CN103858726B - A kind of breeding method promoting peach embryonic development - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method promoting peach embryonic development Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agriculture field breeding technical field, particularly relate to a kind of breeding method promoting peach embryonic development being applied to precocious peach, comprise the steps: the peach that (1) selects life in 3 years above; (2) root growth of the selected peach of restriction; (3) after selected peach Sheng is spent, carry out Osmotic treatment, and control soil moisture content.Compared with prior art, the inventive method is easy, easy-regulating, cultivation means are innovatively taked effectively to avoid aborted embryo, realize embryo development completely full, thus obtain full grown precocious peach mature seed kernel, select the precocious peach new varieties being more suitable for facility cultivation; And after planting, emergence rate is high for the kind benevolence of gained hybrid seed; This external whole nurturing period, without the need to repeatedly spraying growth regulator, saving Financial cost and time, being suitable for applying in relevant peach breeding field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture field breeding technical field, particularly relate to a kind of breeding method promoting peach embryonic development being applied to precocious peach.
Background technology
For in the peach breeding of ripen in advance phase, usually select early-maturing variety as parent, offspring occurs that the ratio of precocious individual plant is higher, thus is conducive to cultivating extremely early variety.Utilizing Peach cultivars that is precocious or extremely early mature to do parent, is the breeding method of the precocious peach of seed selection conventional at present by embryo culture technique.But the fruit development period of the extremely early variety of peach or early-maturing variety is usually shorter, often there is abortion at the early stage of embryonic development, obtain offspring by normal method very difficult.Therefore, aborted embryo is a key issue of restriction fruit tree hybridization breeding work.
At present, in the method overcoming aborted embryo, training method mainly with embryo rataria not yet abortion time proceed in medium, under artificial condition, embryo culture is survived.In embryo culture process, usual employing two-step method is cultivated precocious peach embryo, improve germination rate and the planting percent of embryo, concrete grammar is: the first step, adopt SH+6-BA(1mg/L)+IBA(1mg/L) medium, 30 days 22 DEG C of illumination cultivation, promote that embryonic development is grown, make embryo length be greater than 5mm; Second step, adopts WPM medium, 2-5 DEG C of athermobiosis 60 days, then 23 DEG C of normal temperature illumination cultivation, growth seedling.
In the embryo culture technique of peach, embryo size in age directly affects height and the Seedling potential of planting percent.Early stage research is thought, the developmental index (PF value, embryo length/seed length) of embryo is that peach embryo trains successful minimum (Hesse & Kester, nineteen fifty-five) close to 0.7.Find in test afterwards, after the rataria only having developmental index to be greater than 0.2 proceeds to normal temperature cultivation, cotyledon ramp could also turn green, finally may cultivate seedling; The rataria that developmental index is less than 0.2 is then no longer grown, and does not turn green, can not seedling.Generally believe embryo more little more difficult cultivation in age at present, embryo is larger for age, and the possibility that there is embryo atrophy degeneration is larger.Therefore research extends the method for embryo development is that the embryo culture of extremely early mature peach is successfully crucial.
To aborted embryo pole early kind rescue culture up to now, the embryo only differentiating initial body could be cultivated successfully in vitro, and former embryo carried out cultured in vitro and was difficult to survive globular stage.Therefore, must go into overdrive to controlling the factor of embryonic development and binding mode and mechanism and to the research postponing aborted embryo method in period.
The early stage abortion of hybrid embryo generally because endosperm development is abnormal or physiological inharmonious and cause between hybrid Embryo and endosperm, was taken out and is carried out cultivating and the plant that hybridizes, existing a lot of successfully example before aborted embryo.Succeed on the fruit trees such as oranges and tangerines, grape, peach, apricot at present.
Clock Xiao Hong study polyamines Shatian sleeve bloom and the physiological action at initial stage of bearing fruit time find, from the flower bud phase to the 1st physiological fallen fruit, young fruit Endogenous Polyamine Content is on a declining curve, but fertilization young fruit is slower than unfertilized young fruit decrease speed, with 3 kinds of Exogenous Polyamine spraying buds, all facilitate pollen tube growth, delay ovule old and feeble, enhance fertility, improve fruit-setting rate.So can attempt spraying different growth regulators to overcome aborted embryo problem in production application.
Best cultivation period generally represents by embryo age or PF value.Embryo age is called to peeling off time of embryo culture from pollination.Embryo age or PF value affect the successful key factor of embryo rescue, directly has influence on the height of embryo culture planting percent and the growth potential of embryo training seedling.Different fruit tree is different to the requirement of best cultivation period, embryonic development should be caught to arrive optimum state, but cultivates in the period of not yet abortion.
