CN103436236A - Palm fiber-reinforced environment-friendly type brake pad and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Palm fiber-reinforced environment-friendly type brake pad and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a palm fiber-reinforced environment-friendly type brake pad and a preparation method thereof. The palm fiber-reinforced environment-friendly type brake pad comprises the components of natural palm reinforced fibers taken as a material framework, ceramic fibers, melamine modified phenolic resin, a friction performance conditioning agent and a filler; the parts by weight of the components are as follows: 25-35 parts of reinforced fibers, 10-15 parts of adhesive, 8-12 parts of friction performance conditioning agent and 35-45 parts of filler. After being pretreated, the natural palm fibers have multiple good performances of being long in fibers, tenacious in texture, high in elasticity and tensile strength, wear-resistant and the like, and belong to renewable resource. Under optimal process conditions, the prepared palm fiber-reinforced brake pad can stabilize and reduce the expansion of material and improve the braking performance; the palm fiber-reinforced environment-friendly type brake pad is good in chemical stability and heat fading performance, so that the surface of the brake pad is prevented from being corroded. A great deal of gaps exist among the palm fibers, and the palm fibers are internally hollow, so that the manufactured brake pad is high in porosity, reduces the brake noise and is an ideal environment-friendly type natural fiber-reinforced material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the automobile brake brake facing, be specifically related to a kind of monkey grass and strengthen environment-friendly type brake facing and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In more than 20 year, considerable change has occurred by composition and the manufacturing process of brake facing in walking machine that the automobile of take is representative in the past, and novel brake pad has better braking ability, longer life-span and more is conducive to environmental protection and human health.The tradition nonmetal brake facing be mainly asbestos brake lining, because of its cause environmental pollution and high-temperature stability bad, by inorganic fibre, organic fibre and natural fiber, replaced gradually.At present, abroad, developed regions such as Europe, Japan, the U.S. particularly, non-asbestos brake lining is used widely.
Fortifying fibre is the main friction component of brake facing, plays a part to strengthen.Traditional material is used is the mineral fibre such as asbestos, and what in the semi-metal automobile brake sheet, use is steel fiber, adds a small amount of copper fiber and a small amount of mineral fibre thereof simultaneously.In recent years, the kind of fortifying fibre is also more and more, the wherein the most strikingly application of natural fiber.The good natural biological fiber of occurring in nature character is except seldom part is for the papermaking of weaving, and the overwhelming majority, all at the nature natural degradation, causes the huge wasting of resources.Utilizing these natural biological fibers to be prepared into the bionic structure fiber is used for strengthening brake facing and had both met mechanical property, can accord with one's environment again close friend and Sustainable development requirement.Natural fiber comes from vegetable fibre, and non-environmental-pollution is green material.With organic fibre, compare, natural fiber has unrivaled advantage: wide material sources, and nontoxic, be conducive to protection of the environment.Visible, the natural fiber brake facing of exploitation fully biodegradable not only can be widened the range of application of matrix material, also likely alleviates the environmental problem of puzzlement human development.
Adding of natural fiber, can reduce material density, reduce its abrasion loss.In order to improve brake facing in the stability of each temperature section and the affine performance of fiber and binding agent thereof, often adopt in actual applications multiple blending in of fibers to use.Natural fiber is compared with fibers such as viscose glue, aramid fibers, and it is many that price is low, is conducive to reduce the production cost of brake facing producer.
