CN103819279A - Special organic-biomaterial-wrapped controlled-release fertilizer for wheat and production process thereof - Google Patents
Special organic-biomaterial-wrapped controlled-release fertilizer for wheat and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to wrapped controlled-release fertilizers and particularly relates to a special organic-biomaterial-wrapped controlled-release fertilizer for wheat and a production process thereof. The special organic-biomaterial-wrapped controlled-release fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 73-75% of fertilizer core, 23-25% of wrapping layer, 1.0-1.5% of binder and 0.5% of seal brightener, wherein the fertilizer core is a special compounded fertilizer which is applied to wheat sowing after corn stalks are returned to field, and the special compounded fertilizer consists of a urea fertilizer, a diammonium phosphate fertilizer, a potassium chloride fertilizer and clay and contains 25-27% of elemental nitrogen, 15-17% of phosphorus pentoxide and 7-9% of potassium oxide; the wrapping layer is a bio-organic material which is formed through uniformly mixing, stacking and composting 70-75% of chicken manure, 20-25% of weathered coal, 4-5% of rice bran or wheat bran and 1-2% of decomposition agent; and the binder is water glass or modified starch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, specifically a grow wheat special organic-biological material coated Controlled Release Fertilizer and production technique thereof.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer accounts for 50% of full scale production expenditure in agriculture production, also brings 55% increases in grain production to developing country.But due to the combined influence of fertilizer character, edatope condition and the characteristic of chemical fertilizer self and unreasonable using, cause the problems such as utilization ratio is low, the wasting of resources, environmental pollution.China's chemical fertilizer this season utilization ratio nitrogen is 30～35% at present, phosphorus is 10～20%, potassium is 35～50%, nitrogenous fertilizer this season utilization ratio is lower than World Developed Countries 10～15%, and account for 30～50% by the nitrogen of the loss such as leaching, volatilization, the problems of ecological security such as nitrate nitrogen content in underground water eutrophication, vegetables exceeds standard, the increase of nitrous oxide emission amount that this causes.Therefore, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, reduce the environmental pollution that chemical fertilizer application causes, development more and more causes social common concern with development of new fertilizer.
Control (delaying) release fertilizer is to preset the nutrient release mode of fertilizer at the whole breeding cycle of crop by various mechanism, measure, its nutrient element releasing rule is synchronizeed with Crop nutrient rule, thereby improve the novel fertilizer of a kind of environmental friendliness of utilization rate of fertilizer, there is the features such as utilization rate of fertilizer is high, fertilizer application amount is few, saving fertilising labor force, environmental protection, become the following primary study direction of China's fertilizer industry.But because coated fertilizer cost is higher, complex process and nutrient release mode and crop need fertile characteristic to misfit, and causes utilization rate of fertilizer to improve the problems such as not obvious and unstable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention releases the fertile problem existing in order to solve chemical fertilizer and control (delaying), and a grow wheat special organic-biological material coated Controlled Release Fertilizer and production technique thereof are provided.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the special organic-biological material of wheat coated Controlled Release Fertilizer is to be made up of the starting material of following weight percent, fertile core 73～75%, integument 23～25%, binding agent 1.0～1.5%, sealing brightening agent 0.5%; Described fertile core is the compound fertilizer special for sowing wheat after maize straw, compound fertilizer special, by urea fertilizer, diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, Repone K chemical fertilizer and Clay composition, contains 25～27% nitrogen element, 15～17% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 7～9% potassium oxide in this Chemical Mixed Fertilizer; Described integument is by 70～75% chicken manures, 20～25% weathered coals, 4～5% rice brans or wheat bran and 1～2% decomposing agent blending and piling biological organic materials that forms of fermentation that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Described binding agent is water glass or treated starch.
Decomposing agent described in the present invention is straw decomposing bacterium; Treated starch in binding agent can adopt the treated starch of any native starch in this area.What described sealing brightening agent adopted is the conventional fertilizer granulation sealing brightening agent using in this area.
The ratio that adopts each starting material in fertile core of the present invention (urea fertilizer, diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, Repone K chemical fertilizer and clay), can make total nutrient >=50% in fertile core, can make wheat effectively utilize the nutrient in fertile core, does not cause again waste.Urea fertilizer, diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, Repone K chemical fertilizer that the present invention adopts are domestic conventional chemical fertilizer, in urea fertilizer, containing N46.2%, contain N18%, contain P in diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer
2o
546%, Repone K chemical fertilizer is containing K
2o50%.
