苯磺酸制备，其主要目的是用于极压添加剂配方，在铁和有色金属的油溶性添加剂中提供腐蚀保护、分散剂以及清洁性，最小钙重量为10.00-20.00%，总碱数为100-600mgKOH/g（ASTMD-2896）并且平均分子量（ASTMD-3712）为800-1200。
●甲基异丁基酮（MIBK）：分子式(6H12)CAS108-10-1，易燃液体。MIBK通常用作乙烯基树脂、环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂和天然树脂、硝化纤维素、涂漆、清漆、天然漆、保护涂料。稀有金属提取和染料的溶剂。此外，其通常用于制造抗生素，干洗制剂的制备和甲基异丁基甲醇的合成。其天然存在于桔子、葡萄和醋中。其是无色的，具有低的沸点，且与水、醇、大多数烃和其它有机液体以各种比例混溶。MIBK的闪点为14℃。MIBK由丙酮经过三步过程制得，所述过程涉及二聚醇缩合为二丙酮醇。进一步，二丙酮容易水合生成异亚丙基丙酮。然后异亚丙基丙酮可氢化为MIBK。MIBK用作变性醇的变性剂并且使其成为快速干燥剂。
●溶剂活化染料：聚合物成色化合物的醇（NAHA）溶液。它们通常用于鉴别燃料和润滑剂的等级或标明用途。它们以粉末和液体两种形式生产，且当引入产品中时是稳定的并给产品留下可识别的颜色。
●溶剂活化香料：HA或NAHA为0.005%-1%的醇浓缩的香料精华。活性组分抵抗细菌生长并且含有分子包封剂（固定剂）以保持选择性香料的使用来掩盖某些化合物的化学气味。
●聚四氟乙烯（氟添加剂）：CAS号9002-84-0。氟添加剂是胶态有机聚合物，当混入溶剂基化合物或施用时是高度防水或耐候的。
优选的混合比例
每种组分优选的混合比例如下所示。重要的是维持混合物中的组分落入下面百分数内。应注意的是，在一种或多种如下所示的成分从渗透润滑剂中省去的情况下，剩余成分的重量百分数按比例增加：
α-烯烃：2-30重量%，优选7.0-25重量%并且更优选9.0-22重量%。最优选为17.0重量%。
低气味芳烃溶剂：2-25重量%，优选4.5-18重量%并且更优选7-14重量%。最优选为9.4重量%。
加氢异构化高级基础油和HT剧烈加氢裂化基础油：7-55重量%，优选10-42重量%并且更优选15-35重量%。最优选为31.5重量%。
高闪点溶剂油：15-60重量%，优选20-55重量%并且更优选25-49重量%。最优选为34.6重量%。
合成磺酸钙：0.05-1.05重量%，优选0.25-0.95重量%并且更优选0.56-0.87重量%。最优选为0.833重量%。
甲基异丁基酮：2.0-25重量%，优选4-16重量%并且更优选5-11重量%。最优选为7.2重量%。
溶剂活化染料：0.002-0.005重量%，优选0.0025-0.004重量%并且更优选0.027-0.035重量%。最优选为0.003重量%。
溶剂活化香料：0.001-0.005重量%，优选0.0015-0.004重量%并且更优选0.00175-0.003重量%。最优选为0.002重量%。
聚四氟乙烯（氟添加剂）：0.012-0.097重量%，优选0.022-0.0925重量%并且更优选0.042-0.085重量%。最优选为0.0835重量%。
优选的组分掺混顺序
初始掺混（主要掺混）需要将α-烯烃、低气味芳烃溶剂和基础油掺混直到液体均匀混合而没有出现任何分离。掺混是基于搅拌器的速度且温度将会指示完成掺混的时间。掺混时间可以为4-6小时。对于理想的掺混，每种组分的理想温度为22-30℃。
在该混合时，在小得多的高速密闭混合器中准备甲基异丁基酮、溶剂活化染料和溶剂活化香料的第二混合物，然后加入到主混合物中。
在掺混的初始阶段，合成磺酸钙将以大约25/75的比率与溶剂油掺混产生第三混合物。（所用的溶剂油将为上述优选的百分含量。）然后可将所述第三混合物，或无合成磺酸钙时单独的溶剂油，连同余量成分，加入到主混合物中，并且运行搅拌器直到组分看起来已经完全掺混为均匀液体。
优选混合设备
该工艺顺序涉及一系列的掺混和容纳罐，在容纳罐里可将产品称重并随后泵送通过控制阀以维持一致的流量和压力。混合应该在密闭罐中进行以减少产品蒸发（损失）并防止直接暴露于火花。掺混设备可以是高速或低速混合设备的组合。罐的尺寸和体积对掺混来说并不关键。
本发明的通用用途
在实验基础上，在极端和苛刻的条件下，对产品进行工业测试。本发明已以各种加工形式和电应用中受到测试，在电应用中例如水的元素是短路的稳定来源，电安全和故障是顾虑因素。本发明作为极压局部润滑剂已进行了测试并且已超过了大部分现有润滑剂的性能。最后在具有极端锈和腐蚀物的应用中对产品进行了严格的实验测试，证明了其渗透和疏松锈和腐蚀物并同时在金属上留下保护阻挡层的能力。该产品已经显示出其对铁和有色金属物质的良好适用性，具有显著的效果，包括对刹车片的保护。
测试程序
该产品在其领域是独特的并且已在TimkenBench测试器上进行了测试，证明超过发动机润滑剂的润滑能力很多倍。当测试时，普通发动机润滑剂在5-7英尺-磅时失效。一般渗透剂在小于2英尺-磅时失效，而本发明超过30英尺-磅的破坏重量。此外，当测试介电强度时，本发明表现出超过8000伏保护的容量。当本发明在机加工、出铁（tapping）以及钻孔中测试时，本发明允许工具在接触和加压位置形成高度精制的面层。
测试结果
由于没有特定的ASTM-D测试规程来测量多功能渗透润滑剂的功能，本发明不得不依赖于所述产品在不用测试领域的应用时的实际结果。
该实验测试已经证明本发明在所有测试领域显示显著改进的能力，该能力达到的程度使得其有潜力在尚未考虑的应用领域表现出积极效果。
虽然这里仅阐述了本发明的一些优选特征，但是很多修改、变化和替换对本领域技术人员是已知的。因此，应理解的是所附权利要求意欲覆盖所有这些落入本发明实质精神内的修改和变化。

Claims (22)

1.一种通用合成渗透润滑剂，其用于渗透和溶解锈和腐蚀物以及清洁金属和除去氧化物，同时提供包括极压润滑的润滑、高介电保护和抗腐蚀性，所述渗透润滑剂包含：
聚合α-烯烃；
低气味芳烃溶剂；
至少一种选自由加氢异构化高级基础油和HT剧烈加氢裂化基础油组成的基础油组中的基础油；和
高闪点溶剂油，其中：
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；和
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％。
2.权利要求1的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：磺酸钙。
3.权利要求1的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：甲基异丁基酮。
