CN103864660B - 一种含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN103864660B
CN103864660B CN201410105815.6A CN201410105815A CN103864660B CN 103864660 B CN103864660 B CN 103864660B CN 201410105815 A CN201410105815 A CN 201410105815A CN 103864660 B CN103864660 B CN 103864660B
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pyrrolidone
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CN103864660A (zh
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梁福顺
赵宝中
林少虾
张昕彤
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Northeast Normal University
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    • C07D207/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/18Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D207/22Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract

一种含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物的合成方法,属于医药化学技术领域,首先将化合物1-酰基-1-酰胺基环丙烷和有机胺置于无水溶剂中,加入缺电子烯烃,在一定温度下反应直至底物消失。其次,冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取,干燥,旋蒸除去溶剂。最后,将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物。本发明的优点是利用廉价易得的有机胺催化,实现含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮的合成,反应成本低,操作简单,收率高,适合于工业化。

Description

一种含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物的合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于医药化学技术领域,涉及一种吡咯烷酮化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
吡咯烷酮类化合物是许多具有生物活性和药物活性的天然产物的结构单元,在医药、农药及染料中具有重要应用,其合成方法受到广泛关注。其中主要的方法包括:
A使用金属催化,通过N-H插入的方法构建吡咯烷酮;
B通过多组分反应,在酸或者碱的条件下合成吡咯烷酮;
C使用类金属试剂如高碘试剂等构筑吡咯烷酮的合成。
下面的方法一和方法二是已经报道的在有机试剂及助催化剂的共同作用下构建吡咯烷酮的方法。
方法一:以酰胺基环丙烷为原料,在三苯基膦和四溴化碳作用下制备吡咯烷酮。
其反应式如下:
此方法的不足之处在于使用了毒性很大的四溴化碳和三苯基磷化学试剂,操作危险且存在污染环境的问题。
方法二:使用烯酰氯和氮烷基丙二酸二甲酯盐酸盐为原料,加入有机胺,二(三甲基硅基)氨基锂和1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯来制备。
其反应式如下:
此反应的不足之处在于需要使用两种强碱,且需要化学计量。同时,该方法需要在低温(零下30℃)条件下反应。反应条件相对苛刻,且成本相对较高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是公开一种含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物的合成方法。
本发明解决技术问题的方法包括如下步骤:
1、将化合物1-酰基-1-酰胺基环丙烷和有机胺置于无水溶剂中,搅拌下加入缺电子烯烃,在60-80℃条件下反应直至底物消失;
2、将反应混和物冷却至室温,萃取得有机相,干燥,旋蒸除去有机溶剂;
3、将粗产品进行硅胶柱层析,得到含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物,其结构如下:
其中,R1为烷基和芳基;R2为氢和烷基;R3为烷基和芳基。吸电子基(EWG)为氰基、酯基和磺酰基。
所述的合成方法可以用以下反应式表示:
EWG为吸电子基,催化剂为有机胺;
其中有机胺可以为三乙胺,1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯,4-二甲氨基吡啶或1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷,其中最优的催化剂为1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷;
溶剂可以为二甲基亚砜,四氢呋喃,乙腈,1,2-二氯乙烷等,其中最优的溶剂为乙腈;
缺电子烯烃中的吸电子基包括氰基、酯基和磺酰基;
1-酰基-1-酰胺基环丙烷、缺电子烯烃和有机胺的摩尔比为1.0:(1.05―1.3):(0.05―0.5)。
1-酰基-1-酰胺基环丙烷、缺电子烯烃和有机胺的最佳摩尔比为1.0:1.2:0.1。
本发明提供了一种有机胺催化合成吡咯烷酮的方法,且产物中含有一个手性季碳中心。本发明提供的方法具有条件温和,催化剂廉价易得,操作简单,无需金属催化,收率高,且不污染环境等优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1、
3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-苯基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-苯基]酰胺环丙烷(203mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在60℃条件下反应6小时至底物消失。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取,收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-苯基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,收率为93%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.99-2.05(m,1H),2.33(s,3H),2.34-2.46(m,4H),2.77-2.82(m,1H),3.81-3.88(m,2H),7.19-7.23(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.38-7.42(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.59-7.61(d,J=8.0Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=12.9,26.0,26.1,29.6,29.8,45.8,62.6,118.7,119.9,125.4,129.0,138.5,170.3,203.5.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)257.1290.found257.1290.
实施例2、
3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-4-甲基苯基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-4-甲基苯基]酰胺环丙烷(217mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在60℃条件下反应8小时至底物消失。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂,将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-4-甲基苯基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率90%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.98-2.04(m,1H),2.14(s,3H),2.32-2.35(m,3H),2.30(s,6H),2.32-2.46(m,4H),2.74-2.79(m,1H),3.77-3.87(m,2H),7.18-7.20(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.46-7.47(d,J=8.5Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=12.9,20.8,26.1,26.2,29.8,30.9,45.9,62.5,118.8,119.9,129.5,135.3,135.9,170.2,203.7.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)271.1447.found271.1445.
实施例3、
3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-4-甲氧基苯基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-4-甲氧基苯基]酰胺环丙烷(233mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在60℃条件下反应7小时至底物消失。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取,收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-4-甲基苯基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率89%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.00-2.04(m,1H),2.33(s,3H),2.34-2.39(m,2H),2.42-2.46(m,2H),2.74-2.79(m,1H),3.77-3.84(m,5H),6.91-6.93(m,2H),7.48-7.50(m,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=12.9,26.1,26.1,29.7,46.2,55.4,62.3,114.1,118.8,121.7,131.6,157.0,170.0,203.7.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)287.1396.found287.1399.
实施例4、
