CN103819808A - 低烟无卤电缆料和射频电缆 - Google Patents

低烟无卤电缆料和射频电缆 Download PDF

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CN103819808A
CN103819808A CN201410084632.0A CN201410084632A CN103819808A CN 103819808 A CN103819808 A CN 103819808A CN 201410084632 A CN201410084632 A CN 201410084632A CN 103819808 A CN103819808 A CN 103819808A
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鲁培宇
金尖炳
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Abstract

本发明提供一种低烟无卤电缆料和射频电缆。低烟无卤电缆料包括如下重量份数的原料组分:线型低密度聚乙烯35份,低密度聚乙烯35份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物30份,氢氧化镁40份,氢氧化铝40份,微胶囊化红磷8份,单烷氧基钛酸酯1.6份,抗氧剂1010为0.6份,抗氧化剂DLTP为0.2份,双酚A为0.2份。本发明提供的低烟无卤电缆料及采用该电缆料制成的射频电缆,在遭到火灾时,不会助燃,不会产生烟雾。因材料中不含卤素,燃烧时不会产生毒气,对环境无害,是一种环保材料。

Description

低烟无卤电缆料和射频电缆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆料配方,尤其涉及一种低烟无卤电缆料和射频电缆。
背景技术
火灾事故中,电线电缆引起的火灾不容忽视。据不完全统计,因电线电缆所引起的火灾占35%以上,在火灾人员中有三分之二是因为吸入电线电缆燃烧时释放处的有毒气体而窒息死亡。
传统电缆的最外层的主要材料为聚氯乙烯,即PVC(Polyvinyl chloridepolymer),且含有卤系阻燃剂。该材料在燃烧时发烟量大,产生大量腐蚀性气体和有毒气体(如氯气、HBr等),对灭火及人员逃生带来了不利影响,使得火灾救援更加困难。同时释放的腐蚀性气体,使得火灾现场的电器遭到腐蚀而被破坏。另外,卤系阻燃剂在生产、运输、储藏、废弃产品的回收过程中会毒性积累以及产生致癌物质。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术中电缆起火时会产生大量腐蚀性气体和有毒气体的问题,提供一种低烟无卤电缆料和射频电缆。
为了实现本发明的一目的,本发明提供一种低烟无卤电缆料,包括如下重量份数的原料组分:线型低密度聚乙烯35份,低密度聚乙烯35份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物30份,氢氧化镁40份,氢氧化铝40份,微胶囊化红磷8份,单烷氧基钛酸酯1.6份,抗氧剂1010为0.6份,抗氧化剂DLTP为0.2份,双酚A为0.2份。
于本发明的一实施例中,线型低密度聚乙烯采用DFDA-7450,低密度聚乙烯采用18D,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物采用EA800,氢氧化镁采用1500目,氢氧化铝采用1500目。
于本发明的一实施例中,低烟无卤电缆料还包括2.4重量份的碳黑。
为了实现本发明的另一目的,本发明还提供一种射频电缆,包括电缆芯、聚乙烯层、第一铝箔层、铝合金编织网、第二铝箔层和低烟无卤聚烯烃层。电缆芯为铜包钢。聚乙烯层包覆电缆芯。第一铝箔层包覆聚乙烯层。铝合金编织网包覆第一铝箔层。第二铝箔层包覆铝合金编织网。低烟无卤聚烯烃层包覆第二铝箔层,低烟无卤聚烯烃层采用低烟无卤电缆料制成。低烟无卤电缆料包括如下重量份数的原料组分:线型低密度聚乙烯35份,低密度聚乙烯35份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物30份,氢氧化镁40份,氢氧化铝40份,微胶囊化红磷8份,单烷氧基钛酸酯1.6份,抗氧剂1010为0.6份,抗氧化剂DLTP为0.2份,双酚A为0.2份。