Many reports there is age about peach embryo rescue optimum embryo, saying is also inconsistent, but all in all the technology of embryo rescue is constantly being improved and progressive, diminishing gradually to the requirement in embryo age, Ranmink just once induction contains and spent the peach Ovule Development of rear 10d to reach 12mm; Liu Huanfang etc. adopt the large cherry distant hybrid embryo of stone phase (PF=0.6) to carry out embryo rescue and succeed; There are some researches show and spend rear 35d to be the best period of Ruby seedless grape embryo rescue; The research such as Yang Honghua finds the abortion period that can judge embryo according to the situation of change of fruit-setting rate, not the sprouting of homeomorphism Lee in age, apricot hybrid embryo and growth different: the hybrid embryo of PF>0.5 can be sprouted and grow, and the rataria of PF<0.5 can not normally be sprouted.
The germinating capacity of peach embryo generally becomes positive correlation with its size, peach within fruit 90-100d breeding time, because growth time is short, embryonic development is incomplete, seed can not sprout under conventional seed planting condition or germination rate extremely low, fruit development period is shorter than the precocious peach seeds of 75d, is generally difficult to germinate because embryo is too small.The embryo rescue of plant to take out in ovary or ovule the embryo of abortion.But taking out embryo under some condition is that technology is unallowed, therefore, wants to rescue these embryos, whole ovary or ovule must be cultivated.
Generally, prevent in the breeding technique of peach aborted embryo existing, ubiquity technology enforcement difficulty is large and incubation step is loaded down with trivial details and the problem that Financial cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for prior art Problems existing, a kind of breeding method promoting peach embryonic development is provided, cultivation means are taked to avoid aborted embryo, when making fruit normal mature, embryonic development is full, its kind of benevolence is grown completely, thus is beneficial to the precocious peach new varieties selecting and be more suitable for facility cultivation.
The technical scheme that the present invention deals with problems is: provide a kind of breeding method promoting peach embryonic development, comprises the steps: the peach that (1) selects life in 3 years above; (2) root growth of the selected peach of restriction; (3) after selected peach Sheng is spent, carry out Osmotic treatment, and control soil moisture content.
Further, promote in the described step (1) of the breeding method of peach embryonic development in the present invention, 3 years above peach of life of selection are precocious peach.
Further, promote in the described step (2) of the breeding method of peach embryonic development in the present invention, the root growth of the selected peach of restriction is in the container such as plastic basin of diameter 40cm, high 30cm.
Further, promote in the present invention, in the described step (2) of the breeding method of peach embryonic development, selected peach to be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and to cultivate.
Further, promote in the present invention in the described step (3) of the breeding method of peach embryonic development, after peach Sheng is spent, within 10-40 days, carry out Osmotic treatment, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%.
Further, promote in the present invention in the described step (3) of the breeding method of peach embryonic development, after peach Sheng is spent, within 10-40 days, carry out Osmotic treatment, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard.
Further, promote in the described step (3) of the breeding method of peach embryonic development in the present invention, while controlling soil moisture content, adjustment room temperature, maintenance day temperature is the highest 25 DEG C, minimum 10 DEG C of nocturnal temperature.
Preferably, the time that peach embryo is cultivated after selected peach Sheng is spent is 45 days-100 days.
Preferably, when the kind benevolence of getting institute's breeding is sowed, first by after its moisturizing dormancy, then sow; Preferably, by the kind benevolence of institute's breeding 5 DEG C of moisturizings, and keep dormancy after 60 days, sow.
Application the present invention promotes the breeding method of peach embryonic development, its know-why is adverse circumstance inducing plant reproductive growth, effectively avoids aborted embryo, and embryo is grown completely, obtain full grown precocious peach mature seed kernel, thus select the precocious peach new varieties being more suitable for facility cultivation; Plant benevolence after moisturizing dormancy, be directly seeded in nutritive cube soil, germinating to seedling, emergence rate reaches more than 90%.In the whole nurturing period, not only step is simple, and without the need to using any fertilizer before Fruit, also without the need to spraying any growth regulator, Financial cost is saved in a large number.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: method is easy, regulation and control easy to operate, cultivation means are innovatively taked effectively to avoid aborted embryo, realize embryo development completely full, thus obtain full grown precocious peach mature seed kernel, select the precocious peach new varieties being more suitable for facility cultivation; And after planting, emergence rate is high for the kind benevolence of gained new varieties; This external whole nurturing period, without the need to repeatedly spraying growth regulator, saving Financial cost and time, being suitable for applying in relevant peach breeding field.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Peach variety used in following application examples, fertilizer etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
A kind of breeding method promoting peach embryonic development of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) peach selecting life in 3 years above;
(2) root growth of the selected peach of restriction;
(3) after selected peach Sheng is spent, carry out Osmotic treatment, and control soil moisture content.