3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-2,4-二甲基苯基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-2,4-二甲基苯基]酰胺环丙烷(231mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在60℃条件下反应10小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-2,4-二甲基苯基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率82%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.05-2.11(m,1H),2.14(s,3H),2.32-2.35(m,3H),2.36-2.45(m,5H),2.46-2.50(m,2H),2.74-2.79(m,1H),3.60-3.65(m,1H),3.68-3.73(m,1H),6.98-6.99(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.04-7.05(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.08(s,1H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=12.8,17.6,20.8,26.0,27.0,29.5,47.6,61.3,118.9,125.9,127.5,131.8,133.6,134.7,138.2,170.4,203.9.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)285.1603.found285.1600.
实施例5、
3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-4-氯苯基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-4-氯苯基]酰胺环丙烷(237.5mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在60℃条件下反应12小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取,收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-4-氯苯基]吡咯烷酮化合物,白色固体,产率81%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.99-2.05(m,1H),2.33(s,3H),2.34-2.45(m,4H),2.78-2.83(m,1H),3.76-3.85(m,2H),7.35-7.36(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.55-7.58(t,J=9.5Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=13.0,25.9,26.1,29.8,45.8,62.7,118.6,121.0,129.0,130.5,137.1,170.4,203.2.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)291.0900.found291.0901.
实施例6、
3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-苄基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-苄基]酰胺基环丙烷(217mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在80℃条件下反应12小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-苄基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率45%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.97-2.03(m,1H),2.31(s,3H),2.33-2.46(m,4H),2.75-2.80(m,1H),3.81-3.88(m,2H),4,54(s,2H),7.19-7.23(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.38-7.42(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.59-7.61(d,J=8.0Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=12.8,26.4,26.5,29.9,29.9,46.2,62.8,69.5,118.9,112.0,125.6,129.5,138.9,170.7,203.8.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)271.1447.found271.1450.
实施例7、
3-苯甲酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-苯基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-苯甲酰基-1-[N-苯基]酰胺基环丙烷(265mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在80℃条件下反应10小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-苯甲酰基-3-丙腈基-1-[N-苯基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率54%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.95-2.00(m,1H),2.31-2.42(m,4H),2.73-2.80(m,1H),3.81-3.88(m,2H),7.19-7.23(m,3H),7.41-7.44(m,4H),7.62-7.65(m,3H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=26.6,26.9,30.3,30.7,46.4,62.9,118.7,119.5,119.9,123.3,124.7,125.4,126.1,129.0,138.5,170.3,203.5.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)319.1447.found319.1446.
实施例8、
3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-5-甲基-1-[N-苯基]吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-苯基]酰胺基-2-甲基环丙烷(217mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯氰(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在80℃条件下反应12小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取,收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙腈基-5-甲基-1-[N-苯基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率63%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.43-1.44(m,3H),2.01-2.05(m,1H),2.31(s,3H),2.33-2.41(m,4H),2.5-2.80(m,1H),3.76-3.83(m,1H),7.16-7.21(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.36-7.40(t,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.56-7.59(d,J=8.0Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.8,12.3,25.4,26.0,29.2,29.4,45.3,62.1,118.6,119.4,124.4,128.5,137.4,170.3,203.5.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)271.1447.found271.1445.
实施例9、
3-乙酰基-3-[1-(N-苯基)吡咯烷酮-3-基]丙酸乙酯的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-苯基]酰胺基环丙烷(203mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和丙烯酸乙酯(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在60℃条件下反应7小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取,收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-丙酸乙酯基-1-[N-苯基]吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率94%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.24-1.27(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.86-1.92(m,1H),2.22-2.33(m,3H),2.35(s,3H),2.45-2,49(m,1H),2.78-2.83(m,1H),3.71-3.75(m,1H),3.79-3.84(m,1H),4.12-4.16(m,2H),7.16-7.19(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.36-7.39(t,8.5Hz,2H),7.59-7.61(d,J=8.0Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=14.1,25.5,26.0,29.6,45.8,60.7,63.3,119.8,125.0,128.8,138.9,170.9,172.3,204.6.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)304.1549.found304.1551.
实施例10、
3-乙酰基-3-(2-苯砜基)乙基)吡咯烷酮的合成。
将化合物1-乙酰基-1-[N-苯基]酰胺基环丙烷(203mg,1mmol),1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷(44mg,0.2mmol)置于25mL圆底烧瓶,加入2mL无水乙腈和苯基乙烯基砜(0.08mL,1.2mmol)在60℃条件下反应5小时。冷却反应混合物至室温,萃取,收集有机相,干燥,蒸除有机溶剂。将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析,得到3-乙酰基-3-(2-苯砜基)乙基)吡咯烷酮,白色固体,产率95%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.85-1.88(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),2.26-2.29(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.36-2.39(m,1H),2.62-2.66(m,1H),3.10-3.13(m,2H),3.74-3.80(m,2H),7.14-7.17(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.33-7.36(t,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.53-7.57(t,J=8.5Hz,4H),7.63-7.66(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.88-7.89(d,J=8.5Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ=25.8,26.1,26.9,45.6,51.5,61.9,119.8,125.1,127.8,128.8,129.2,133.8,138.2,138.4,170.3,203.6.HRMS(ESI)calc.for(M+H+)372.1270.found372.1273.

