CN103834363A - Agave americana fiber-reinforced environment-friendly friction material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Agave americana fiber-reinforced environment-friendly friction material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an agave americana fiber-reinforced environment-friendly friction material and a preparation method thereof. The agave americana fiber-reinforced environment-friendly friction material comprises agave americana fiber serving as a material skeleton, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, basalt fiber, a friction property modifier coupling agent and filler; the content of the components is as follows: 20-30 parts of reinforcing fiber, 9-16 parts of adhesive, 8-14 parts of friction property modifier and 40-50 parts of filler. The agave americana fiber after the joint pretreatment by ultrasonic and chemical methods has multiple good properties such as good heat resistance, high decomposition temperature, relatively long fiber, relatively low fineness irregularity, relatively high elongation at break and the like. Through microfiber treatment, the interface structure between the fiber and polymer can be improved, and the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced polymer are enhanced. The prepared agave americana fiber-reinforced friction material has good chemical stability, good heat fading property and relatively high friction stability and is environment-friendly, thereby being an environment-friendly friction material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile brake friction materials, be specifically related to a kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Friction materials is a kind of multi-element composite material, it is mainly made up through a series of manufacturing processing technics of fortifying fibre, binding agent (resin and rubber) and frictional property regulator three major types component and other fillers, its goods not only will have certain good friction factor and wear resistance, also possess certain thermotolerance and physical strength simultaneously.
Along with important change has occurred for production, technology and the market situation of domestic and international brake friction material industry, make brake material be faced with severe situation, also more and more higher to its performance requriements: to have enough and stable frictional coefficient; The difference of dynamic and static frictional coefficient is little; There is good thermal conductivity, larger thermal capacity and certain high-temperature machinery intensity; There are good wear resistance and block resistance, are difficult for scratch mating plate, noiseless; Low cost, environmentally safe etc.At present; research, the application work of external friction materials are still from aspects such as material composition, preparation method, operational path, structure design and analysis of experiments means carries out overall restructuring; although the method that various countries adopt is varied; but its object is still the performance in order to improve New Type of Friction Materials without Asbestos comprehensively, to meet demand and the society requirement to environment protection of the high-speed development of automotive industry
As brake friction material fortifying fibre mainly contain glass fibre and organic synthetic fibers, as carbon fiber, aramid fiber etc., these filamentary material performance homogeneous, are comparatively desirable strongtheners.But their starting material petroleum resources are but day by day exhausted, the manufacturing processed of fiber also can consume mass energy, wear debris contaminate environment simultaneously.And natural fiber wide material sources, renewable, green non-poisonous, specific tenacity inexpensive with its toxicological harmless, ecological, environmental protective, degradable, lightweight and specific modulus is high, rub resistance wearing and tearing and the good characteristic such as renewable is more and more subject to people's attention in the application that strengthens polymer matrix composite.
American aloe is again sisal, leaf fibres crop, and a ripe blade contains 1000～1200 fibrous bundles, and fiber is firmly long, fine quality, contains 60～150 fibrocytes in each fibrous bundle.It is a kind of good textile raw material that american aloe fiber has the features such as brute force is high, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, elongation is low, is suitable for making fabrics for industrial use, as rope, throwing wheel, Steel Cable Yarn etc.Also be suitable for spinning indoor decoration cloth, as the product such as carpet, wall paper.American aloe mostly is wild state at present, low to the level of comprehensive utilization of its fiber, does not fully excavate its potential value.Compare with organic fibre, american aloe fiber can reduce material density, reduce its abrasion loss, but also can reduce the frictional coefficient of material simultaneously.If american aloe fiber, for strengthening suitable matrix, can be made degradable friction materials, this material will obtain the huge market space.
The situation of being combined with american aloe fiber/binder interface due to intensity and the wear resistance thereof of friction materials has very large relation, and the hole that polymkeric substance and the fiber avidity between mutually derives from fiber surface immerses resin and the chemical group of the mechanicals efforts, physical adsorption power and the fiber surface that form reacts the chemical bond of formation with the active group in resin-phase.This patent, according to the performance requriements of friction braking material, has been studied the modification process of american aloe fiber, is applied friction materials, and the frictional behaviour of the friction materials of preparing has been carried out to experimental study.If american aloe fiber is carried out to suitable processing, and with strengthen suitable matrix and mix the environmentally-friendly friction material that can make good mechanical performance, this material is by the market space huge acquisition.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is that a kind of stable friction performance providing for the shortcoming of existing friction materials is reliable, do not bring out brake flange rust, little to brake flange wearing and tearing, antifading is good, there is good, the feature such as snappiness is good, easy break-in in work-ing life, and physical strength and the good american aloe fiber reinforcement environmental type friction materials of physicals.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of american aloe staple fibre that adopts as strongthener, in braking procedure, do not burn, do not produce obnoxious flavour and powder, powder body material is had to stronger adsorptivity, have that density is little, moulding is simple, the preparation method of the american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials of production efficiency advantages of higher.
