CN103834095B - 一种中空板及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种中空板及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种中空板及其制作方法,由包括以下重量份的组分制成:热塑性树脂40~50份,连续纤维束50~60份,接枝剂1~5份,抗氧剂0.4~0.6份,本发明采用层压法工艺,将由连续纤维增强热塑性树脂制成的带状预浸料按照0°/90°方式进行铺叠,放置于模具内进行热成型制成。可通过改变中空的位置,增加板材的高度,从而提升板材的强度,减少板材重量,降低成本。具有高强度、高模量、耐腐蚀、耐水性好,不导电等特点,且加工简便,易清洁,成型周期短生产中的废料和终制品均可100%回收,属“绿色”产品技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,尤其是涉及一种连续纤维增强树脂预浸料所制成的中空板及其制作方法。
背景技术
目前,中空板作为一种环保型塑料板材,广泛适用于建筑行业,广告行业,农业,室内养殖业及包装行业等相关领域。目前,中空板大多采用PP、PC、PE、PVC、ABS等相关塑料为原料,通过一次性挤出工艺加工而成。其包括有面板和框架及连接在两者之间的等距设置的板材,具有质轻,美观,无毒,防腐及阻燃的特点,且具有一定保温隔热效果。但现有技术的中空板板型单一,虽然整体单方向强度高,但相对垂直方向强度差,自身搭接或与其他型材搭接配合比较困难。
连续纤维热塑性增强板材因其具有较好的力学性能而被广泛应用,但由于其成本较高,故不能够得到广泛的推广。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种由连续纤维增强热塑性树脂制成的中空板,相比现有中空板,具备强度高、耐冲击、各个方向强度一致的优点。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种由连续纤维增强热塑性树脂制成的中空板的制备方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种中空板,由包括以下重量份的组分制成:
优选的,所述的热塑性树脂选自聚烯烃或聚酰胺中的一种几种。
优选的,所述的聚烯烃选自均聚聚丙烯或共聚聚丙烯中的一种或一种以上。
更优选的,所述聚酰胺选自聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚酰胺1010、聚酰胺12中的一种或一种以上。
优选的,所述的连续纤维束选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维或芳香族聚酰胺纤维中的一种或一种以上。
优选的,所述的接枝剂为聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐;
优选的,所述的抗氧剂选自四(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸)季戊四醇酯、三(2.4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、2,6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚、双(3,5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚、N,N′-双-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基)己二胺或硫代二丙酸双酯中的一种或一种以上。
中空板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将上述原料制成预浸带并进行裁剪,按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°~90°的方式进行铺放,铺放过程中将芯材插入预浸带的中间,铺放好后放入热成型机的模具中;
(2)设置热成型机的上模板温度为预浸带的熔融温度,下模板温度为预浸带的软化温度,无压力合模,合模后进行预热;
(3)经过加压热压,保温保压一段时间后冷压,冷压至预浸带软化温度后,减小压力,抽出芯材;
(4)保持压力,继续冷却,当冷却至室温时,取出制品,得到中空板。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述的预浸带采用以下方法制作得到;
按重量份称取热塑性树脂40~50份,接枝剂1~5份,抗氧剂0.4~0.6份混合均匀后加入挤出机中,采用交错可开合双挤出模头组挤出,在模头处与经过多个机械辊压展纤后的50~60重量份的连续纤维束进行浸润复合,再经过辊压成型,以辊筒缠绕卷曲方式制成预浸带。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述的预浸带的铺放方式为按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°/90°的方式进行铺放,铺放厚度为3~8mm;