The special organic-biological material of wheat of the present invention coated Controlled Release Fertilizer can adopt the production technique of the conventional Controlled Release Fertilizer in this area, but adopt the production technique of the special organic-biological material of wheat of the present invention coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, waiting under nutrient condition (proportioning is identical), 90% above grain diameter, between 3～4mm, is more conducive to the absorption of wheat; Wheat grain yield is than conventional production process volume increase 6.53～9.79%, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 5.12～17.84%, and phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency improves 2.13～3.69%, and potassium utilization rate improves 4.36～15.28%, and soil organic matter content improves 0.0041～0.016g/kg; Production technique is simple, this controlled-release fertilizer production technique required equipment is for producing commercially available Chemical Mixed Fertilizer equipment, do not need to increase other equipment, only need the technological process of production to transform slightly, can realize production, therefore, production technique is easy, production process does not only produce environmental pollution, also reduces the pollution of chicken manure to air and water source.
The special organic-biological material of wheat of the present invention coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1), for sowing wheat after maize straw, straw decomposing and the Wheat Seedling more formation biology of required nitrogen of growing is striven nitrogen, if a little less than executing nitrogen hunger and easily causing Miao Huangmiao, before winter and winter freeze calamity serious, develop this Controlled Release Fertilizer proiprietary formula, increase nitrogen ratio in this formula, and suitably reduce potassium element ratio; The Controlled Release Fertilizer of using this formula fertilizer makees base manure without enriching other nitrogenous fertilizer again, can avoid seedling stage biology to strive nitrogen, is conducive to cultivate strong sprout before the winter;
(2), make full use of abundant chicken manure and weathered coal resource, by the biological organic-capping material of the ripe rear formation of the mycocriny that becomes thoroughly decomposed, both eliminated chicken manure stink, activated organic nutrient activity in chicken manure, bring into play again the adsorptivity of weathered coal, simultaneously by digest process make to become thoroughly decomposed bacterium expand numerous, be conducive to promote that maize straw becomes thoroughly decomposed; Wherein in chicken manure, be rich in organic nitrogen-containing material, can be decomposed into organic molecule nitrogen by becoming thoroughly decomposed, more easily absorbed by wheat; Weathered coal has stronger adsorptivity, and both stinks in adsorbable chicken manure can absorb again the nitrogen phosphorus potassium small molecules in chemical fertilizer, improves nutrientuse efficiency; In weathered coal, be rich in the organic active composition that various plants can absorb simultaneously, also can react with part available nutrient in chemical fertilizer generate nutrient more comprehensively, the organic nutrient substance that is easier to be absorbed by plants, increase the soil organism, improve soil aggregate, and cheap; In chicken manure and weathered coal digest process, add decomposing agent, both accelerated digest process, can promote the bacterium amount reproduction that becomes thoroughly decomposed simultaneously, the biological organic-capping layer of the bacterium of becoming thoroughly decomposed is rich in formation, after being manured into soil, still can promote that maize straw becomes thoroughly decomposed, increase the soil organism, improve Soil structure, cultivate high-yield field edaphic condition;
(3), with low cost, environmental protection, controlled release properties is good, plant recovery of nutrient is high.Take biological organic materials as integument, bring into play these material excellent adsorption, be rich in the characteristic of various nutrients, can improve the controllability of nutrient, improve fertilizer releasing period.These material prices are cheap simultaneously, the feature of environmental protection is good, be rich in the required multiple nutrient of wheat growth, provide nutrient for soil microorganisms and wheat, activate edaphon and soil enzyme activities, npk nutrient utilization ratio is significantly improved, not contaminated soil environment;
(4), nutrient discharges with wheat regulation of fertilizer requirement substantially identical.Wheat special bio organic materials coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, through test of many times, is updated proportioning and production technique by indoor release test and field release test, finally forms, and this product is black particle.Draft the control (delaying) of formulation according to people such as Liu Gang and release fertile rower HG/T3931-2007 method, its fertilizer releasing period and wheat growth stage are suitable, can meet the nutrient demand of Growth of Wheat phase;
(5), the wheat special bio material coated Controlled Release Fertilizer made of the present invention, solved that the coated such as inorganic sulfur, macromolecule resin Controlled Release Fertilizer thin-film material cost is high, complex process, nutrient release mode and crop regulation of fertilizer requirement differ larger problem.Compared with equivalent azophoska is joined and is executed, can increase production wheat 30 ~ 45kg/ mu, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer utilising efficiency improve respectively 5.12 ~ 17.48%, 2.13～3.69% and 4.36 ~ 15.28%, and soil organic matter content improves 0.0041 ~ 0.016g/kg; The special organic-biological material of the wheat coated Controlled Release Fertilizer that simultaneously the present invention makes has that preparation technology is simple, cost is low and environmental protection, fertilizer efficiency are long, utilization rate of fertilizer high.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The production technique of the special organic-biological material of wheat coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, the steps include:
A. the preparation of fertile core: 296.1kg urea fertilizer, 253.9kg diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, 131.4kg Repone K chemical fertilizer and 48.6kg clay are pulverized, mixed, by the granulation of disc granulation equipment, make the special fertilizer core of 95% above particle diameter between 2～3mm through screening; In this Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, contain 25% nitrogen element (182.5kg), 16% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (116.8kg), 9% potassium oxide (65.7kg);
B. the preparation of integument: by 175kg(70%) chicken manure, 62.5kg(25%) weathered coal, 10kg(4%) rice bran and 2.5kg(1%) decomposing agent blending and piling becomes thoroughly decomposed, and pulverizes 63 mesh sieves, forms biological organic materials;
C. wrap up granulation: by disc granulation equipment and spray 15kg water glass biological organic materials is wrapped on special fertilizer core, parcel balling-up reaches 85% when above, and particle enters drying cylinder bake drying, cooling, sieve;
D. post-processed: seal brightening agent with 5kg particle is sprayed, screening makes 90% above grain diameter between 3～4mm, through metering, packing.
