CN103834363B - A kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103834363B CN103834363B CN201310496472.6A CN201310496472A CN103834363B CN 103834363 B CN103834363 B CN 103834363B CN 201310496472 A CN201310496472 A CN 201310496472A CN 103834363 B CN103834363 B CN 103834363B
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Abstract
A kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material and preparation method thereof, its component comprises the american aloe fiber as material skeleton, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, basalt fibre, frictional property regulator coupling agent and filler; The parts by weight of described each component: fortifying fibre 20 ~ 30 parts, 9 ~ 16 parts, tackiness agent, frictional property regulator 8 ~ 14 parts, filler 40 ~ 50 parts.American aloe fiber after ultrasonic wave and chemical process combined pretreatment, the multiple premium propertiess such as have good heat resistance, decomposition temperature is high, and fiber is longer, and fineness irregularity is lower, and elongation at break is larger.After fibrillation process, fiber and polymer interface structure can be improved, improve the mechanical property of fiber-reinforced polymer.Prepared american aloe friction material reinforced, chemical stability is good, and heat fading performance is good, and has higher friction stability, and environmentally friendly, is environmental type friction materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to friction material for vehicle brake, be specifically related to a kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Friction materials is a kind of multi-element composite material, it is mainly made up through a series of manufacturing processing technic of fortifying fibre, binding agent (resin and rubber) and frictional property regulator three major types component and other fillers, its goods not only will have certain good friction factor and wear resistance, also possess certain thermotolerance and physical strength simultaneously.
Along with the production of domestic and international brake friction material industry, technology and market situation there occurs important change, brake material is made to be faced with severe situation, also more and more higher to its performance requriements: enough and stable frictional coefficient be had; The difference of kinematics and static friction coefficient is little; There is good thermal conductivity, larger thermal capacity and certain high temperature mechanical strength; There are good wear resistance and block resistance, not easily abrade mating plate, noiseless; Low cost, environmentally safe etc.At present; the research of external friction materials, application work are still carries out overall restructuring from aspects such as material composition, preparation method, operational path, structure design and analysis of experiments means; although the method that various countries adopt is varied; but its object is still the performance in order to improve New Type of Friction Materials without Asbestos comprehensively, to meet demand and the society requirement to environment protection of automotive industry high speed development
Mainly contain glass fibre and organic synthetic fibers as brake friction material fortifying fibre, as carbon fiber, aramid fiber etc., these filamentary material performances are homogeneous, are ideal strongtheners.But their starting material petroleum resources are but day by day exhausted, the manufacturing processed of fiber also can consume mass energy, wear debris contaminate environment simultaneously.And natural fiber source is extensive, renewable, green non-poisonous, specific tenacity inexpensive with its toxicological harmless, ecological, environmental protective, degradable, lightweight and specific modulus is high, rub resistance wearing and tearing and the good characteristic such as renewable, is more and more subject to people's attention in the application strengthening polymer matrix composite.
American aloe is sisal again, leaf fibres crop, and a ripe blade contains 1000 ~ 1200 fibrous bundles, and fiber is firmly long, fine quality, containing 60 ~ 150 fibrocytes in each fibrous bundle.It is a kind of good textile raw material that american aloe fiber has the features such as brute force is high, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, elongation is low, is suitable for making fabrics for industrial use, as rope, throws wheel, Steel Cable Yarn etc.Also spinning indoor decoration cloth is suitable for, as the product such as carpet, wall paper.Current american aloe mostly is wild state, low to the level of comprehensive utilization of its fiber, does not fully excavate its potential value.Compare with organic fibre, american aloe fiber can reduce material density, reduce its abrasion loss, but also can reduce the frictional coefficient of material simultaneously.If american aloe fiber, for strengthening suitable matrix, can make degradable friction materials, this material will obtain the huge market space.