优选的,所述的模具和芯材的表面设有脱模材料,该脱模材料为硅油型脱模剂、氟型脱模剂、聚醚型脱模剂或喷涂在模具表面或芯材表面的氮化硼涂层或特氟龙涂层或铺放在模具表面或芯材表面的熔点高于预浸带基体树脂熔点20℃以上的聚酯薄膜中的一种或一种以上。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述预热的时间为1~5min;
优选的,步骤(3)中所述热压的压力为0.6~2.5MPa,保温保压的时间为8~10min;
优选的,步骤(3)中所述的冷压工艺为:预浸带温度每降低10~20℃,压力增加0.3~0.5MPa。
优选的,所述的芯材为长条状,截面形状为圆形,长条形,方形,梯形或菱形,芯材为钢制或聚四氟乙烯材质;
优选的,所述热成型机为真空袋热成型机或模压热成型机,热成型机的加热方法选自导热油加热、电加热或电磁辐射加热。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:
1、本发明的连续纤维增强中空板,包括对预浸料原料及成型方法的选择,可以做到设备简单,价格低廉,工艺要求不高,绿色环保。
2、本发明所采用的层压法生产出的中空板,可以通过改变中空的位置,提升板材的高度和强度从而减轻板材重量,提升板材的竞争力。
3、本发明采用此法生产出的中空板相比其他中空板具有以下优势:强度高,模量高;耐腐蚀,耐水性好,对多种酸、碱呈惰性;不导电,介电强度高;加工简便,易清洁;不需特殊的贮存条件,贮存寿命长;成型压力和温度低,可减少模具成本;成型周期短,可重复成型;设计灵活性好,可选择适当的纤维种类、纤维含量和纤维取向来满足具体用途的要求;生产中的废料和终制品均可100%回收,属“绿色”产品技术。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中中空板的截面示意图。
图2为实施例2中中空板的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯中空板,其结构如图1所示。本实例选取连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯为原料,将50份的聚丙烯,3份接枝剂,0.5份抗氧剂加入挤出机中,在模头处与经过多个机械辊压展纤后的50份的连续玻璃纤维束进行浸润复合,再经过辊压成型,以辊筒缠绕卷曲方式制成预浸带。
制作中空板的规格为2000mm*1500mm*10mm,其制备方法如下:
(1)将带状预浸带进行裁剪,按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°/90°的方式进行铺放,铺放厚度为5mm;
(2)在铺放好的预浸带中按间距60mm均匀插入表面喷涂有聚四氟乙烯的5mm直径的钢制圆柱形芯材后,放入热成型机的模具中,模具与预浸料的接触面铺放一层PET薄膜,薄膜表面喷涂有硅油型脱模剂;
(3)设置热成型机的上模板温度为180℃,下模板温度为140℃,无压力合模,合模后进行预热;
(4)预热1-3min后,预浸带软化,下模板温度达到180℃,将压力调至1MPa,保温保压10min后,停止加热,下模板通水进行冷却;
(5)冷却过程中,预浸带温度每降低10℃,压力增加0.3Mpa,冷却至预浸带玻璃化温度后,减小压力,抽出芯材。
(6)保持1MPa压力,继续冷却,当冷却至室温时,取出样件,得到中空板。
实施例2
一种连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯中空板,其结构如图2所示。本实例选取连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯为原料,将50份的聚丙烯,3份接枝剂,0.5份抗氧剂加入挤出机中,在模头处与经过多个机械辊压展纤后的50份的连续玻璃纤维束进行浸润复合,再经过辊压成型,以辊筒缠绕卷曲方式制成预浸带。制作中空板的规格为2000mm*1500mm*12mm,其制备方法如下:
(1)将带状预浸带进行裁剪,按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°/90°的方式进行铺放,铺放厚度为5mm;
(2)在铺放好的预浸带中插入以表面喷涂有硅油脱模剂的PET薄膜包裹的5mm直径的钢制圆柱形芯材后,放入模压热成型机的模具中,模具与预浸料的接触面铺放一层PET薄膜,其中芯层的铺放方式为按照距离预浸带上表面4mm和距离预浸带下表面4mm的方式交错平行排列,芯材间距为40mm;
(3)设置热成型机的上模板温度为180℃,下模板温度为140℃,无压力合模,合模后进行预热;
(4)预热3-4min后,预浸带软化,下模板温度达到180℃,将压力调至1.2MPa,保温保压10min后,停止加热,下模板通水进行冷却;
(5)冷却过程中,预浸带温度每降低10℃,压力增加0.4Mpa,冷却至预浸带玻璃化软化温度后,减小压力到1.2MPa,抽出芯材。
(6)保持1.2MPa压力,继续冷却,当冷却至室温时,取出样件,得到中空板。
实施例1与实施例2中所采用的预浸料的厚度相同,由于芯材厚度相同,改变芯材的位置即可压制出不同厚度的板材,由于纤维排列均匀,所得板材各个方向上受力相同,所以可以根据实际情况,可使板材减重,降低成本。
