CN103819330B - 催化裂化制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法 - Google Patents

催化裂化制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法 Download PDF

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CN103819330B
CN103819330B CN201410074095.1A CN201410074095A CN103819330B CN 103819330 B CN103819330 B CN 103819330B CN 201410074095 A CN201410074095 A CN 201410074095A CN 103819330 B CN103819330 B CN 103819330B
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唐昌盛
袁志红
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Jiangsu Dongding Chemical Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由蓖麻油生产尼龙11树脂的工艺,具体为该工艺中蓖麻油制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法。蓖麻油与甲醇发生酯交换生成蓖麻油酸甲酯;蓖麻油酸甲酯催化裂化生成10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;减压精馏分离10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;10-十一烯酸甲酯经皂化、酸化制得10-十一烯酸。蓖麻油酸甲酯和水(或水蒸汽)按质量比1:0.5~2混合,预热到200~400℃,进入装有催化剂的裂化炉,在温度400~500℃下裂化生成10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛。由于催化作用,使裂化温度大大降低,从而减少了双键的聚合与异构化、产物的二次裂解、结焦等副反应,大大提高了10-十一烯酸和庚醛收率。

Description

催化裂化制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由蓖麻油生产尼龙11树脂的工艺,具体为该工艺中蓖麻油制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法。
背景技术
尼龙11化学名称为聚十一内酰胺,英文名称为Polyundecancylamide(简写为PA11),化学结构式为H[NH(CH2)10CO]nOH,是以蓖麻油为原料合成的长碳链柔软尼龙,是聚酰胺类工程塑料中的一个重要品种。尼龙11生产主要包括10-十一烯酸生产、11-氨基十一酸生产、单体聚合与树脂改性几个部分。
国内蓖麻油生产10-十一烯酸的工艺主要有两种:一种是传统的铅浴裂解技术,将蓖麻油酸甲酯和水蒸汽混合通往高温的铅液中裂解,铅液容易随着裂解产物挥发出来,带来严重的环境污染,而且容易结焦。另一种是蓖麻油直接裂解工艺,将蓖麻油预热到150~200℃和过热水蒸汽按配比,进入塔式裂解炉,加热到500~600℃进行热裂解,产出10-十一烯酸和庚醛产品。该工艺由于蓖麻油粘度大,流动性差且难于气化,结焦更难控制。
以上两种方法都是基于热裂解工艺,由于热裂解温度过高,双键的聚合与异构化反应、产品的二次裂解、结焦等副反应比率很大,产品收率难以提高。
发明内容
本发明针对现有热裂解工艺存在的问题,提供了一种催化裂化制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法。
本发明包含如下的步骤:
a、蓖麻油与甲醇发生酯交换生成蓖麻油酸甲酯;
b、蓖麻油酸甲酯催化裂化生成10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;
c、减压精馏分离10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;
d、10-十一烯酸甲酯经皂化、酸化制得10-十一烯酸。
催化裂化装置如图1所示:包含一套预热炉和两套裂化炉,炉体为细长型不锈钢管,外套管式电加热炉,预热炉内填惰性导热填料,裂化炉内填裂化催化剂。
蓖麻油酸甲酯与水(或水蒸汽)以质量比1:0.5~2混合,进入预热炉加热到200~400℃,引入裂化炉,在400~500℃温度下催化裂化生成10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛。
所用催化剂为酸性分子筛催化剂,优选孔体积与孔径较大、水热稳定性好、粒度较大的ZSM-5择形沸石、超稳Y型沸石等进行改性,可以得到适合本反应的高效裂化催化剂。
催化剂Ⅰ的制备:将HZSM-12分子筛催化剂(Si/Al摩尔比为100)与辛酸镁乙醇溶液按固液比1:5(g/mL)的比例混合,在室温下搅拌2h,乙醇溶剂自然蒸干后所得的样品经110℃干燥、采用程序升温的方法4h升温到500℃,并于500℃焙烧4h,得到MgO沉积改性的HZSM-12分子筛催化剂。
MgO在分子筛上沉积并不改变分子筛的结构,MgO在分子筛表面呈高度分散状态,通过改变MgO在分子筛上的沉积量可以调变分子筛的孔道尺寸和表面酸性,经MgO沉积改性后,HZSM-12分子筛能有效地抑制积炭的发生,抗失活能力显著提高。