The situation be combined with american aloe fiber/binder interface due to intensity and the wear resistance thereof of friction materials has very large relation, polymkeric substance and fiber mutually between the avidity hole that derives from fiber surface immerse resin and active group in the chemical group of mechanicals efforts, physical adsorption power and fiber surface that formed and resin-phase reacts the chemical bond formed.This patent, according to the performance requriements of friction braking material, have studied the modification process of american aloe fiber, is applied friction materials, and has carried out experimental study to the frictional behaviour of the friction materials prepared.If carry out suitable process to american aloe fiber, and the matrix suitable with enhancing mixes the environmentally-friendly friction material can making good mechanical performance, and this material will obtain the huge market space.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is shortcoming for existing friction materials and a kind of stable friction performance provided is reliable, do not bring out brake flange rust, little to brake flange wearing and tearing, antifading is good, there is good, the feature such as snappiness is good, easy break-in in work-ing life, and the american aloe fiber reinforcement environmental type friction materials of physical strength and good physical properties.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of american aloe staple fibre that adopts as strongthener, do not burn in braking procedure, do not produce obnoxious flavour and powder, there is stronger adsorptivity to powder body material, there is the preparation method of the american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material of little, shaping simple, the production efficiency advantages of higher of density.
Implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
For realizing first object of the present invention, the main ingredient of american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material is as follows: american aloe fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, basalt fibre, polyimide, epoxy adhesive, Brown Alundum increases the material that rubs, red copper powder, electrographite, process white filler, sheet frog stone, calcium carbonate crystal whisker.
For realizing second object of the present invention, the preparation technology of american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material provided by the invention, concrete technology equipment and production decision as follows:
Processing unit: disc refiner (ZSP-300), friction material formulation research Special hot press, model JFY50, electromechanical equipment institute of Jilin University manufactures; Self-control mixer, model C M100, Nantong UP Machinery Engineering Co., Ltd. produces, and can be about 1kg by batch mixing at every turn; Thermostatic drying chamber, model DHG mono-9070A, the neat new science company limited in Shanghai produces.
Technical process wherein as shown in Figure 1.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is present invention process schematic flow sheet,
First according to formula raw materials weighing listed in form, put into self-control agitator and stir 10 ~ 15min, rotating speed is 400 ~ 600r/min.Batching wherein, batch mixing, prepared burden in automatic batching system by material according to the ratio of formula, select friction materials full-automatic charge calculation machine Controlling System, this system can realize feeding in raw material automatically, metering, discharge, batch mixing.Then the raw material stirred is put into mould, be placed on chilling press, preliminary pre-molding under 35 ~ 50MPa pressure, by the transferred product of first one-step forming on thermocompressor, adopt the technique that 2 step-up temperature, 3 venting, temperature control are solidified to prepare friction materials.
In order to make, friction materials material can be stablized more, thermotolerance is higher, and delivered in holding furnace by the friction materials that hot pressing is good and heat-treat, furnace temperature remains on 200 DEG C, soaking time 4h, then with furnace temperature cooling, obtains test specimen.Friction materials after thermal treatment, its surface still needs crinosity limit, and adopt equipment for grinding that the friction materials after thermal treatment is carried out ground, the rotating speed of equipment for grinding is 30 ~ 40 revs/min, makes its surfacing.
By twice orthogonal test and a series of Adjustment Tests, finally determine that pressure sintering prepares the optimal processing parameter of american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material: wherein hot pressing temperature is 170 DEG C, pressure 55 ~ 65MPa, hot pressing time is 15 ~ 20 minutes.。
The present invention adopts american aloe fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, basalt fibre three kinds of fibers as hybrid buildup fiber simultaneously.This form can not only reduce costs, and can also accomplish " learning from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses ", thus improve material property.
Microfibre in american aloe fiber wherein consists of the cohesive action of hemicellulose and lignin.The thermotolerance of american aloe fiber is higher than other plant fiber, and decomposition temperature is high.American aloe fiberoptic fiber is longer, and fineness is little more than other bast-fibres, and fineness irregularity is lower, and elongation at break is comparatively large, and american aloe cell tight arrangement in single american aloe fiber, heteroproteose cell is few, and fabric integer is strong.It has following effect for friction materials: can improve fortifying fibre and mix degree of uniformity in friction materials, can improve the portative power of friction materials.
American aloe will through ultrasonic wave and chemical process combined pretreatment before using: american aloe fiber is cut into length 4mm, being soaked in massfraction is in the NaOH solution of 10%, immersion treatment 4h under normal temperature, be placed into again in ultrasonic generator, power is 40kHz, temperature controlling range 60 ~ 80 DEG C, then with deionized water rinsing in neutral.
