CN103859351B - 一种金针菇固态发酵酱油的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种金针菇固态发酵酱油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:a、菌种活化及扩大培养,b、菌种驯化,c、固态制曲,d、制醅发酵,e、淋油。本发明的有益效果是:制备得到的金针菇酱油具有有浓郁的食用菌香味,并且口感优于传统酱油;酱油酿造过程中引入食药用真菌金针菇,提高了酱油的香味,同时能增加酱油的营养和药用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金针菇固态发酵酱油的制备方法。
背景技术
酱油具有色美味鲜、香味浓郁、咸中带甜等特点,是人们日常生活中必备的调味佳品,主要由大豆、淀粉、食盐经过发酵等程序酿制而成。酱油的成分比较复杂,除食盐外,还含有多种氨基酸、糖类、有机酸、色素及芳香物质等成分,赋予酱油咸味、鲜味和香味,能显著改善菜肴的色泽和味道。
低盐固态发酵工艺操作简便,设备简单,发酵周期短,是目前酱油酿造的主要工艺之一。我国酱油的生产多采用沪酿3.042米曲霉(Aspergillusoryzae)单一菌种制曲。多菌种酿造酱油是一项先进技术,生产的酱油酱香、醇香、酯香浓郁,营养丰富。近年来许多企业采用多菌种制曲,在改善酱油色泽、风味等方面取得了良好的效果。
食用真菌酱油(草菇酱油、蘑菇酱油、香菇酱油和巴楚蘑菇等)香味浓郁、风味独特,经常食用对降低胆固醇含量,补充人体必需氨基酸有着重要作用。其制作工艺可以分为酿造、配制和生化法3种。酿造法多为在发酵料中添加粉碎食用真菌残渣或下脚料。配制法则为将食用真菌提取液加入淋出的酱油中,再进行调配。如市面销售的草菇酱油多是在淋出的酱油中加入新鲜晒制的草菇汁经露晒浓缩而成,酱油在原有的豉香基础上,具有独特的菇型香气,并且草菇中的鲜味物质更增加了老抽的提鲜功能。
食用真菌除菌丝营养价值高、具有菇香味外,在固态发酵过程中还可以产生大量的营养物质、香味物质和药用成分。目前,食用真菌酱油的酿造方法比较广泛的是酿造法和配制法,但目前已有的方法都只是利用了食用真菌菌丝的价值,而没有让食用真菌参与固态发酵(如制曲、制醅和发酵),不能充分利用食用真菌固态发酵分泌的特有成分。
金针菇(Flammulinavelutipes),又称金菇、毛柄金钱菌和智力菇等,属伞菌目口蘑科金针菇属,是一种重要的食药用真菌。金针菇的菌丝体由孢子萌发而成,在人工培养条件下,菌丝通常呈白色绒毛狀,有横隔和分枝。金针菇具有较大的食用和药用价值。金针菇蛋白质含量较高,达到30%。金针菇含有人体必需氨基酸的全部类型(8种),尤其是赖氨酸和精氨酸的含量较高。赖氨酸可以增强记忆、开发智力,对幼儿增加身高和体重十分有益,因此又称其为“增智菇”。金针菇维生素含量丰富,分析表明每百克鲜金针菇中含53.2毫克维生素B2,10.9毫克维生素C,金针菇分泌的多糖和糖蛋白具有提高免疫力的效应。金针菇合成多种黄酮,具有一定的抗氧化活性。金针菇分泌构菌素,具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长的特性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:基于上述问题,本发明提供一种金针菇固态发酵酱油的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的一个技术方案是:一种金针菇固态发酵酱油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、菌种活化及扩大培养:配制PDA斜面培养基,将金针菇菌株、米曲霉菌株活化;配制麦芽汁培养基,将鲁氏酵母活化;配制麸皮培养基将活化的金针菇菌株、米曲霉菌株扩大培养,转接一次麸皮培养基;
b、菌种驯化:配制大豆麸皮培养基Ⅰ,接种转接后的金针菇菌株和米曲霉菌株,再转接至大豆麸皮培养基Ⅱ驯化培养。
c、固态制曲:按质量比30~40:60~70将麸皮、大豆混合,加入45~50%水混合,高温蒸料,接种驯化培养的金针菇菌株,得到金针菇培养物;按质量比60~70:20~30:5~15将大豆、小麦、麸皮混合,加入1~1.5倍的水,高温蒸料,接种驯化培养的米曲霉菌株,得到米曲霉培养物。
d、制醅发酵:将培养料、金针菇培养物、米曲霉培养物按质量比20~30:40~60:20~30混合,加入5~15%v/v的鲁氏酵母,装入发酵罐发酵,得发酵培养物。
e、淋油:用80℃热水浸淋发酵培养物得金针菇固态发酵酱油。