Monkey grass is a kind ofly in China, to use time-honored natural fiber, is often used in ancient times the articles for daily use such as establishment rope, straw rain cape, mattress; In the modern times, monkey grass is developed again frontiers such as being applied to prepare matrix material, resilient material.Palm is planted in extensive range in China, monkey grass strips simple and source is sufficient, and chemical constitution is with Mierocrystalline cellulose (25%～40%, quality is divided 1 number, lower same), xylogen (30%～40%), hemicellulose (15%～20%).In vegetable fibre, monkey grass has that fiber is long, strong but pliable in texture, high resilience, large, the wear-resisting wiping of tensile strength, acid and alkali-resistance, seawater corrosion resistance and the multiple premium properties such as low temperature resistant, and belongs to renewable resources.It has following effect for brake facing: monkey grass is the vascular bundle associated by hundreds of palm ultimate fibres, is three-dimensional structure, can stablize and reduce the swelling property of material, improves braking ability; Chemical stability is good, can avoid the affected by environment and electrochemical corrosion that produces such as the corrosion on brake facing surface, particularly steel fiber.Vascular bundle is rough, by similar " scale ", is covered fully, exists than multiple hole.Ultimate fibre is independent of one another, although arrange, closely has a large amount of gaps, and the ultimate fibre inner hollow, and the brake facing produced easily produces higher void content, can reduce brake noise.The monkey grass light specific gravity, the consumption that is conducive to reduce the proportion of brake facing and can reduces fiber.Monkey grass is 250 degrees centigrade of direct charings in left and right, and the carbide powder distribution of generation, on the surface of brake facing, plays the lubricated effect surely rubbed, and the heat fading that has alleviated brake facing.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is that a kind of braking ability provided for the shortcoming of existing fiber reinforcement brake facing is good, chemical stability is good, can avoid the corrosion on brake facing surface, reduce material density, reduce its abrasion loss, have shorter stopping distance and longer work-ing life, the monkey grass that makes brake facing have perfect over-all properties strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing.
Second purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of higher void content that has, can reduce brake noise and vibration, do not burn in braking procedure, powder body material is had to stronger adsorptivity, have good thermal stability with and job stability, the monkey grass that can effectively reduce brake facing high temperature decline property strengthens the preparation method of environment-friendly type brake facing.
Implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
For realizing first purpose of the present invention, the main ingredient that monkey grass strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing is as follows: monkey grass, aramid fiber, ceramic fiber, melamine modified phenolic resin, silane coupling agent, brown corundum increases the material that rubs, soft foam ferrous powder, the scale aluminium powder, artificial granular graphite, quartz powder filler, sheet frog stone, calcium sulfate crystal whiskers.
For realizing second purpose of the present invention, monkey grass provided by the invention strengthens the preparation technology of environment-friendly type brake facing, and concrete technology equipment and production decision are as follows:
Processing unit: brake facing formulating Special hot press, model JFY50, electromechanical equipment institute of Jilin University manufactures; The self-control mixer, model C M100, Nantong difficult to understand general mechanical engineering company limited produces, but each about 1kg of batch mixing; Thermostatic drying chamber, model DHG-9070A, Shanghai neat new science company limited produces.
Technical process: batching → metering → batch mixing → hot pressing → thermal treatment → surface high-temp processing → quality inspection → packing → warehouse-in.
Production decision:
Prepare by orthogonal experiment research pressure sintering the optimal processing parameter that monkey grass strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing, press temperature, press time and pressing pressure are to brake facing performance impact maximum.
To put into the self-control agitator and stir 5～8min according to listed formula raw materials weighing in form, rotating speed is 400～600r/min.Batching wherein, batch mixing are prepared burden material according to the ratio of formula in automatic batching system, select the full-automatic charge calculation machine of brake facing Controlling System, and this system can realize feeding in raw material automatically, metering, discharge, batch mixing.
The raw material stirred is put into to loft drier dry, be preheating to 80 ℃, then put into mould, preliminary pre-molding on chilling press, to thermocompressor, adopt 2 steps intensifications, 3 venting, the curing techniques of temperature control to prepare brake facing the transferred product of first one-step forming.Wherein hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, pressure 40～60MPa, and hot pressing time is 12～15 minutes.
In order to make, the brake facing material can be stablized more, thermotolerance is higher, and by hot pressing, good brake facing is delivered in holding furnace and heat-treated, and furnace temperature remains on 200 ℃, and soaking time 8h is then cooling with furnace temperature, obtains test specimen.Brake facing after thermal treatment, its surface still needs the crinosity limit, adopts equipment for grinding that the brake facing after thermal treatment is carried out to ground, and the rotating speed of equipment for grinding is 30～40 rev/mins, makes its surfacing.
The natural reinforcing fiber that the present invention adopts is monkey grass, and the monkey grass breaking tenacity is higher, and fiber is longer, linear density is little more than sisal fibers, and elongation at break is larger, palm cell close-packed arrays in single monkey grass, heteroproteose cell is few, and fabric integer is strong, is difficult for decomposing or breaking; Toughness is good, and even crooked 180 ° can not fracture yet.Monkey grass is green material, and it has following effect for brake facing: the pucker & bloat that can stablize and reduce material improves braking ability; Can avoid the affected by environment and electrochemical corrosion that produces such as the corrosion on brake facing surface, particularly steel fiber.The brake facing produced easily produces higher void content, can reduce brake noise.The monkey grass light specific gravity, the consumption that is conducive to reduce the proportion of brake facing and can reduces fiber.Through orthogonal test analysis, show: the sedan car brake block that the monkey grass that massfraction is 12% strengthens has mechanical property preferably.
