CN103817430B - A kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method and device - Google Patents
A kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103817430B CN103817430B CN201410050557.6A CN201410050557A CN103817430B CN 103817430 B CN103817430 B CN 103817430B CN 201410050557 A CN201410050557 A CN 201410050557A CN 103817430 B CN103817430 B CN 103817430B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0823—Devices involving rotation of the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method, comprise the following steps: (1) by clamping workpiece to be processed on electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device; (2) drive clamp base to rotate by motor, make the permanent magnet high-speed rotary of clamping in clamp base then form rotating excitation field; Meanwhile, rotating excitation field produces electromagnetic force in mouse cage, and electromagnetic force makes workpiece follow mouse cage synchronous rotary; (3) until the velocity-stabilization of motor after preset value, open laser instrument, the laser beam that laser instrument produces acts on the surface of workpiece by condenser lens, complete electromagnetism auxiliary laser drill process.The process employs the working method that workpiece rotates, magnetic field is strengthened the auxiliaring effect of laser boring; Rotating excitation field can also control the motion of plasma and the motlten metal produced in laser drilling process simultaneously, optimizes laser boring effect; The present invention also provides a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, be specifically related to a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method and device.
Background technology
In machining, hole machined is the important manufacturing procedure of larger one of accounting, along with the miniaturization of part, produce quantitatively, common machine drilling method is difficult to realize large batch of aperture, the manufacture of micropore, laser boring is one of the key technology in Modern Manufacturing Technology field, it is large that laser boring has the aspect ratio that punches compared with other drilling methods, contactless, without tool loss, process velocity is fast, areal deformation is little, the remarkable superiority such as various materials can be processed, the requirement of Modern Industry Products processing can be met well, be widely used, the such as processing of aircraft engine turbo blade louvre.
Existing laser boring method is generally by laser beam focus certain position below surface of the work or surface, with sufficiently high power density heating and melting material, material ejects the object reaching material and remove with liquid and gaseous form subsequently, in the process, usually punch position inject high pressure assist gas with improve perforating efficiency and punching effect.But existing laser boring method has following shortcoming: 1. in laser drilling process, PDP display covers effect seriously, causes the loss of laser energy; 2. after processing there is the recast layer of uneven thickness and affect the quality in hole in hole wall; 3. the excessive hole repeatable accuracy causing processing of impulsive force produced in the laser drilling process of high-energy long pulse is low, and hole wall exists micro-crack, and the difficult quality in hole improves.
Although the method for existing magnetic field assistant laser welding in prior art and unit (the such as patent No. is the Chinese invention patent " a kind of magnetic field assistant laser welding unit " of 200410101556.6), but because laser weld is different from the feature of punching, the unit for laser weld can not be applicable to laser boring.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method; The process employs the working method that workpiece rotates, magnetic field is strengthened the auxiliaring effect of laser boring; Rotating excitation field can also control the motion of plasma and the motlten metal produced in laser drilling process simultaneously, optimizes laser boring effect; The present invention also provides a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device simultaneously.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method, comprises the following steps:
(1) by clamping workpiece to be processed on electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device;
Described electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device comprises laser generating unit, clamping workpiece unit, rotating excitation field generation unit and driver element; Described laser generating unit comprises laser instrument and condenser lens, acts on the surface of workpiece to be processed after the laser beam line focus lens focus that laser instrument exports;
Described clamping workpiece unit comprises main shaft, base plate, clutch shaft bearing and mouse cage; Described main shaft is fixedly mounted on the side of base plate, and main shaft is multidiameter, and on main shaft, shaft part is provided with clutch shaft bearing, and mouse cage is arranged on clutch shaft bearing;
Described mouse cage is made up of the 3rd screw, mouse cage top board, copper post and mouse cage base plate, mouse cage top board is connected with mouse cage base plate by copper post, and copper post forms a circle, and is uniformly distributed, 3rd screw is positioned on mouse cage top board, and workpiece to be processed is fixed on mouse cage by the 3rd screw;
Described rotating excitation field generation unit comprises the first screw, two magnet holder, paired permanent magnet, the second screw, clamp base, the second bearings, wherein, second bearing is installed on the middle part shaft part of main shaft, second bearing coordinates sectional fixture base, two magnet holder are symmetrically fixed in clamp base by the second screw, each permanent magnet all by the first screw in compression on magnet holder; Paired permanent magnet is symmetrically distributed in clamp base; Described workpiece is in the centre position of magnet holder, not striking work in magnet holder rotary course;
Described driver element is made up of motor support base, motor, belt wheel and belt; Motor support base is fixed on base plate, and on motor support base, vertical mounted motor, electric machine main shaft installs belt wheel, and the belt grooves of belt wheel and the belt grooves of clamp base are arranged on same level position, and belt is pressed in the belt grooves of belt wheel and the belt grooves of clamp base;
(2) drive clamp base to rotate by motor, make the permanent magnet high-speed rotary of clamping in clamp base then form rotating excitation field; Meanwhile, rotating excitation field produces electromagnetic force in mouse cage, and electromagnetic force makes workpiece follow mouse cage synchronous rotary;
(3) until the velocity-stabilization of motor after preset value, open laser instrument, the laser beam that laser instrument produces acts on the surface of workpiece by condenser lens, complete electromagnetism auxiliary laser drill process.