催化剂Ⅱ的制备:HZSM-5置于NH4F溶液中浸渍6h后,于100℃干燥12h,500℃焙烧4h,得到F-ZSM-5,在室温下用盐酸水溶液处理6h,洗涤,过滤,烘干,焙烧,用H2PtCl6溶液进行等体积浸渍,室温静置12h后于120℃干燥12h,450℃焙烧4h,得到复合改性的Pt/HCl/F-ZSM-5催化剂。
采用NH4F/Pt对高硅HZSM-5分子筛进行复合改性后,分子筛的酸量减少,B/L值增大,大幅度提高了催化剂的稳定性、裂化选择性。一定范围内,Pt负载量增大有利于改善催化剂的活性。
作为优化催化裂化包括以下步骤:将蓖麻油酸甲酯以5.8ml/min滴加,水以6.0ml/min滴加,混合进入预热炉加热到250℃,引入裂化炉,在420℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集得到10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;所述预热炉采用Φ30×1000mm不锈钢管,内填陶瓷拉西环填料;所述裂化炉采用Φ40×1000mm不锈钢管,内填催化剂Ⅰ。
作为优化催化裂化包括以下步骤:将蓖麻油酸甲酯与水蒸汽以质量比1:1.5混合,进入预热炉加热到300℃,引入裂化炉,在450℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集,进行减压分馏,得到10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛。所述预热炉采用Φ100×2000mm不锈钢管,内填不锈钢拉西环填料,所述裂化炉采用Φ200×2000mm不锈钢管,内填催化剂Ⅱ。
催化剂可以再生,重复使用。
催化裂化炉可以多个并连使用,交替进行裂化反应和催化剂再生,适应规模化连续生产。预热炉根据生产能力需要也可以多套并联或串联使用。
本发明的突出优势在于:由于催化作用,使反应温度大大降低,从而减少了双键的聚合与异构化反应、产品的二次裂解、结焦等副反应,提高了裂化的10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛收率。
附图说明
图1为本发明催化裂化装置示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
预热炉采用Φ30×1000mm不锈钢管,内填陶瓷拉西环填料,裂化炉采用Φ40×1000mm不锈钢管,内填裂化催化剂Ⅰ。预热炉与裂化炉外套管式电加热炉,采用温控仪自动化控制炉内温度。在预热炉与裂化炉出口分别检测预热温度与裂化温度。
蓖麻油酸甲酯以5.8ml/min滴加,水以6.0ml/min滴加,混合进入预热炉加热到250℃,引入裂化炉,在420℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集称重,用气相色谱分析10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛含量。计算得10-十一烯酸甲酯收率46.5%,庚醛收率25.7%。
实施例2:
预热炉采用Φ30×1000mm不锈钢管,内填陶瓷拉西环填料,裂化炉采用Φ40×1000mm不锈钢管,内填裂化催化剂Ⅱ。预热炉与裂化炉外套管式电加热炉,采用温控仪自动化控制炉内温度。在预热炉与裂化炉出口分别检测预热温度与裂化温度。
蓖麻油酸甲酯以4.5ml/min滴加,水以6.0ml/min滴加,混合进入预热炉加热到350℃,引入裂化炉,在480℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集称重,用气相色谱分析10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛含量。计算得10-十一烯酸甲酯收率48.3%,庚醛收率26.4%。
实施例3:
预热炉采用Φ30×1000mm不锈钢管,内填陶瓷拉西环填料,裂化炉采用Φ40×1000mm不锈钢管,内填裂化催化剂Ⅰ。预热炉与裂化炉外套管式电加热炉,采用温控仪自动化控制炉内温度。在预热炉与裂化炉出口分别检测预热温度与裂化温度。
蓖麻油酸甲酯以7.5ml/min滴加,水以5.0ml/min滴加,混合进入预热炉加热到280℃,引入裂化炉,在460℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集称重,用气相色谱分析10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛含量。计算得10-十一烯酸甲酯收率45.8%,庚醛收率24.2%。
实施例4:
预热炉采用Φ100×2000mm不锈钢管,内填不锈钢拉西环填料,裂化炉采用Φ200×2000mm不锈钢管,内填裂化催化剂Ⅱ。预热炉与裂化炉外套管式电加热炉,采用温控仪自动化控制炉内温度。在预热炉与裂化炉出口分别检测预热温度与裂化温度。
蓖麻油酸甲酯与水蒸汽以质量比1:1.5混合,进入预热炉加热到300℃,引入裂化炉,在450℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集,进行减压分馏,得到10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛。10-十一烯酸甲酯经皂化、酸化制得10-十一烯酸产品。10-十一烯酸收率44.8%,庚醛收率25.3%。
定期对裂化炉催化剂进行再生处理,将裂化炉加热到700℃左右,吹入空气2小时,以烧尽催化剂吸附的焦炭,恢复催化剂活性。