In the above-described embodiments:
In described step (1), the selection of peach variety is selected accordingly according to region and climatic environment difference, and within preferred 3 years, the above peach of life is precocious Peach cultivars, as kinds such as spring snows;
In described step (2), the root growth of the selected peach of restriction can carry out according to actual condition of culture, and wherein, preferred method is colonizated in by selected precocious peach in the container such as plastic basin of diameter 40cm, high 30cm; More meeting self-sow environment for ensureing in breeding process, preferably, selected peach being placed in greenhouse by solar heat and cultivating;
In described step (3), after peach Sheng is spent, within 10-40 days, carry out Osmotic treatment, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%; Preferably, for controlling soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Preferably, while controlling soil moisture content, adjustment room temperature, maintenance day temperature is the highest 25 DEG C, minimum 10 DEG C of nocturnal temperature;
Completely full for ensureing peach embryonic development, according to the fruit development period of potted plant precocious Peach cultivars, the time that peach embryo is cultivated after selected peach Sheng is spent is preferably 45 days-100 days.
When adopting the breeding of gained peach to sow, after first the kind benevolence of gained breeding being carried out moisturizing dormancy, then sow; Wherein, the kind benevolence moisturizing of institute's breeding preferably carried out at 5 DEG C, the resting stage of maintenance is preferably 60 days.
In the process of the breeding method of above-mentioned promotion peach embryonic development, start not use any fertilizer during Fruit in breeding, substantially barren soil environment has been built, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Gained embryo is sowed, and emergence rate all reaches more than 90%.
Below in conjunction with embody rule embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Application examples 1
For the peach that the kind in 3 years raw full bearing periods is spring snow, the plastic basin of employing diameter 40cm, high 30cm is potted plant limits its root growth scope; Peach contain spend after carry out the Osmotic treatment of 30 days by a definite date in the 10th day to the 40th day, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Fruit was grown through 85 days, normal mature, and kind benevolence is full.
In the above-described embodiments, from breeding, during Fruit, do not use any fertilizer, substantially built barren soil environment, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Pound and get kind of a benevolence, be placed in moisturizing dormancy at 5 DEG C, refrigerator cold-storage indoor, 60 days resting stages, be seeded in nutritive cube, within 3 days, germinate, within 15 days, emerge, emergence rate reaches 90%.
Application examples 2
For the peach that the kind in 4 years raw full bearing periods is spring snow, adopt and potted plantly limit its root growth scope, be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and cultivate; Peach contain spend after carry out the Osmotic treatment of 30 days by a definite date in the 10th day to the 40th day, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Turn down greenhouse temperature, daytime is the highest 25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10 DEG C to 15 DEG C, and night insulation is let nature take its course, and fruit was grown through 100 days, normal mature, and kind benevolence is full.
In the above-described embodiments, from breeding, during Fruit, do not use any fertilizer, substantially built barren soil environment, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Pound and get kind of a benevolence, two benevolence rate 10%, be placed in moisturizing dormancy at cold compartment of refrigerator 5 DEG C, 60 days resting stages, be seeded in nutritive cube, within 3 days, germinate, within 15 days, emerge, emergence rate reaches 98%.
Application examples 3
For the peach that the kind in 3 years raw full bearing periods is spring U.S., adopt and potted plantly limit its root growth scope; Peach contain spend after carry out the Osmotic treatment of 30 days by a definite date in the 10th day to the 40th day, control soil moisture content between 40%-50%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Fruit was grown through 90 days, normal mature, and kind benevolence is full.
In the above-described embodiments, from breeding, during Fruit, do not use any fertilizer, substantially built barren soil environment, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Pound and get kind of a benevolence, be placed in moisturizing dormancy at 5 DEG C, refrigerator cold-storage indoor, 60 days resting stages, be seeded in nutritive cube, within 3 days, germinate, within 15 days, emerge, emergence rate reaches 93%.
Application examples 4
For the peach that the kind in 3 years raw full bearing periods is spring U.S., adopt and potted plantly limit its root growth scope, be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and cultivate; Peach contain spend after carry out the Osmotic treatment of 30 days by a definite date in the 10th day to the 40th day, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Turn down greenhouse temperature, daytime is the highest 20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10 DEG C to 13 DEG C, and night insulation is let nature take its course, and fruit was grown through 96 days, normal mature, and kind benevolence is full.