In order to improve fiber and polymer interface structure, improving the mechanical property of fiber-reinforced polymer, carrying out suitable primitive fiber process to american aloe, american aloe short fiber reinforced friction materials is had, and specific tenacity is high, wear resistance is high and the advantage such as easy-formation.Before primitive fiber, american aloe fiber soaks 24h in water, and the primitive fiber of american aloe fiber carries out on disc refiner (ZSP-300), then american aloe short fiber is positioned over dry for standby in the baking oven of 80 DEG C; Show through orthogonal test analysis: massfraction be 9% the fibre-reinforced sedan car brake block of american aloe there is good mechanical property.
Organic reinforced fiber wherein adopts high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, and outstanding characteristic is the molecular weight high with it, and molecular-weight average is greater than 1,700,000, and its shock resistance is higher than contraposition aramid fiber nearly one times, and wear resistance is good.Specific tenacity is more than ten times of equal cross section steel wire, and be glass fibre and more than 2 times of aramid fiber, specific modulus is only second to superfine carbon fiber.Fibre density is low, and density is 0.97g/cm
3.Extension at break is low, and work of rupture is large, has very strong endergonic ability, and resistance to chemical attack, wear resistance, has longer flexing life.It has following effect for friction materials: friction materials can be made to have outstanding shock resistance, good endurance, and have higher friction stability.The high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber of 3% is added as strongthener in the present invention.
The inorganic reinforcing fiber adopted in the present invention is the basalt fibre that Dutch Lai Peinasi fiber company is produced.Basalt fibre is a kind of emerging novel inorganic environment-friendly and green high performance fibre material, the basalt building stones that it is made up of oxide compounds such as silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide and titanium dioxide after high-temperature fusion, by bushing Defect.Diameter range 3 ~ 15 μm, mean fibre length 125 ~ 650 μm, density 2.75Kg/dm
3, tensile strength 800GPa, elongation at break 1 ~ 2%.Basalt continuous fiber is good stability not only, but also has electrical insulating property, anticorrosive, flame resistant, the multiple excellent properties such as high temperature resistant.The high-quality basalt fiber of 16% is added as strongthener in the present invention.
The polyimide modified epoxy adhesive of high temperature resistant type selected by the tackiness agent used in patent of the present invention.The adhesivity of ordinary epoxy resin system jointing compound is good, and cohesive strength is high, and miscibility is good, but poor heat resistance, life-time service temperature is only-60 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C.And polyimide (PI) has excellent mechanical property and insulating property between-200 DEG C ~ 260 DEG C, also there is excellent wear resistance, dimensional stability.Carrying out modification with polyimide to epoxy resin can comprehensive both advantage, and cohesive force improves 1.4 times, and shearing resistance improves 1.7 times, withstands the temperature of more than 300 DEG C, obtains the high temperature resistant epoxy adhesive with good mechanical properties and cohesive strength.Various raw material can be bonded by epoxy resin through modification well, the brake facing produced not only every physical and chemical index is excellent, the heat resistanceheat resistant decline ability of brake facing can be significantly improved as friction material matrix resin, make it have good thermostability.The In Epoxy-imide Resin of 12% is added as tackiness agent in the present invention.
The frictional property regulator used in patent of the present invention to rub material for Brown Alundum increases, red copper powder, electrographite.
Brown Alundum with the vanadine of high-quality high-abrasive material high aluminium content for raw material, form through more than 2000 degree high melts in electric arc, shaping is pulverized through autogenous mill,, be sieved into multiple granularity, its quality is fine and close, hardness is high, and its outstanding feature is that crystalline size is little shock-resistant, surface dry is clean, be easy to be combined with tackiness agent, high-temperature behavior is stable especially, can effectively reduce the decline of friction materials high-temperature brake.
Red copper powder is the brass of employing high-quality is that raw material processes specially through special process, and outward appearance is irregularly shaped, has certain toughness, and quality is soft.For in friction materials, there is good cohesive force, can well with other raw material Homogeneous phase mixing, there is antifriction effect, friction materials being reduced to coiling and the wearing and tearing of wheel.In addition, red copper powder is high temperature resistant, absorbs a large amount of heats when hot mastication, and rapid heat dissipation, the temperature on surface when contributing to reducing friction materials braking.Its granularity is 40 order-80 orders, and purity is greater than 96%, proportion 8.7g/cm
3.