Claims (3)

1.催化裂化制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
a、蓖麻油与甲醇发生酯交换生成蓖麻油酸甲酯;
b、蓖麻油酸甲酯催化裂化生成10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;
催化裂化装置包含一套预热炉和两套裂化炉,炉体为细长型不锈钢管,外套管式电加热炉,预热炉内填惰性导热填料,裂化炉内填催化剂;
所述催化剂采用以下方法之一制得,(1)将HZSM-12分子筛催化剂与辛酸镁乙醇溶液按固液比1:5g/mL的比例混合,在室温下搅拌2h,乙醇溶剂自然蒸干后所得的样品经110℃干燥、采用程序升温的方法4h升温到500℃,并于500℃焙烧4h,得到MgO沉积改性的HZSM-12分子筛催化剂;
(2)将HZSM-5置于NH4F溶液中浸渍6h后,于100℃干燥12h,500℃焙烧4h,得到F-ZSM-5,在室温下用盐酸水溶液处理6h,洗涤,过滤,烘干,焙烧,用H2PtCl6溶液进行等体积浸渍,室温静置12h后于120℃干燥12h,450℃焙烧4h,得到复合改性的Pt/HCl/F-ZSM-5催化剂;
所述的催化裂化包括以下步骤:将蓖麻油酸甲酯和水按质量比1:0.5~2混合,预热到200~400℃,进入装有催化剂的裂化炉,在温度400~500℃下裂化生成10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;
c、减压精馏分离10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;
d、10-十一烯酸甲酯经皂化、酸化制得10-十一烯酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法,其特征在于,所述的催化裂化包括以下步骤:
将蓖麻油酸甲酯以5.8ml/min滴加,水以6.0ml/min滴加,混合进入预热炉加热到250℃,引入裂化炉,在420℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集得到10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;
所述预热炉采用Φ30×1000mm不锈钢管,内填陶瓷拉西环填料;
所述裂化炉采用Φ40×1000mm不锈钢管,内填裂化催化剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化裂化制取10-十一烯酸和庚醛的方法,其特征在于,所述的催化裂化包括以下步骤:
将蓖麻油酸甲酯与水以质量比1:1.5混合,进入预热炉加热到300℃,引入裂化炉,在450℃温度下催化裂化,裂化混合气体冷凝收集,进行减压分馏,得到10-十一烯酸甲酯和庚醛;
所述预热炉采用Φ100×2000mm不锈钢管,内填不锈钢拉西环填料,
所述裂化炉采用Φ200×2000mm不锈钢管,内填催化剂。
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