Claims (6)

1.一种含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物的合成方法,其特征包括以下步骤:
(1)将化合物1-酰基-1-酰胺基环丙烷和有机胺置于无水溶剂中,搅拌下加入缺电子烯烃,在60-80℃条件下反应直至底物消失;
(2)将反应混和物冷却至室温,萃取得有机相,干燥,旋蒸除去有机溶剂;
(3)将粗产品进行硅胶柱层析,得到含有季碳中心的吡咯烷酮化合物,其结构如下:
其中,R1为甲基和苯基;R2为氢和甲基;R3为苄基和苯基;EWG是氰基或苯磺酰基的其中一种;
所述的合成方法通过以下反应式表示:
催化剂为有机胺;
1-酰基-1-酰胺基环丙烷、缺电子烯烃和有机胺的摩尔比为1.0:1.05―1.3:0.05―0.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:有机胺为三乙胺,1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯,4-二甲氨基吡啶或1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷。
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于:有机胺为1,4-二氮杂二环2.2.2辛烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:溶剂为二甲基亚砜,四氢呋喃,乙腈或1,2-二氯乙烷。
5.根据权利要求4所述的合成方法,其特征在于:溶剂为乙腈。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:1-酰基-1-酰胺基环丙烷、缺电子烯烃和有机胺的摩尔比为1.0:1.2:0.1。
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