Implementation method of the present invention is as follows:
For realizing first object of the present invention, the main ingredient of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials is as follows: american aloe fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, basalt fibre, polyimide, epoxy adhesive, brown corundum increases the material that rubs, red copper powder, electrographite, process white filler, sheet frog stone, calcium carbonate crystal whisker.
For realizing second object of the present invention, the preparation technology of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials provided by the invention, concrete technology equipment and production decision are as follows:
Processing unit: disc refiner (ZSP-300), friction material formulation research Special hot press, model JFY50, electromechanical equipment institute of Jilin University manufactures; Self-control mixer, model C M100, Nantong Ao Pu mechanical engineering company limited produces, at every turn can the about 1kg of batch mixing; Thermostatic drying chamber, model DHG mono-9070A, Shanghai neat new science company limited produces.
Technical process wherein as shown in Figure 1.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention,
First according to listed formula raw materials weighing in form, put into self-control agitator and stir 10～15min, rotating speed is 400～600r/min.Batching wherein, batch mixing are prepared burden material according to the ratio of formula in automatic batching system, select the full-automatic charge calculation machine of friction materials Controlling System, and this system can realize reinforced automatically, metering, discharge, batch mixing.Then the raw material stirring is put into mould, be placed on chilling press, preliminary pre-molding under 35～50MPa pressure, to thermocompressor, adopts 2 steps intensifications, 3 venting, the curing techniques of temperature control to prepare friction materials the transferred product of first one-step forming.
In order to make, friction materials material can be stablized more, thermotolerance is higher, and the good friction materials of hot pressing is delivered in holding furnace and heat-treated, and furnace temperature remains on 200 ℃, and soaking time 4h is then cooling with furnace temperature, obtains test specimen.Friction materials after thermal treatment, its surface still needs crinosity limit, adopts equipment for grinding that the friction materials after thermal treatment is carried out to ground, and the rotating speed of equipment for grinding is 30～40 revs/min, makes its surfacing.
By twice orthogonal test and a series of adjustment test, finally determine that pressure sintering prepares the optimal processing parameter of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials: wherein hot pressing temperature is 170 ℃, pressure 55～65MPa, hot pressing time is 15～20 minutes.。
The present invention adopts american aloe fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, three kinds of fibers of basalt fibre as mixing fortifying fibre simultaneously.This form can not only reduce costs, and can also accomplish " learning from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses ", thereby improves material property.
Microfibre in american aloe fiber wherein consists of the cohesive action of hemicellulose and lignin.The thermotolerance of american aloe fiber is higher than other plant fiber, and decomposition temperature is high.American aloe fiberoptic fiber is longer, and fineness is little more than other bast-fibres, and fineness irregularity is lower, and elongation at break is larger, american aloe cell close-packed arrays in single american aloe fiber, and heteroproteose cell is few, and fabric integer is strong.It has following effect for friction materials: can improve the mix degree of uniformity of fortifying fibre at friction materials, can improve the portative power of friction materials.
American aloe will pass through ultrasonic wave and chemical process combined pretreatment before using: american aloe fiber is cut into length 4mm, be soaked in massfraction and be in 10% NaOH solution, immersion treatment 4h under normal temperature, be placed into again in ultrasonic generator, power is 40kHz, 60～80 ℃ of temperature controlling range, are then neutral with deionized water rinsing.
In order to improve fiber and polymer interface structure, improve the mechanical property of fiber-reinforced polymer, american aloe is carried out to suitable primitive fiber processing, make american aloe staple fibre strengthen that friction materials has that specific tenacity is high, wear resistance is high and the advantage such as easy-formation.Before primitive fiber, american aloe fiber soaks 24h in water, and the primitive fiber of american aloe fiber carries out on disc refiner (ZSP-300), then american aloe short fiber is positioned over to dry for standby in the baking oven of 80 ℃; Show through orthogonal test analysis: the fibre-reinforced sedan car brake block of american aloe that massfraction is 9% has good mechanical property.