The present invention also provides a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device simultaneously, comprises laser generating unit, clamping workpiece unit, rotating excitation field generation unit and driver element;
Described laser generating unit comprises laser instrument and condenser lens, acts on the surface of workpiece to be processed after the laser beam line focus lens focus that laser instrument exports;
Described clamping workpiece unit comprises main shaft, base plate, clutch shaft bearing and mouse cage; Described main shaft is fixedly mounted on the side of base plate, and main shaft is multidiameter, and on main shaft, shaft part is provided with clutch shaft bearing, and mouse cage is arranged on clutch shaft bearing;
Described mouse cage is made up of the 3rd screw, mouse cage top board, copper post and mouse cage base plate, mouse cage top board is connected with mouse cage base plate by copper post, and copper post forms a circle, and is uniformly distributed, 3rd screw is positioned on mouse cage top board, and workpiece to be processed is fixed on mouse cage by the 3rd screw;
Described rotating excitation field generation unit comprises the first screw, magnet holder, permanent magnet, the second screw, clamp base, the second bearing, wherein, second bearing is installed on the middle part shaft part of main shaft, second bearing coordinates sectional fixture base, two magnet holder are symmetrically fixed in clamp base by the second screw, and permanent magnet passes through the first screw in compression on magnet holder;
Described driver element is made up of motor support base, motor, belt wheel and belt; Motor support base is fixed on base plate, and on motor support base, vertical mounted motor, electric machine main shaft installs belt wheel, and the belt grooves of belt wheel and the belt grooves of clamp base are arranged on same level position, and belt is pressed in the belt grooves of belt wheel and the belt grooves of clamp base.
Further, described clamp base is disc-shaped structure.
Further, clamp base is provided with arranges screwed hole more, for adjusting the distance of magnet holder distance clamp base center.
Further, described permanent magnet can select required permanent magnet type according to processing request, and permanent magnet can be superposed by polylith permanent magnet and form simultaneously.
Further, described motor is the motor of variable-ratio.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, laser boring is much smaller relative to plasma density laser weld, and mainly the speed of air-flow and flow cause, and namely during punching, air-flow is very strong, has dispelled plasma.Therefore traditionally simply laser drilling process can not be applicable to for the electromagnetism householder method of welding.The present invention adopts mouse cage type structure to greatly strengthen the effect in magnetic field, and electromagnetism householder method also can be suitable for for weak plasma conditions.
2, the workpiece rotary mode that the present invention adopts can bring the centrifugal force effect of laser molten pool, makes molten metal liquid that strong splashing occur under the influence of centrifugal force, then steam raising; This evaporation further enhancing the density of plasma; Its principle strengthened is that laser irradiation is on the metal ion of gasification, make it plasma, relative to only rotating the hole knockout not adding magnetic field, the effect in magnetic field can remove the plasma after this enhancing, thus magnetic field is strengthened the auxiliaring effect of laser boring.On the other hand, under the influence of centrifugal force, trend hole wall, makes centre, molten bath expose solid-state metal, is conducive to the energy of absorbing laser effect more fully metal liquid, thus strengthens the punching degree of depth.
3, the present invention is by applying the motion of the plasma produced in the Magnetic control drill process perpendicular with punching direction, makes it avoid laser incident direction, decreases the loss of laser energy, improve perforating efficiency.Control the motion of plasma simultaneously, can make to scatter rapidly after in its exit holes, reduce aperture pressure, enable molten metal in hole, plasma more promptly sprays, accelerate drill process.Due to isoionic rapid ejection, make pressure drop in hole, reduce the impulsive force produced in drill process, reduce the probability that hole wall produces micro-crack, improve drilling quality.