In this coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, contain fertile core 73%, integument 25%, binding agent 1.5%, sealing brightening agent 0.5%.
Through the wheat special bio material parcel Controlled Release Fertilizer of this proportioning or technique manufacture, within 2 years, wheat field experiment result shows, under nutrient condition, can make wheat grain yield join and execute volume increase 8.66% than nitrogen phosphorus potassium, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 16.48%, phosphate fertilizer utilising efficiency improves 2.13%, and potassium utilization rate improves 4.36%, and the soil organism improves 0.0041g/kg.
embodiment 2
The production technique of the special organic-biological material of wheat coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, the steps include:
A. the preparation of fertile core: 307.8kg urea fertilizer, 271.7kg diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, 103kg Repone K chemical fertilizer and 52.5kg clay are pulverized, mixed, by the granulation of disc granulation equipment, make the special fertilizer core of 95% above particle diameter between 2～3mm through screening; In this Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, contain 26% nitrogen element (191.1kg), 17% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (125kg), 7% potassium oxide (51.5kg);
B. the preparation of integument: by 185kg(74%) chicken manure, 50kg(20%) weathered coal, 11.25kg(4.5%) wheat bran and 3.75kg(1.5%) decomposing agent blending and piling becomes thoroughly decomposed, and pulverizes 70 mesh sieves, forms biological organic materials;
C. wrap up granulation: by disc granulation equipment and spray 10kg treated starch biological organic materials is wrapped on special fertilizer core, parcel balling-up reaches 85% when above, and particle enters drying cylinder bake drying, cooling, sieve;
D. post-processed: seal brightening agent with 5kg particle is sprayed, screening makes 90% above grain diameter between 3～4mm, through metering, packing.
In this coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, contain fertile core 73.5%, integument 25%, binding agent 1.0%, sealing brightening agent 0.5%.
Through the wheat special bio material parcel Controlled Release Fertilizer of this proportioning or technique manufacture, within 2 years, wheat field experiment result shows, under nutrient condition, can make wheat grain yield join and execute volume increase 9.79% than nitrogen phosphorus potassium, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 17.84%, phosphate fertilizer utilising efficiency improves 3.69%, and potassium utilization rate improves 13.46%, and the soil organism improves 0.011g/kg.
embodiment 3
The production technique of the special organic-biological material of wheat coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, the steps include:
A. the preparation of fertile core: 343kg urea fertilizer, 244.6kg diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, 120kg Repone K chemical fertilizer and 42.4kg clay are pulverized, mixed, by the granulation of disc granulation equipment, make the special fertilizer core of 95% above particle diameter between 2～3mm through screening; In this Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, contain 27% nitrogen element (202.5kg), 15% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (112.5kg), 8% potassium oxide (60kg);
B. the preparation of integument: by 163.3kg(71%) chicken manure, 50.6kg(22%) weathered coal, 11.5kg(5%) rice bran and 4.6kg(2%) decomposing agent blending and piling becomes thoroughly decomposed, and pulverizes 67 mesh sieves, forms biological organic materials;
C. wrap up granulation: by disc granulation equipment and spray 15kg water glass biological organic materials is wrapped on special fertilizer core, parcel balling-up reaches 85% when above, and particle enters drying cylinder bake drying, cooling, sieve;
D. post-processed: seal brightening agent with 5kg particle is sprayed, screening makes 90% above grain diameter between 3～4mm, through metering, packing.