Organic reinforced fiber wherein adopts high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, and outstanding characteristic is the molecular weight high with it, and molecular-weight average is greater than 1,700,000, and its shock resistance is higher nearly one times than contraposition aramid fiber, and wear resistance is good.Specific tenacity is more than ten times of equal cross section steel wire, is more than 2 times of glass fibre and aramid fiber, and specific modulus is only second to superfine carbon fiber.Fibre density is low, and density is 0.97g/cm
3.Extension at break is low, and work of rupture is large, has very strong endergonic ability, and resistance to chemical attack, wear resistance, has longer flexing life.It has following effect for friction materials: can make friction materials there is outstanding shock resistance, and good endurance, and there is higher friction stability.In the present invention, add 3% high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber as strongthener.
The inorganic reinforcing fiber adopting in the present invention is the basalt fibre that Dutch Lai Peinasi fiber company is produced.Basalt fibre is a kind of emerging novel inorganic environment-friendly and green high performance fibre material, the basalt building stones that it is made up of oxide compounds such as silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide and titanium dioxide, after high-temperature fusion, form by bushing Defect.Diameter range 3～15 μ m, mean fibre length 125～650 μ m, density 2.75Kg/dm
3, tensile strength 800GPa, elongation at break 1～2%.Basalt continuous fiber is good stability not only, but also has electrical insulating property, anticorrosive, flame resistant, the multiple excellent properties such as high temperature resistant.In the present invention, add 16% high-quality basalt fiber as strongthener.
The tackiness agent using in patent of the present invention is selected the polyimide modified epoxy adhesive of high temperature resistant type.Ordinary epoxy resin is that the adhesivity of jointing compound is good, and cohesive strength is high, and miscibility is good, but poor heat resistance, life-time service temperature is only-60 ℃～150 ℃.And polyimide (PI) has good mechanical property and insulating property between-200 ℃～260 ℃, also there is good wear resistance, dimensional stability.Epoxy resin is carried out to comprehensively both advantages of modification with polyimide, cohesive force improves 1.4 times, and shearing resistance improves 1.7 times, withstands 300 ℃ of above temperature, obtains having the high temperature resistant epoxy adhesive of good mechanical properties and cohesive strength.Can various raw materials are in addition bonding well through the epoxy resin of modification, the brake facing of producing not only every physical and chemical index is good, the heat resistanceheat resistant decline ability that can obviously improve brake facing as friction material matrix resin, makes it have good thermostability.In the present invention, add 12% In Epoxy-imide Resin as tackiness agent.
The frictional property regulator using in patent of the present invention increases the material that rubs, red copper powder, electrographite for brown corundum.
Palm fibre corundum is take the vanadine of high-quality high-abrasive material high aluminium content as raw material, in electric arc, form through the above high melt of 2000 degree, pulverize shaping through autogenous mill,, be sieved into multiple granularity, its quality densification, hardness are high, its outstanding feature is that crystalline size is little shock-resistant, surface dry is clean, be easy to be combined with tackiness agent, high-temperature behavior is stable especially, can effectively reduce the decline of friction materials high-temperature brake.
Red copper powder is that the brass of employing high-quality is that raw material processes specially through special process, and it is irregularly shaped that outward appearance is, and has certain toughness, quality softness.For friction materials, there is good cohesive force, can well evenly mix with other raw materials, there is antifriction effect, can reduce the wearing and tearing of friction materials to dish and wheel.In addition, red copper powder is high temperature resistant, absorbs a large amount of heats in the time of hot mastication, and rapid heat dissipation, the temperature on surface while contributing to reduce friction materials braking.Its granularity is 40 order-80 orders, and purity is greater than 96%, proportion 8.7g/cm
3.
The electrographite adopting is to be produced by company of Wu Migao group of Switzerland (TIMCAL GROUP).Because graphite is as carbon raw material, there is very high thermal capacitance and thermal conductivity, thus can more absorb the heat being transformed by frictionwork, and successfully distribute, contribute to improve the heat resistance of friction materials.Electrographite is scale layer stack structure, and hardness is very low again, can be used as antifriction material to adjust frictional coefficient, can reduce wearing and tearing; Graphite granule is rich in micropore, and the effect of tool recovery of elasticity, so be endowed good damping function, plays the effect that reduces vibrations, containment noise, reduces vibrations in friction materials.In addition, electrographite is easy to be infiltrated by organic binder bond, and the cohesive strength of its particle and binding agent is very high.
Zircoaluminate coupling agent can inorganic mineral filler and organic polymer between interface, thereby make basalt fibre, resin sizing agent and mineral filler form good combination, thereby improve the loading level of mineral and reduce costs, and improving the performance of the finished product.