In the above-described embodiments, from breeding, during Fruit, do not use any fertilizer, substantially built barren soil environment, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Pound and get kind of a benevolence, two benevolence rate 11%, be placed in moisturizing dormancy at cold compartment of refrigerator 5 DEG C, 60 days resting stages, be seeded in nutritive cube, within 3 days, germinate, within 15 days, emerge, emergence rate reaches 96%.
Application examples 5
Be the peach of coiling pocket morning for the kind in 3 years raw full bearing periods, adopt and potted plantly limit its root growth scope; Peach contain spend after carry out 15 days by a definite date Osmotic treatment in 10-25 days, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Fruit was grown through 45 days, normal mature, and kind benevolence is full.
In the above-described embodiments, from breeding, during Fruit, do not use any fertilizer, substantially built barren soil environment, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Pound and get kind of a benevolence, be placed in moisturizing dormancy at 5 DEG C, refrigerator cold-storage indoor, 60 days resting stages, be seeded in nutritive cube, within 3 days, germinate, within 15 days, emerge, emergence rate reaches 94%.
Application examples 6
Be the peach of coiling pocket morning for the kind in 4 years raw full bearing periods, adopt and potted plantly limit its root growth scope, be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and cultivate; Peach contain spend after carry out the Osmotic treatment of 15 days by a definite date in 10-25 days, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Turn down greenhouse temperature, daytime is the highest 23 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10 DEG C to 12 DEG C, and night insulation is let nature take its course, and fruit was grown through 50 days, normal mature, and kind benevolence is full.
In the above-described embodiments, from breeding, during Fruit, do not use any fertilizer, substantially built barren soil environment, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Pound and get kind of a benevolence, be placed in moisturizing dormancy at cold compartment of refrigerator 5 DEG C, 60 days resting stages, be seeded in nutritive cube, within 3 days, germinate, within 15 days, emerge, emergence rate reaches 97%.
Application examples 7
Be the middle peach of oily 5 for the kind in 6 years raw full bearing periods, adopt and potted plantly limit its root growth scope, be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and cultivate; Peach contain spend after carry out the Osmotic treatment of 30 days by a definite date in the 10th to the 40th day, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard; Turn down greenhouse temperature, daytime is the highest 25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10 DEG C to 12 DEG C, and night insulation is let nature take its course, and fruit was grown through 72 days, normal mature, and kind benevolence is full.
In the above-described embodiments, from breeding, during Fruit, do not use any fertilizer, substantially built barren soil environment, only need carry out normal rich water from Fruit to the maturing stage and culture technique manages, through the precocious peach embryo not abortion of above-mentioned process, and grow completely; Pound and get kind of a benevolence, be placed in moisturizing dormancy at cold compartment of refrigerator 5 DEG C, 60 days resting stages, be seeded in nutritive cube, within 3 days, germinate, within 15 days, emerge, emergence rate reaches 99%.
The invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment, those skilled in the art make to any apparent improvement of above-mentioned embodiment or change, all can not exceed the protection domain of design of the present invention and claims.
Claims (7)
1. promote a breeding method for peach embryonic development, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) peach selecting life in 3 years above;
(2) root growth of the selected peach of restriction, wherein, the root growth of the selected peach of restriction is in the container of diameter 40cm, high 30cm;
(3) after selected peach Sheng is spent, Osmotic treatment is carried out, and control soil moisture content, wherein, within 10-40 days, Osmotic treatment is carried out after peach Sheng is spent, control soil moisture content between 40%-60%, irrigation amount is wilted with the tender point of peach young sprout at noon, evening tender point to recover again the state of life be standard.
2. the breeding method of promotion peach according to claim 1 embryonic development, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), 3 years above peach of life of selection are precocious peach.
3. the breeding method of promotion peach according to claim 1 embryonic development, is characterized in that: in described step (2), selected peach is placed in greenhouse by solar heat and cultivates.
4. the breeding method of promotion peach according to claim 1 embryonic development, is characterized in that: in described step (3), and while controlling soil moisture content, adjustment room temperature, maintenance day temperature is the highest 25 DEG C, minimum 10 DEG C of nocturnal temperature.
5. the breeding method of promotion peach according to any one of claim 1 to 4 embryonic development, is characterized in that: the time that peach embryo is cultivated after selected peach Sheng is spent is 45 days-100 days.
6. the breeding method of promotion peach embryonic development according to claim 5, is characterized in that: when the kind benevolence of getting institute's breeding is sowed, first by after its moisturizing dormancy, then sow.
7. the breeding method of promotion peach according to claim 6 embryonic development, is characterized in that: by the kind benevolence of institute's breeding 5 DEG C of moisturizings, and keeps dormancy after 60 days, sow.
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