In this coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, contain fertile core 75%, integument 23%, binding agent 1.5%, sealing brightening agent 0.5%.
Through the wheat special bio material parcel Controlled Release Fertilizer of this proportioning or technique manufacture, within 2 years, wheat field experiment result shows, under nutrient condition, can make wheat grain yield join and execute volume increase 7.98% than nitrogen phosphorus potassium, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 13.42%, and phosphate fertilizer utilising efficiency improves 3.15%, and potassium utilization rate improves, 8.65%, the soil organism improves 0.0087g/kg.
embodiment 4
The production technique of the special organic-biological material of wheat coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, the steps include:
A. the preparation of fertile core: 296.1kg urea fertilizer, 253.9kg diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, 131.4kg Repone K chemical fertilizer and 48.6kg clay are pulverized, mixed, by the granulation of disc granulation equipment, make the special fertilizer core of 95% above particle diameter between 2～3mm through screening; In this Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, contain 25% nitrogen element (182.5kg), 16% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES (116.8kg), 9% potassium oxide (65.7kg);
B. the preparation of integument: by 172kg(73.5%) chicken manure, 49.1kg(21%) weathered coal, 10.5kg(4.5%) wheat bran and 2.3kg(1%) decomposing agent blending and piling becomes thoroughly decomposed, and pulverizes 60 mesh sieves, forms biological organic materials;
C. wrap up granulation: by disc granulation equipment and spray 11kg treated starch biological organic materials is wrapped on special fertilizer core, parcel balling-up reaches 85% when above, and particle enters drying cylinder bake drying, cooling, sieve;
D. post-processed: seal brightening agent with 5kg particle is sprayed, screening makes 90% above grain diameter between 3～4mm, through metering, packing.
In this coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, contain fertile core 75%, integument 23.4%, binding agent 1.1%, sealing brightening agent 0.5%.
Through the wheat special bio material parcel Controlled Release Fertilizer of this proportioning or technique manufacture, within 2 years, wheat field experiment result shows, under nutrient condition, can make wheat grain yield join and execute volume increase 6.53% than nitrogen phosphorus potassium, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 5.12%, phosphate fertilizer utilising efficiency improves 2.79%, and potassium utilization rate improves 10.65%, and the soil organism improves 0.011g/kg.
Claims (2)
1. the special organic-biological material of wheat coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, is characterized in that, is to be made up of the starting material of following weight percent, fertile core 73～75%, integument 23～25%, binding agent 1.0～1.5%, sealing brightening agent 0.5%; Described fertile core is the compound fertilizer special for sowing wheat after maize straw, compound fertilizer special, by urea fertilizer, diammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, Repone K chemical fertilizer and Clay composition, contains 25～27% nitrogen element, 15～17% Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, 7～9% potassium oxide in this Chemical Mixed Fertilizer; Described integument is by 70～75% chicken manures, 20～25% weathered coals, 4～5% rice brans or wheat bran and 1～2% decomposing agent blending and piling biological organic materials that forms of fermentation that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Described binding agent is water glass or treated starch.
2. the production technique of the special organic-biological material of wheat according to claim 1 coated Controlled Release Fertilizer, is characterized in that, the steps include:
A. the preparation of fertile core: compound fertilizer special is pulverized, mixed, by the granulation of disc granulation equipment, makes the special fertilizer core of 95% above particle diameter between 2～3mm through screening;
B. the preparation of integument: chicken manure, weathered coal, rice bran or wheat bran and decomposing agent blending and piling are become thoroughly decomposed, pulverized 60～70 mesh sieves, form biological organic materials;
C. wrap up granulation: by disc granulation equipment and spray binding agent biological organic materials is wrapped on special fertilizer core, parcel balling-up reaches 85% when above, and particle enters drying cylinder bake drying, cooling, sieve;
D. post-processed: with sealing brightening agent, particle is sprayed, screening makes 90% above grain diameter between 3～4mm, through metering, packing.
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| CN109804747A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-28 | 河北农业大学 | Fertilizing method for slow release fertilizer of wheat |
| CN110483214A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of high-effective organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and its production method |
| CN111170813A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中向旭曜科技有限公司 | Rice slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109804747A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-28 | 河北农业大学 | Fertilizing method for slow release fertilizer of wheat |
| CN110483214A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-22 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of high-effective organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and its production method |
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| CN111170813A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中向旭曜科技有限公司 | Rice slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103819279B (en) | 2015-09-02 |
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