In patent of the present invention, use filler for process white filler, sheet frog stone, FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist.
Process white is produced by Zibo Yong Bin micro mist factory, 1580 ℃ of fusing points, relative density: 4.50 (15 ℃).Process white have hardness moderate, than great and nontoxic, resistant to elevated temperatures feature, thereby in friction sealed material, obtained generally application, it is special that in friction materials, it has been indispensable mineral filler.Use process white, be conducive to stablize frictional coefficient, reduce wear rate, and surface of friction is smooth, clean, be difficult for attacking antithesis.In the present invention, add 5% process white as frictional property regulator
Vermiculite is a kind of hydrous alumino silicates mineral of complex chemical composition, chemical molecular formula be (Mg, Fe, Al) (SiAl)
4(OH)
24H
2o, often comes and go.Oblique system, color is brown, tawny and bronze-colored, oily luster.Hardness 1～1.5, proportion 2.4～2.7,1320 ℃～1350 ℃ of fusing points.Vermiculite profile is often flakey, sheet, and scale is overlapping, can fold 1,000,000 in 1 inch thickness.Ultimate compression strength 1～1.5t/cm
2.The excellent properties such as vermiculite has heat insulation, resistance toly to be frozen, antibacterial, fire prevention, water suction, sound absorption, are a kind of novel hi-tech inorganic fibre structure and function materials, have mechanical property good for friction materials, the advantage such as resistance to elevated temperatures is good.
FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist is the industrial powder body material of being produced by U.S. potters Industries Inc., for the low density functional additive of friction materials.Chemical constitution: SiO
255～60%, Al
2o
325～30%, Fe
2o
34～10%; Particle size range: 10～50 μ m; Relative density: 0.60～0.80g/cm
3; Ultimate compression strength: 3950psi (27.2MPa); Mohs' hardness: 5.Its density is very little, and same volume weight only has 1/6 of barium sulfate, not only can alleviate product weight, and can reduce production costs.FM-1 ceramic hollow microballon has good ultimate compression strength and good heat-resisting bamboo, is conducive to improve the fade resistance of friction materials and reduces wear rate.In the present invention, the add-on of FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist in friction materials is 15%.
Embodiment:
The friction materials of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type adopts high temperature resistant type In Epoxy-imide Resin as binding agent, with american aloe fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, three kinds of fibers of basalt fibre are as mixing fortifying fibre, and add corundum increasing to rub material, red copper powder, electrographite as frictional property regulator, improve the frictional behaviour of friction materials.For enhancing productivity and the qualification rate of friction materials, adopt that 2 steps heat up, 3 venting, the curing techniques of temperature control are prepared friction materials.This product forming process is simple, physical and mechanical properties good, and the friction coefficient temperature raises, and the decay occurring is very little, over-all properties is good, brake safe, effective, and ride comfort, steady, meets contemporary automobile human oriented design requirement.
The present invention through test of many times obtain optimum formula ratio be:
| Sequence number | Title | Ratio |
| 1 | American aloe fiber | 9％ |
| 2 | High-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber | 3.5％ |
| 3 | Basalt fibre | 16％ |
| 4 | Polyimide | 4.5％ |
| 5 | Epoxy resin | 9％ |
| 6 | Palm fibre corundum increases the material that rubs | 2.5％ |
| 7 | Electrographite | 3.5％ |
| 8 | Red copper powder | 6％ |
| 9 | Zircoaluminate coupling agent | 3％ |
| 10 | Sheet frog stone | 18％ |
| 11 | FM-1 ceramic hollow micro mist | 15％ |
| 12 | Process white filler | 10％ |
The concrete technology using and the production decision of this formula:
American aloe will pass through ultrasonic wave and chemical process combined pretreatment before using: american aloe fiber is cut into length 4mm, be soaked in massfraction and be in 10% NaOH solution, immersion treatment 4h under normal temperature, be placed into again in ultrasonic generator, power is 40kHz, 60～80 ℃ of temperature controlling range, are then neutral with deionized water rinsing.
American aloe is carried out to suitable primitive fiber processing, make american aloe staple fibre strengthen that friction materials has that specific tenacity is high, wear resistance is high and the advantage such as easy-formation.Before primitive fiber, american aloe fiber soaks 24h in water, and the primitive fiber of american aloe fiber carries out on disc refiner (ZSP-300).
Select polyimide to carry out modification to epoxy resin, comprehensively both advantages, are that resin-bonded power improves 1.4 times, and shearing resistance improves 1.7 times, withstands 300 ℃ of above temperature, obtains having the high-temperature resistance adhesive of good mechanical properties and cohesive strength.