实施例3
连续玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺中空板,本实例选取连续玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺为原料,将50份的聚酰胺,3份接枝剂,0.5份抗氧剂加入挤出机中,在模头处与经过多个机械辊压展纤后的50份的连续玻璃纤维束进行浸润复合,再经过辊压成型,以辊筒缠绕卷曲方式制成预浸带。制作中空板的规格为2000mm*1500mm*10mm,其制备方法如下:
(1)将带状预浸带进行裁剪,按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°/90°的方式进行铺放,铺放厚度为5mm;
(2)在铺放好的预浸带中按间距60mm均匀插入以表面喷涂有聚四氟乙烯的厚度5mm的钢制方形芯材后,放入真空袋热成型机的模具中,模具与预浸料的接触面铺放一层双硅PET薄膜。
(3)抽真空预热,预热压力为0.3MPa,预热温度为235℃;
(4)预热3min后,预浸带软化,将压力调至0.5MPa,保温保压10min后,停止加热,通水进行冷却;
(5)冷却过程中,预浸带温度每降低10℃,压力增加0.4Mpa,冷却至预浸带玻璃化温度后,减小压力到0.5MPa,抽出芯材。
(6)保持0.5MPa压力,继续冷却,当冷却至室温时,取出样件,得到中空板。
实施例4
一种中空板,由以下含量的原料制作得到:热塑性树脂40kg、连续纤维束60kg、接枝剂1kg、抗氧剂0.4kg,其中,使用的热塑性树脂为均聚聚丙烯和共聚聚丙烯的混合物,连续纤维束采用的是碳纤维和硼纤维,接枝剂为聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐,抗氧剂采用2,6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚。
中空板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制作预浸带:按上述组分含量称取热塑性树脂、接枝剂和抗氧剂,混合均匀后加入挤出机中,采用交错可开合双挤出模头组挤出,在模头处与经过多个机械辊压展纤后的连续纤维束进行浸润复合,再经过辊压成型,以辊筒缠绕卷曲方式制成预浸带。
(2)将预浸带并进行裁剪,按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°~90°的方式进行铺放至厚度为3mm,铺放过程中将长条状,截面为圆形的钢制芯材插入预浸带的中间,铺放好后放入真空袋热成型机的模具中,在模具和芯材的表面均设有聚醚型脱模剂;
(3)热成型机采用导热油加热,设置热成型机的上模板温度为预浸带的熔融温度,下模板温度为预浸带的软化温度,无压力合模,合模后进行预热1min;
(4)控制热压的压力为0.6MPa进行加压热压,保温保压8min后冷压,冷压时预浸带温度每降低10℃,压力增加0.3MPa,直至预浸带软化温度后,减小压力,抽出芯材;
(5)保持压力,继续冷却,当冷却至室温时,取出制品,得到中空板。
实施例5
一种中空板,由以下含量的原料制作得到:热塑性树脂45kg、连续纤维束55kg、接枝剂5kg、抗氧剂0.6kg,其中,使用的热塑性树脂为聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66的混合物,连续纤维束采用的是芳香族聚酰胺纤维,接枝剂为聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐,抗氧剂采用N,N′-双-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基)己二胺。
中空板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制作预浸带:按上述组分含量称取热塑性树脂、接枝剂和抗氧剂,混合均匀后加入挤出机中,采用交错可开合双挤出模头组挤出,在模头处与经过多个机械辊压展纤后的连续纤维束进行浸润复合,再经过辊压成型,以辊筒缠绕卷曲方式制成预浸带。
(2)将预浸带并进行裁剪,按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°~90°的方式进行铺放至厚度为8mm,铺放过程中将长条状,截面为菱形的聚四氟乙烯材质芯材插入预浸带的中间,铺放好后放入模压热成型机的模具中,在模具和芯材的表面均设有特氟龙涂层;
(3)热成型机采用电磁辐射加热,设置热成型机的上模板温度为预浸带的熔融温度,下模板温度为预浸带的软化温度,无压力合模,合模后进行预热5min;
(4)控制热压的压力为2.5MPa进行加压热压,保温保压10min后冷压,冷压时预浸带温度每降低20℃,压力增加0.5MPa,直至预浸带软化温度后,减小压力,抽出芯材;
(5)保持压力,继续冷却,当冷却至室温时,取出制品,得到中空板。
对实施例1~3制得的中空板进行性能测试,测试结果见表1:
表1
弯曲强度(MPa) | 弯曲模量(GP) | 冲击强度(KJ/m2) | |