于本发明的一实施例中,线型低密度聚乙烯采用DFDA-7450,低密度聚乙烯采用18D,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物采用EA800,氢氧化镁采用1500目,氢氧化铝采用1500目。
于本发明的一实施例中,低烟无卤电缆料还包括2.4重量份的碳黑。
于本发明的一实施例中,铝合金编织网采用64编。
综上所述,本发明提供的低烟无卤电缆料及采用该电缆料制成的射频电缆,在遭到火灾时,不会助燃,不会产生烟雾。因材料中不含卤素,燃烧时不会产生毒气,对环境无害,是一种环保材料。另外,本发明的射频电缆阻燃性能及机械性能俱佳。
为让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举较佳实施例,并配合附图,作详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明提供的射频电缆的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的低烟无卤电缆料包括如下重量份数的原料组分:线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)35份,低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)35份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)30份,氢氧化镁40份,氢氧化铝40份,微胶囊化红磷8份,单烷氧基钛酸酯1.6份,抗氧剂1010为0.6份,抗氧化剂DLTP为0.2份,双酚A为0.2份。
LLDPE、LDPE和EVA燃烧时的发烟量低、产生的气体腐蚀性低,作为本发明低烟无卤电缆料的基料。三种基料间不同的配比会对材料物理机械性能产生影响。于本实施例中,线型低密度聚乙烯采用DFDA-7450,低密度聚乙烯采用18D,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物采用EA800。
本发明采用氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝和微胶囊化红磷构成复合阻燃体系。磷系阻燃剂受热时分解生成热稳定性强的聚偏磷酸,在燃烧物表面形成隔离层。另外,聚偏磷酸有脱水作用,促进炭化,使表面形成炭化膜,从而起到阻燃作用。对环境污染少,阻燃剂含量较少就能达到好的阻燃效果,且对聚合物材料的各种性能影响小。
由于红磷易吸湿,会放出有毒磷化氢,其次有机磷系阻燃剂也有发烟量大、毒性大、易水解、热稳定性不足的缺点。因此本发明对红磷进行改性处理,将红磷进行微胶囊化,进行表面包覆,并且数量限定为8个重量份,从而无需增加消烟剂也不会增加太多发烟量。
金属氢氧化物阻燃剂无毒、腐蚀小、价格低、热稳定性好,是无公害阻燃剂。氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝的阻燃机理是分解时吸收大量燃烧热,降低体系的温度,使材料不易着火。生成的氧化物沉积在材料表面,起隔绝空气的作用。生成的大量水蒸气会稀释燃烧区的氧浓度,同时水蒸气会吸收烟雾,起一定的消烟作用。由于无机阻燃剂是亲水性物质,而基料为亲油性,两者热力学上互不相容,从而限制了无机阻燃剂的填充量,降低其分散性。因此,本发明优选1500目的氢氧化铝和1500目的氢氧化镁,从而在无机阻燃剂添加之前进行表面改性,大大提高其分散性。
本发明采用单烷氧基钛酸酯为偶联剂,双酚A为光稳定剂。为了防止或减慢LLDPE和LDPE的光氧老化作用,在电缆料中添加具有遮蔽光作用的稳定剂,如炭黑或紫外线吸收剂。于本实施例中,本发明添加了2.4重量份的炭黑,炭黑作为颜料,给电缆着色的同时兼作抗紫外线剂。
于本实施例中,低烟无卤电缆料还可包括润滑剂0.6-1.6重量份,润滑剂选自硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、石蜡、PE蜡,润滑剂的作用是使材料易于加工,不会在机筒中粘连。
抗氧剂1010和抗氧化剂DLTP构成复合抗氧化体系。抗氧剂1010,即四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯,抗氧剂DLTP,即硫代二丙酸双月桂酯。抗氧剂的作用是延长材料老化寿命。