Will be according to listed formula raw materials weighing in form, to put into self-control agitator and stir 10～15min, rotating speed is 400～600r/min.Batching wherein, batch mixing are prepared burden material according to the ratio of formula in automatic batching system, select the full-automatic charge calculation machine of friction materials Controlling System, and this system can realize reinforced automatically, metering, discharge, batch mixing.
The raw material stirring is put into mould, be placed between two block pressur plates of chilling press, preliminary pre-molding under 35～50MPa pressure, to thermocompressor, adopts 2 steps intensifications, 3 venting, the curing techniques of temperature control to prepare friction materials the transferred product of first one-step forming.Wherein hot pressing temperature is 180 ℃, pressure 55～65MPa, and hot pressing time is 15～20 minutes.
In order to make, friction materials material can be stablized more, thermotolerance is higher, and the good friction materials of hot pressing is delivered in holding furnace and heat-treated, and furnace temperature remains on 200 ℃, and soaking time 8h is then cooling with furnace temperature, obtains test specimen.Friction materials after thermal treatment, its surface still needs crinosity limit, adopts equipment for grinding that the friction materials after thermal treatment is carried out to ground, and the rotating speed of equipment for grinding is 30～40 revs/min, makes its surfacing.
The present invention obtains optimum formula system and complete processing through orthogonal test repeatedly and a series of adjustment test, and prepared american aloe friction material reinforced under optimum process condition, has reinforced effects good, stable friction factor, the advantages such as good heat resistance; From room temperature to high temperature, can keep stable frictional coefficient, guarantee the steady of brake, especially very little in high-temperature zone wearing and tearing; And " birdie " that produces can avoid braking time, when brake, do not damage retarding disc, good braking performance and good; Environmentally friendly, be environmental type friction materials.
Claims (4)
1. an american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials, is characterized in that: its component comprises the american aloe fiber as material skeleton, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, basalt fibre, frictional property regulator coupling agent and filler; The weight fraction of described each component: 20～30 parts of fortifying fibres, 9～16 parts, tackiness agent, 8～14 parts of frictional property regulators, 40～50 parts of fillers.
2. a kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials according to claim 1, its feature is being used american aloe fiber as strongthener, after ultrasonic wave and chemical process combined pretreatment, isolate single fiber, again after fibrillation is processed, improve fiber and polymer interface structure, can improve fortifying fibre and mix degree of uniformity in friction materials, can improve the portative power of friction materials.
3. a kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials according to claim 1, its formula increases rub material 2.5%, electrographite 3.5%, red copper powder 4%, zircoaluminate coupling agent 3%, sheet frog stone 18%, ceramic hollow micro mist 15%, process white 10% for american aloe fiber 9%, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber 3.5%, basalt fibre 16%, polyimide 4.5%, epoxy resin 9%, brown corundum.This formula is through test of many times adjustment, it is good that the formula that shows 9% american aloe fiber, 3.5% high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber, 16% basalt fibre, 13.5% In Epoxy-imide Resin has optimum chemical stability, heat fading performance is good, and stable friction performance is reliable.
4. a kind of american aloe fiber reinforcement environment-friendly type friction materials according to claim 1, its preparation technology is that hot-forming temperature is approximately 170 ℃, pressure 55～65MPa, hot pressing time is 15～20 minutes.Through test of many times, adjustment shows, the brake facing stable friction factor of producing under these processing condition, and wear rate is low, and it is optimum that its physical and mechanical properties reaches.
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| CN105733506A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-07-06 | 广西民族大学 | High-speed low-load basalt fiber-reinforced frictional material with moderate frictional coefficient and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104405804A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 杭州科铂科技有限公司 | Mineral fiber and carbon fiber automobile brake pad and preparation method thereof |
| CN105112015A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2015-12-02 | 施招羊 | High-polymer grinding material for surface treatment |
| CN105733506A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-07-06 | 广西民族大学 | High-speed low-load basalt fiber-reinforced frictional material with moderate frictional coefficient and preparation method thereof |
| CN105733506B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2018-01-26 | 广西民族大学 | Coefficient of friction basalt fibre enhancing friction material and preparation method in the low load of high speed |
| CN106641049A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-10 | 四川自胜机电设备有限责任公司 | Method for preparing brake pad from basalt fiber |
| CN106641049B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-31 | 四川自胜机电设备有限责任公司 | A method of brake block is prepared using basalt fibre |
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| CN103834363B (en) | 2016-01-13 |
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