The electrographite adopted is produced by Wu Migao group of Switzerland (TIMCALGROUP) company.Because graphite is as carbon raw material, there is very high thermal capacitance and thermal conductivity, so can more absorb the heat transformed by frictionwork, and successfully distribute, contribute to the heat resistance improving friction materials.Electrographite is scale layer stack structure, and hardness is very low again, as antifriction material to adjust frictional coefficient, can reduce wearing and tearing; Graphite granule is rich in micropore, and the effect of tool recovery of elasticity, so be endowed good damping function, in friction materials, play the effect reducing vibrations, containment noise, reduction vibrations.In addition, electrographite is easy to be infiltrated by organic binder bond, and the cohesive strength of its particle and binding agent is very high.
Zircoaluminate coupling agent can interface between inorganic mineral filler and organic polymer, thus make basalt fibre, Resin adhesive and mineral filler form good combination, thus improve the loading level of mineral and reduce costs, and improve the performance of the finished product.
Use filler for process white filler in patent of the present invention, sheet frog stone, FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist.
Process white is produced by Zibo Yong Bin micro mist factory, fusing point 1580 DEG C, relative density: 4.50 (15 DEG C).Process white have hardness moderate, than great and nontoxic, resistant to elevated temperatures feature, thus obtain in rubbed sealing material and generally apply, in friction materials, it has been indispensable mineral filler especially.Use process white, be conducive to stable frictional coefficient, reduce wear rate, and surface of friction is smooth, clean, not easily attacks antithesis.5% process white is added as frictional property regulator in the present invention
Vermiculite is a kind of hydrous alumino silicates mineral of complex chemical composition, and chemical molecular formula is (Mg, Fe, Al) (SiAl)
4(OH)
24H
2o, often comes and go.Oblique system, color is brown, tawny and bronze-colored, oily luster.Hardness 1 ~ 1.5, proportion 2.4 ~ 2.7, fusing point 1320 DEG C ~ 1350 DEG C.Vermiculite profile is often in flakey, sheet, and scale is overlapping, can fold 1,000,000 in 1 inch thickness.Ultimate compression strength 1 ~ 1.5t/cm
2.Vermiculite have heat insulation, resistance toly to freeze, antibacterial, fire prevention, water suction, the excellent properties such as sound absorption, be a kind of novel hi-tech inorganic fibre structure and function material, for friction materials, there is mechanical property good, the advantages such as resistance to elevated temperatures is good.
FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist is the industrial powder material produced by U.S. pottersIndustriesInc., for the low density functional additive of friction materials.Chemical constitution: SiO
255 ~ 60%, Al
2o
325 ~ 30%, Fe
2o
34 ~ 10%; Particle size range: 10 ~ 50 μm; Relative density: 0.60 ~ 0.80g/cm
3; Ultimate compression strength: 3950psi (27.2MPa); Mohs' hardness: 5.Its density is very little, and same volume weight only has 1/6 of barium sulfate, not only can alleviate product weight, and can reduce production cost.FM-1 ceramic hollow microballon has good ultimate compression strength and good heat-resisting bamboo, is conducive to the fade resistance and the reduction wear rate that improve friction materials.In the present invention, the add-on of FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist in friction materials is 15%.
Embodiment:
The friction materials of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type adopts high temperature resistant type In Epoxy-imide Resin as binding agent, with american aloe fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, basalt fibre three kinds of fibers are as hybrid buildup fiber, and add corundum increase rub material, red copper powder, electrographite as frictional property regulator, improve the frictional behaviour of friction materials.For enhancing productivity and the qualification rate of friction materials, the technique that 2 step-up temperature, 3 venting, temperature control are solidified is adopted to prepare friction materials.This product forming process is simple, physical and mechanical properties good, and it is good that the friction coefficient temperature raises very little, the over-all properties of decay occurred, brake safe, effectively, ride comfort, steadily, meets contemporary automotive human oriented design requirement.