Because natural piassaava fiber has strongly hydrophilic, and the interface performance between hydrophobic resin is poor, usually need to process to improve by fiber surface the interface performance of natural fiber reinforced composite.It is after 10% sodium hydroxide solution carries out alkaline purification to monkey grass that this patent adopts massfraction, and the monkey grass of alkaline purification is to neutral with deionized water rinsing, and then thermal treatment 30min in 150 ℃ of left and right baking ovens, standby.
It is raw material that aramid fiber adopts the aramid fiber macrofiber of du pont company, and its density is 1.44g/cm
3, tensile strength 2.67Gpa, unit elongation 8%, 500 ℃ of pyrolysis temperatures, staple length 0.9-1.9mm, diameter 12um.The aramid fiber molecular arrangement is regular, and degree of crystallinity and orientation degree are fine, so strength and modulus is very high, has high strength, high-modulus, high tenacity, low density and thermostability preferably.Adopt special process to be processed into velvet-like fiber, then grind fibrillation, make its surface be fluffy filoplume shape, along the many micro-fibrils of fiber axial array, form very large surface-area, there is good adsorptivity, can be well and resin and filler moistening.Can also be able to improve the friction stability of material, reduce abrasion loss, can also improve the shortcomings such as the heat fading rate of brake facing and hardness.In the present invention, add 4% aramid fiber as strongthener.
The inorganic reinforcing fiber adopted in the present invention is the ceramic fiber that brake facing factory of Changzhou credit nation produces.Ceramic fiber adopts high-quality aluminum silicate fiber (high alumina type), and through the chopped man-made mineral fiber who processes, its effect in brake facing is as follows: hardness is low, can well absorb the noise that brake facing sends because of braking; There is good resistance to elevated temperatures, extremely low thermal conductivity, it invests character of heat-fading and the swelling property that the brake facing surface can effectively reduce other cryogenic materials in brake facing, has improved the stability of brake facing in manufacture and use procedure; Effective strong adsorptivity, adsorbable various powder materials, make brake facing consolidate performance strong; Easily disperse, do not play ball, in production process, can not produce the skin irritation dust, useful to HUMAN HEALTH.In the present invention, add 14% high-quality ceramic fiber as strongthener.
The melamine modified phenolic resin that the tackiness agent used in patent of the present invention selects Shandong Huantai Jin Bo resin processing plant to produce.During brake facing is in the past produced, most widely used is common resol, but work as temperature, surpasses 200 ℃, and it is unstable that the performance of resol can become, and common resol fragility is large, easily sends larger noise during brake.At present, developed country develops and pollutes few environmental type brake facing, towards low resin content (<8%), high solidification treatment temperature (approximately 250 ℃) future development.In patent of the present invention, the method for modifying of resol is by massfraction, to be 3% trimeric cyanamide mixes with resol, then at 60 ℃ of temperature, carries out ultrasonic dispersion 50min.Can various raw materials are in addition bonding well through the resol of modification, the brake facing of producing the not only good but also glue consumption of every physical and chemical index reduces greatly, free from environmental pollution, can obviously improve the heat resistanceheat resistant decline ability of brake facing as the brake facing matrix resin, there is good friction performance.In the present invention, add 11% modified phenolic resins as tackiness agent.
The frictional property regulator used in patent of the present invention increases for brown corundum the material that rubs, soft foam ferrous powder, scale aluminium powder, artificial granular graphite.
It is raw material that the palm fibre corundum be take the vanadine of high-quality high-abrasive material high aluminium content, in electric arc, through the above high melt of 2000 degree, form, pulverize shaping through autogenous mill,, be sieved into multiple granularity, its quality is fine and close, hardness is high, its outstanding characteristics are that crystalline size is little shock-resistant, surface dry is clean, be easy to be combined with tackiness agent, high-temperature behavior is stable especially, can effectively reduce the decline of brake facing high-temperature brake.