测试标准 | ASTMD 790 | ASTMD 790 | JG 149-2003 |
实施例1 | 220 | 10 | 160 |
实施例2 | 200 | 8.5 | 150 |
实施例3 | 240 | 12.5 | 130 |
从表1中可以看出,实施例1与实施例2相比,由于实施例2的厚度增加,原料的厚度没变化,故板材的整体性能低于实施例1。实施例3由于树脂的基体换为聚酰胺,使得材料的弯曲性能高于聚丙烯,但由于聚酰胺的冲击性较差,故原料特性决定于板材性能,使用人员可根据板材的实际使用情况进行合理改进。
中空板通过中国环境标志产品认证,当产品使用寿命终结可完全回收再利用。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(0)中空板由包括以下重量份的组分制成:热塑性树脂40~50,连续纤维束50~60,接枝剂1~5,抗氧剂0.4~0.6;
(1)将上述原料制成预浸带并进行裁剪,按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°~90°的方式进行铺放,铺放过程中将芯材插入预浸带的中间,铺放好后放入热成型机的模具中;
(2)设置热成型机的上模板温度为预浸带的熔融温度,下模板温度为预浸带的软化温度,无压力合模,合模后进行预热;
(3)经过加压热压,保温保压一段时间后冷压,冷压至预浸带软化温度后,减小压力,抽出芯材;
(4)保持压力,继续冷却,当冷却至室温时,取出制品,得到中空板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的预浸带采用以下方法制作得到:
按重量份称取热塑性树脂40~50份,接枝剂1~5份,抗氧剂0.4~0.6份混合均匀后加入挤出机中,采用交错可开合双挤出模头组挤出,在模头处与经过多个机械辊压展纤后的50~60重量份的连续纤维束进行浸润复合,再经过辊压成型,以辊筒缠绕卷曲方式制成预浸带。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,
步骤(1)中所述的预浸带的铺放方式为按照预浸带中连续纤维方向以0°/90°的方式进行铺放,铺放厚度为3~8mm;
所述的模具和芯材的表面设有脱模材料,该脱模材料为硅油型脱模剂、氟型脱模剂、聚醚型脱模剂或喷涂在模具表面或芯材表面的氮化硼涂层或特氟龙涂层或铺放在模具表面或芯材表面的熔点高于预浸带基体树脂熔点20℃以上的聚酯薄膜中的一种或一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,
步骤(2)中所述预热的时间为1~5min;
步骤(3)中所述热压的压力为0.6~2.5MPa,保温保压的时间为8~10min;
步骤(3)中所述的冷压工艺为:预浸带温度每降低10~20℃,压力增加0.3~0.5MPa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,
所述的芯材为长条状,截面形状为圆形,长条形,方形,梯形或菱形,芯材为钢制或聚四氟乙烯材质;
所述热成型机为真空袋热成型机或模压热成型机,热成型机的加热方法选自导热油加热、电加热或电磁辐射加热。
6.根据权利要求1所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,所述的热塑性树脂选自聚烯烃或聚酰胺。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,所述的聚烯烃选自均聚聚丙烯或共聚聚丙烯中的一种或一种以上;所述聚酰胺选自聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚酰胺1010、聚酰胺12中的一种或一种以上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,所述的连续纤维束选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维或芳香族聚酰胺纤维中的一种或一种以上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的中空板的制作方法,其特征在于,
所述的接枝剂为聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐;
所述的抗氧剂选自四(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸)季戊四醇酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、2,6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚、双(3,5-三级丁基-4-羟基苯基)硫醚、N,N'-双-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基)己二胺或硫代二丙酸双酯中的一种或一种以上。
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