4.权利要求1的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：溶剂活化染料。
5.权利要求1的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：溶剂活化香料。
6.权利要求1的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：至少一种氟添加剂。
7.权利要求1的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：
甲基异丁基酮；
溶剂活化染料；和
溶剂活化香料。
8.权利要求2的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：
甲基异丁基酮；
溶剂活化染料；和
溶剂活化香料。
9.权利要求8的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其还包含：
至少一种氟添加剂。
10.权利要求2的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中，
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；和
所述磺酸钙占0.05-1.05重量％。
11.权利要求3的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中，
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；和
所述甲基异丁基酮占2.0-25重量％。
12.权利要求4的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中，
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；和
所述溶剂活化染料占0.002-0.005重量％。
13.权利要求5的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中，
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；和
所述溶剂活化香料占0.001-0.00175重量％。
14.权利要求6的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中，
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；和
所述氟添加剂占0.012-0.097重量％。
15.权利要求7的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中，
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；
所述甲基异丁基酮占2.0-25重量％；以及其中，
所述溶剂活化染料占0.002-0.005重量％；和
所述溶剂活化香料占0.001-0.00175重量％。
16.权利要求8的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中，
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；
所述磺酸钙占0.05-1.05重量％；
所述甲基异丁基酮占2.0-25重量％；以及其中
所述溶剂活化染料占0.002-0.005重量％；
所述溶剂活化香料占0.001-0.00175重量％。
17.权利要求9的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其中：
所述聚合α-烯烃占2-30重量％；
所述低气味芳烃溶剂占2-25重量％；
所述至少一种基础油占7-55重量％；
所述高闪点溶剂油占15-60重量％；
所述磺酸钙占0.05-1.05重量％；
所述甲基异丁基酮占2.0-25重量％；以及其中
所述溶剂活化染料占0.002-0.005重量％；
所述溶剂活化香料占0.001-0.00175重量％；和
所述氟添加剂占0.012-0.097重量％。
18.权利要求1的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其通过包括以下步骤的方法制得：
将所述聚合α-烯烃、所述低气味芳烃溶剂和所述至少一种基础油掺混直到混合均匀而没有出现任何分离，从而产生第一混合物；和
将所述溶剂油加入到所述第一混合物中。
19.权利要求2的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其通过包括以下步骤的方法制得：
将所述聚合α-烯烃、所述低气味芳烃溶剂和所述至少一种基础油掺混直到混合均匀而没有出现任何分离，从而产生第一混合物；和
单独掺混所述溶剂油和所述磺酸钙，从而产生第三混合物；和
将所述第三混合物加入到所述第一混合物中。
20.权利要求7的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其通过包括以下步骤的方法制得：
将所述聚合α-烯烃、所述低气味芳烃溶剂和所述至少一种基础油掺混直到混合均匀而没有出现任何分离，从而产生第一混合物；
单独掺混所述甲基异丁基酮、所述溶剂活化染料、和所述溶剂活化香料，从而产生第二混合物；和
将所述第二混合物和所述溶剂油加入到所述第一混合物中。
21.权利要求8的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其通过包括以下步骤的方法制得：
将所述聚合α-烯烃、所述低气味芳烃溶剂和所述至少一种基础油掺混直到混合均匀而没有出现任何分离，从而产生第一混合物；
单独掺混所述甲基异丁基酮、所述溶剂活化染料、和所述溶剂活化香料，从而产生第二混合物；
单独掺混所述溶剂油和所述磺酸钙，从而产生第三混合物；和
将所述第二和第三混合物加入到所述第一混合物中。
22.权利要求9的通用合成渗透润滑剂，其通过包括以下步骤的方法制得：
将所述聚合α-烯烃、所述低气味芳烃溶剂和所述至少一种基础油掺混直到混合均匀而没有出现任何分离，从而产生第一混合物；
单独掺混所述甲基异丁基酮、所述溶剂活化染料、和所述溶剂活化香料，从而产生第二混合物；
单独掺混所述溶剂油和所述磺酸钙，从而产生第三混合物；和
将所述第二和第三混合物和所述至少一种氟添加剂加入到所述第一混合物中。
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