Soft foam ferrous powder is to add whipping agent in the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus more than 1500 degree, make iron powder become loose porous object, can regulate frictional behaviour for brake facing, make stable friction factor, with respect to redeeming a vow to a god, its proportion of iron powder is lighter, and its vesicular structure is conducive to reduce brake facing goods brake noise in use.
It is that Raw material processing forms that the scale aluminium powder adopts the high wrought aluminium of purity, plays the effect of stablizing frictional coefficient and reducing wearing and tearing for all kinds of brake facings.In friction process, the fusing of metallic aluminium has absorbed a large amount of heat energy, has played the effect of heat radiation.Its granularity is 40 orders-80 orders, purity 99-85%, loose density 1.26g/cm
3.
Expanded graphite is a kind of Novel carbon material, and it has loose and porous structure, and extremely strong resistance to pressure, snappiness, plasticity-and self lubricity are arranged, and extremely strong anti-high and low temperature and extremely strong shock-resistance features.In addition, expanded graphite is nontoxic, containing any carcinogens, and environment is safe from harm.
Using filler in patent of the present invention is quartz powder filler, sheet frog stone, calcium sulfate crystal whiskers.
Silica powder is neutral mineral filler, and easily blending, matter pure color are white, and uniform granularity, with melamine modified phenolic resin
Mix wetting property good.The about 1-8mm of silica powder size used in patent of the present invention, the softness that thickness is 0.3mm have elastic irregular sheet.
Frog stone is the water aluminosilicate secondary rotten mineral of a kind of stratiform containing magnesium, have heat insulationly, anti-freeze, the excellent properties such as antibiotic, fire prevention, water suction, sound absorption, 800～1000 ℃ of lower roastings 0.5～1.0 minute, volume can increase rapidly 8～15 times, was up to 30 times.Flaky vermiculite is block, sheet, is rich in the compositions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, aluminium, iron, magnesium, silicate.The advantages such as vermiculite has higher layer charge number, therefore have higher cation exchange capacity and stronger cation exch ange adsorption ability, is a kind of novel hi-tech inorganic fibre structure and function material, has mechanical property good, and resistance to elevated temperatures is good.
Calcium sulfate crystal whiskers is fibrous single crystal, there is high strength, high-modulus, high tenacity, high-insulativity, abrasion performance, many good physicochemical properties such as high temperature resistant, inexpensive, as toughened and reinforced material, it is top-quality new type whisker material in all crystal whisker products.With silica powder, basalt be mixed fillers, and add a small amount of silane coupling agent, with melamine modified phenolic resin, mix, its bonding strength, toughness, thermotolerance, flame retardant resistance, wear resisting property all improve a lot.Use the index of calcium sulfate crystal whiskers in patent of the present invention: length 100-200um, length-to-diameter ratio 40:80, diameter 7-8um, fusing point: more than 1000.In the present invention, the add-on of calcium sulfate crystal whiskers in brake facing is 13%.
Embodiment:
The brake facing that monkey grass strengthens environment-friendly type adopts melamine modified phenolic resin as binding agent, with monkey grass, aramid fiber, ceramic fiber is as strongthener, and add corundum to increase to rub material, soft foam ferrous powder, scale aluminium powder and artificial granular graphite as frictional property regulator, improve the frictional behaviour of brake facing.For enhancing productivity and the qualification rate of brake facing, adopt that 2 steps heat up, 3 venting, the curing techniques of temperature control prepare brake facing.This product forming process is simple, raw material sources are wide, cost is low, nothing endangers, over-all properties is good, and its main performance index has reached relative national standards, is expected to become non-asbestos brake block of new generation.
The present invention through test of many times obtain the optimum formula ratio be:
| Sequence number | Title | Ratio |
| 1 | Monkey grass | 12％ |
| 2 | Aramid fiber | 4％ |
| 3 | Ceramic fiber | 14％ |
| 4 | Melamine modified phenolic resin | 11％ |
| 5 | Silane coupling agent | 1.5％ |
| 6 | The palm fibre corundum increases the material that rubs | 2.5％ |
| 7 | Soft foam ferrous powder | 5％ |
| 8 | The scale aluminium powder | 4％ |
| 9 | Artificial granular graphite | 3％ |
| 10 | Quartz powder filler | 18％ |
| 1l | Sheet frog stone | 12％ |
| 12 | Calcium sulfate crystal whiskers | 13％ |
The concrete technology used and the production decision of this formula:
Prepare by orthogonal experiment research pressure sintering the optimal processing parameter that monkey grass strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing, press temperature, press time and pressing pressure are to brake facing performance impact maximum.