进一步地,步骤a中的米曲霉菌株为沪酿3.042米曲霉菌株,麸皮培养基为:麸皮70~90g、面粉10~30g、水80~90ml。
进一步地,步骤b中的大豆麸皮培养基Ⅰ为:麸皮80~90g,大豆粒10~20g,水90~100ml,大豆麸皮培养基Ⅱ为:麸皮80~90g,大豆粒80~90g,水90~100ml。
进一步地,步骤d中的培养料为:大豆:小麦:麸皮=60~70:20~30:5~15。
本发明的有益效果是:制备得到的金针菇酱油具有有浓郁的食用菌香味,并且口感优于传统酱油;酱油酿造过程中引入食药用真菌金针菇,提高了酱油的香味,同时能增加酱油的营养和药用价值。
具体实施方式
现在结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以下实施例旨在说明本发明而不是对本发明的进一步限定。
实施例:
菌种活化及扩大培养:配制PDA斜面培养基,将保种的金针菇菌株接种后置28℃培养7天,将保种的沪酿3.042米曲霉菌株接种后置28℃培养3天;配制麦芽汁培养基,将保种的鲁氏酵母接种后置28℃培养2天。配制麸皮培养基:麸皮80g、面粉20g、水80~90ml,分装至三角瓶,121℃灭菌30分钟后接种PDA斜面上的金针菇和沪酿3.042米曲霉,置28℃培养7天,并转接一次麸皮培养基。
菌种驯化:配制大豆麸皮培养基Ⅰ:麸皮85g、4~6mm大豆粒15g、水95ml,分装至三角瓶,121℃灭菌30分钟后接种麸皮培养基上的金针菇菌株和沪酿3.042米曲霉菌株,置28℃培养7天,并转接一次大豆麸皮培养基Ⅱ:麸皮85g、大豆粒85g、水95ml。
固态制曲:按质量比35∶65将麸皮、大豆颗粒混合,并加入45~50%水混合,高温蒸料,冷却后无菌条件下装瓶,接种驯化培养的金针菇菌株,28℃培养7天,得到金针菇培养物;将粉碎大豆:小麦粉:麸皮=65:25:10的质量比配料,加入1.3倍的水,浸润60min,121℃灭菌蒸煮30min,使原料温度降至40℃,接种驯化培养的沪酿3.042米曲霉菌株,28℃培养3天,得到米曲霉培养物。
制醅发酵:将培养料(粉碎大豆:小麦粉:麸皮=65:25:10)、金针菇培养物、米曲霉培养物按照质量比25:50:25的比例混合,加入10%v/v的鲁氏酵母,装入发酵罐后在30~35℃培养10天,再向发酵罐中加入1倍体积的饱和食盐水,在30~35℃发酵1~3个月,得到发酵培养物。
淋油:用80℃热水浸淋发酵培养物得富含金针菇固态发酵生物活性成分的酱油。
采用本方法活化的金针菇可以在发酵培养基中生长良好,表现为菌丝粗壮、密集。发酵后经30人对本方法得到的酱油和传统发酵方法(未加入金针菇参与发酵)进行香味和口感进行评价,结果显示:28人表示本方法发酵酱油香味增加,2人表示没有明显差异;23人表示本方法发酵酱油口感优于传统发酵方法酿造酱油,7人表示没有明显差异。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种金针菇固态发酵酱油的制备方法,其特征是:包括以下步骤:
a、菌种活化及扩大培养:配制PDA斜面培养基,将金针菇菌株、米曲霉菌株活化;配制麦芽汁培养基,将鲁氏酵母活化;配制麸皮培养基将活化的金针菇菌株、米曲霉菌株扩大培养,转接一次麸皮培养基;
b、菌种驯化:配制大豆麸皮培养基Ⅰ,接种转接后的金针菇菌株和米曲霉菌株,再转接至大豆麸皮培养基Ⅱ驯化培养,大豆麸皮培养基Ⅰ为:麸皮80~90g,大豆粒10~20g,水90~100ml,大豆麸皮培养基Ⅱ为:麸皮80~90g,大豆粒80~90g,水90~100ml;
c、固态制曲:按质量比30~40:60~70将麸皮、大豆混合,加入45~50%水混合,高温蒸料,接种驯化培养的金针菇菌株,得到金针菇培养物;按质量比60~70:20~30:5~15将大豆、小麦、麸皮混合,加入1~1.5倍的水,高温蒸料,接种驯化培养的米曲霉菌株,得到米曲霉培养物;
d、制醅发酵:将培养料、金针菇培养物、米曲霉培养物按质量比20~30:40~60:20~30混合,加入5~15%v/v的鲁氏酵母,装入发酵罐发酵,得发酵培养物,培养料按质量比为:大豆:小麦:麸皮=60~70:20~30:5~15;
e、淋油:用80℃热水浸淋发酵培养物得金针菇固态发酵酱油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种金针菇固态发酵酱油的制备方法,其特征是:所述的步骤a中的米曲霉菌株为沪酿3.042米曲霉菌株,麸皮培养基为:麸皮70~90g、面粉10~30g、水80~90ml。
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