于实际应用中,将基料、阻燃剂、抗氧剂、偶联剂、光稳定剂、抗紫外剂和润滑剂按照配比放入高速混合机中,在1500-3000rpm的转速下高速混合1-3分钟。高速混合后,在500-1000rpm的转速下低速混合并出料。将混合好的原料放入双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,获得低烟无卤电缆料。双螺杆挤出造粒机的转速为180-600转/分,温度为200-280℃。
对本发明的低烟无卤电缆料进行检测,所获的各项性能数值如表1所示。
表1为电缆料的性能检测结果
Figure BDA0000474720910000031
Figure BDA0000474720910000041
氧指数(OI,oxygen index)是指在规定的条件下,材料在氧氮混合气流中进行有焰燃烧所需的最低氧浓度。以氧所占的体积百分数的数值来表示。氧指数是表示材料燃烧性能的一个重要指数。氧指数越大,表明材料越难于燃烧。一般认为氧指数27属难燃材料。从表1中可知,本发明的低烟无卤电缆料的氧指数为30,大大高于一般电缆料,具有阻燃效果。
综上所述,由表1中数据可知,根据本发明配方制得的电缆料,不含卤素及重金属元素等,对环境无害,且阻燃性能与机械性能俱佳。
本发明提供一种射频电缆,包括电缆芯1、聚乙烯层2、第一铝箔层3、铝合金编织网4、第二铝箔层5和低烟无卤聚烯烃层6。电缆芯1为铜包钢。聚乙烯(PE)层2包覆电缆芯1。第一铝箔层3包覆聚乙烯层2。铝合金编织网4包覆第一铝箔层3。第二铝箔层5包覆铝合金编织网4。低烟无卤聚烯烃层6包覆第二铝箔层5,低烟无卤聚烯烃层6采用低烟无卤电缆料制成。
于本实施例中,铝合金编织网4采用64编。
现有的射频电缆仅有一层双面铝箔,本发明的射频电缆在铝合金编织网外增加了第二铝箔层5,从而电缆的屏蔽性更强,韧性更好。
采用低烟无卤阻燃电缆料制成的电缆最外层,使得电缆在燃烧状态下不仅具有阻燃性,而且还具有低发烟性和无害性(低毒性和无腐蚀性气体产生)等特殊的性能。同时具有一定的机械、物理与电气性能,能满足特定场所对电缆的使用要求。
综上所述,本发明提供的低烟无卤电缆料及采用该电缆料制成的射频电缆,在遭到火灾时,不会助燃,不会产生烟雾。因材料中不含卤素,燃烧时不会产生毒气,对环境无害,是一种环保材料。另外,本发明的射频电缆阻燃性能及机械性能俱佳。
虽然本发明已由较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟知此技艺者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,可作些许的更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所要求保护的范围为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种低烟无卤电缆料,其特征在于,包括如下重量份数的原料组分: 
Figure FDA0000474720900000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的低烟无卤电缆料,其特征在于,线型低密度聚乙烯采用DFDA-7450,低密度聚乙烯采用18D,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物采用EA800,氢氧化镁采用1500目,氢氧化铝采用1500目。 
3.根据权利要求1所述的低烟无卤电缆料,其特征在于,所述低烟无卤电缆料还包括2.4重量份的碳黑。 
4.一种射频电缆,其特征在于,包括: 
电缆芯,为铜包钢; 
聚乙烯层,包覆所述电缆芯; 
第一铝箔层,包覆所述聚乙烯层; 
铝合金编织网,包覆所述第一铝箔层; 
第二铝箔层,包覆所述铝合金编织网; 
低烟无卤聚烯烃层,包覆所述第二铝箔层,所述低烟无卤聚烯烃层采用低烟无卤电缆料制成,所述低烟无卤电缆料包括如下重量份数的原料组分: 
Figure FDA0000474720900000012
Figure FDA0000474720900000021
5.根据权利要求4所述的射频电缆,其特征在于,线型低密度聚乙烯采用DFDA-7450,低密度聚乙烯采用18D,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物采用EA800,氢氧化镁采用1500目,氢氧化铝采用1500目。 
6.根据权利要求4所述的射频电缆,其特征在于,所述低烟无卤电缆料还包括2.4重量份的碳黑。 
7.根据权利要求4所述的射频电缆,其特征在于,所述铝合金编织网采用64编。 
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