It is that breaking tenacity is higher that the present invention adopts the outstanding feature of monkey grass, and fiber is longer, and linear density is little, palm cell close-packed arrays in single monkey grass, and fabric integer is strong, and toughness is good.It has following effect for brake facing: the pucker & bloat that can stablize and reduce material improves braking ability; Can avoid the affected by environment and electrochemical corrosion that produces such as the corrosion on brake facing surface, particularly steel fiber.The brake facing produced easily produces higher void content, can reduce brake noise.It is after 10% sodium hydroxide solution carries out alkaline purification to monkey grass that this patent adopts massfraction, then thermal treatment 30min in 150 ℃ of left and right baking ovens.
To put into the self-control agitator and stir 5～8min according to listed formula raw materials weighing in form, rotating speed is 400～600r/min.Batching wherein, batch mixing are prepared burden material according to the ratio of formula in automatic batching system, select the full-automatic charge calculation machine of brake facing Controlling System, and this system can realize feeding in raw material automatically, metering, discharge, batch mixing.
The raw material stirred is put into to loft drier dry, be preheating to 80 ℃, then put into mould, preliminary pre-molding on chilling press, to thermocompressor, adopt 2 steps intensifications, 3 venting, the curing techniques of temperature control to prepare brake facing the transferred product of first one-step forming.Wherein hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, pressure 40～60MPa, and hot pressing time is 12～15 minutes.
In order to make, the brake facing material can be stablized more, thermotolerance is higher, and by hot pressing, good brake facing is delivered in holding furnace and heat-treated, and furnace temperature remains on 200 ℃, and soaking time 8h is then cooling with furnace temperature, obtains test specimen.Brake facing after thermal treatment, its surface still needs the crinosity limit, adopts equipment for grinding that the brake facing after thermal treatment is carried out to ground, and the rotating speed of equipment for grinding is 30～40 rev/mins, makes its surfacing.
The present invention obtains optimum formula system and complete processing through orthogonal test repeatedly, monkey grass prepared under the optimum process condition strengthens brake facing, there is reinforced effects good, stable friction factor, produce noise little when friction work, good braking performance and good, the advantage such as environmentally friendly, be desirable environment-friendly type natural fiber strongthener.
Claims (4)
1. a monkey grass strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing, and it is characterized in that: its component comprises the natural flax fortifying fibre as the material skeleton, melamine modified phenolic resin, frictional property regulator and filler; The weight fraction of described each component: 25～35 parts of fortifying fibres, 10～15 parts, tackiness agent, 8～12 parts of frictional property regulators, 35～45 parts of fillers.
2. a kind of monkey grass according to claim 1 strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing, its feature is being used natural piassaava fiber as strongthener, after alkaline purification and thermal treatment, isolate single fiber, after coupling agent treatment, monkey grass can form bonding preferably by modified phenolic resins and filler again.It is good that prepared brake facing has chemical stability, and the heat fading performance is good, and the brake facing produced has higher void content, can reduce brake noise.
3. a kind of monkey grass according to claim 1 strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing, and its formula increases the material 2.5% that rubs, soft foam ferrous powder 5, scale aluminium powder 4%, artificial granular graphite 3%, quartz powder filler 18%, sheet frog stone 12%, calcium sulfate crystal whiskers 13% for monkey grass 12%, aramid fiber 4%, ceramic fiber 14%, melamine modified phenolic resin 11%, silane coupling agent 1.5%, brown corundum.In this formula, show that through experimental study for many years the formula rate of 12% monkey grass, 4% para-aramid fiber, 14% ceramic fiber, 11% melamine modified phenolic resin has optimum chemical stability good, the heat fading performance is good, and it is optimum that its synthetical restraint performance reaches.
4. a kind of monkey grass according to claim 1 strengthens the environment-friendly type brake facing, and its preparation technology is that hot-forming temperature is approximately 180 ℃, pressure 40～60MPa, and hot pressing time is 12～15 minutes.Show that through orthogonal test repeatedly the brake facing stable friction factor of producing under these processing condition produces noise little, good braking performance and good when friction work.
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