The present invention through test of many times obtain optimum formula ratio be:
| Sequence number | Title | Ratio |
| 1 | American aloe fiber | 9％ |
| 2 | High-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber | 3.5％ |
| 3 | Basalt fibre | 16％ |
| 4 | Polyimide | 4.5％ |
| 5 | Epoxy resin | 9％ |
| 6 | Brown Alundum increases the material that rubs | 2.5％ |
| 7 | Electrographite | 3.5％ |
| 8 | Red copper powder | 6％ |
| 9 | Zircoaluminate coupling agent | 3％ |
| 10 | Sheet frog stone | 18％ |
| 11 | FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist | 15％ |
| 12 | Process white filler | 10％ |
The concrete technology used of this formula and production decision:
American aloe will through ultrasonic wave and chemical process combined pretreatment before using: american aloe fiber is cut into length 4mm, being soaked in massfraction is in the NaOH solution of 10%, immersion treatment 4h under normal temperature, be placed into again in ultrasonic generator, power is 40kHz, temperature controlling range 60 ~ 80 DEG C, then with deionized water rinsing in neutral.
Carry out suitable primitive fiber process to american aloe, american aloe short fiber reinforced friction materials is had, and specific tenacity is high, wear resistance is high and the advantage such as easy-formation.Before primitive fiber, american aloe fiber soaks 24h in water, and the primitive fiber of american aloe fiber carries out on disc refiner (ZSP-300).
Select polyimide to carry out modification to epoxy resin, comprehensively both advantage, be that resin-bonded power improves 1.4 times, shearing resistance improves 1.7 times, withstands the temperature of more than 300 DEG C, obtains the high-temperature resistance adhesive with good mechanical properties and cohesive strength.
Will according to formula raw materials weighing listed in form, put into self-control agitator and stir 10 ~ 15min, rotating speed is 400 ~ 600r/min.Batching wherein, batch mixing, prepared burden in automatic batching system by material according to the ratio of formula, select friction materials full-automatic charge calculation machine Controlling System, this system can realize feeding in raw material automatically, metering, discharge, batch mixing.
The raw material stirred is put into mould, between two block pressur plates being placed on chilling press, preliminary pre-molding under 35 ~ 50MPa pressure, by the transferred product of first one-step forming on thermocompressor, adopts the technique that 2 step-up temperature, 3 venting, temperature control are solidified to prepare friction materials.Wherein hot pressing temperature is 180 DEG C, pressure 55 ~ 65MPa, and hot pressing time is 15 ~ 20 minutes.
In order to make, friction materials material can be stablized more, thermotolerance is higher, and delivered in holding furnace by the friction materials that hot pressing is good and heat-treat, furnace temperature remains on 200 DEG C, soaking time 8h, then with furnace temperature cooling, obtains test specimen.Friction materials after thermal treatment, its surface still needs crinosity limit, and adopt equipment for grinding that the friction materials after thermal treatment is carried out ground, the rotating speed of equipment for grinding is 30 ~ 40 revs/min, makes its surfacing.
The present invention obtains optimum formula system and complete processing through repeatedly orthogonal test and a series of Adjustment Tests, and american aloe friction material reinforced prepared under Optimal technique process, has reinforced effects good, stable friction factor, the advantages such as good heat resistance; Stable frictional coefficient can be kept from room temperature to high temperature, ensure that the steady of brake, especially very little in high-temperature zone wearing and tearing; And " birdie " that produces when can avoid braking, do not damage retarding disc during brake, good braking performance and good; Environmentally friendly, be environmental type friction materials.
Claims (1)
1. an american aloe fiber reinforcement Environment protection type friction material, is characterized in that: its formula is american aloe fiber 9%, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber 3.5%, basalt fibre 16%, polyimide 4.5%, epoxy resin 9%, Brown Alundum increase rub material 2.5%, electrographite 3.5%, red copper powder 6%, zircoaluminate coupling agent 3%, sheet frog stone 18%, FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist 15%, process white 10%; This formula adjusts through test of many times, shows that the formula of 9% american aloe fiber, 3.5% high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, 16% basalt fibre, polyimide 4.5%, epoxy resin 9% has optimum chemical stability, character of heat-fading and friction stability.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104405804A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 杭州科铂科技有限公司 | Mineral fiber and carbon fiber automobile brake pad and preparation method thereof |
| CN105112015A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-02 | 施招羊 | High-polymer grinding material for surface treatment |
| CN105733506B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2018-01-26 | 广西民族大学 | Coefficient of friction basalt fibre enhancing friction material and preparation method in the low load of high speed |
| CN106641049B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-31 | 四川自胜机电设备有限责任公司 | A method of brake block is prepared using basalt fibre |
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