4, the present invention is by the stirring of rotating excitation field to motlten metal in hole, makes it evenly be attached on hole wall, repairs the micro-crack of hole wall, reduces the randomness of drill process, improves the circularity precision in punching repeatability precision and hole.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of mouse cage of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the invention process process;
In figure, the implication of each label is as follows:
1, the first screw, 2, magnet holder, 3, mouse cage, 4, condenser lens, 5, laser beam, 6, workpiece, 7, clutch shaft bearing, 8, permanent magnet, 9, clamp base, 10, motor, 11, base plate, the 12, second bearing, 13, main shaft, 14, the second screw, 15, belt, 16, belt wheel, 17, motor support base, 18, the 3rd screw, 19, mouse cage top board, 20, copper post, 21, mouse cage base plate, 22, magnetic field rotation direction, 23, magnetic field, 24, plasma, 25, motlten metal.
Detailed description of the invention
The method and the details of device and working condition that the present invention proposes is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only for explaining the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device (as depicted in figs. 1 and 2), comprise four parts, is laser generating unit, clamping workpiece unit, rotating excitation field generation unit and driver element respectively.
Described laser generating unit comprises laser instrument and condenser lens 4, and the laser beam line focus lens 4 that laser instrument exports act on the surface of workpiece 6 to be processed after focusing on;
Described clamping workpiece unit comprises main shaft 13, base plate 11, clutch shaft bearing 7 and mouse cage 3, and wherein, main shaft 13 is fixedly mounted on the side of base plate 11, and main shaft 13 is multidiameter, and on main shaft 13, shaft part is provided with clutch shaft bearing 7, and mouse cage 3 is arranged on clutch shaft bearing 7.
Described mouse cage 3 is made up of the 3rd screw 18, mouse cage top board 19, copper post 20 and mouse cage base plate 21, wherein, mouse cage top board 19 is connected with mouse cage base plate 21 by copper post 20, copper post 20 forms a circle, be uniformly distributed, 3rd screw 18 is positioned on mouse cage top board 19, and workpiece 6 is fixed on mouse cage 3 by tightening the 3rd screw 18.
Described rotating excitation field generation unit comprises the first screw 1, two magnet holder 2, paired permanent magnet 8, second screw 14, clamp base 9, second bearing 12, wherein, second bearing 12 is installed on the middle part shaft part of main shaft 13, second bearing 12 coordinates sectional fixture base 9, two magnet holder 2 are symmetrically fixed in clamp base 9 by the second screw 14, and each permanent magnet 8 is all pressed on magnet holder 2 by the first screw 1; Wherein, permanent magnet 8 can select required permanent magnet type according to processing request, and the quantity of permanent magnet 8 also can be selected according to actual needs.
Described driver element is made up of motor support base 17, motor 10, belt wheel 16, belt 15; Motor support base 17 is fixed on base plate 11, vertical mounted motor 10 on motor support base 17, electric machine main shaft is installed belt wheel 16, the belt grooves of belt wheel 16 and the belt grooves of clamp base 9 are arranged on same level position, and belt 15 is pressed in the belt grooves of belt wheel 16 and the belt grooves of clamp base 9.
Electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method provided by the invention specifically comprises the steps:
(1) workpiece 6 being of a size of 50mm × 50mm × 10mm is clamped on the mouse cage 3 in the middle of rotating excitation field, ensures not strike workpiece 6 in magnet holder 2 rotary course;
Selected magnetic field intensity parameter is respectively: single permanent magnet 8 Surface field intensity 8500G, and two permanent magnet 8 symmetries are installed, and the distance between the permanent magnet 8 of symmetrical clamping is 60mm;
(2) rotating speed presetting motor 10 is 1500r/min, starter motor 10, motor 10 drives clamp base 9 by belt wheel 16, belt 15, make permanent magnet 8 high-speed rotary of clamping in clamp base 9 then form rotating excitation field, wherein the diameter ratio of clamp base 9 and belt wheel 16 is 1.5, and therefore the rotating speed of rotating excitation field is 1000r/min; Meanwhile, rotating excitation field produces electromagnetic force in mouse cage 3, and electromagnetic force makes workpiece 6 follow mouse cage 3 synchronous rotary;
(3) until the velocity-stabilization of motor 10 after preset value (1500r/min), open laser instrument, the laser beam 5 that laser instrument produces acts on the surface of workpiece 6 by condenser lens 4, complete electromagnetism auxiliary laser drill process.Wherein, laser parameter respectively: laser power 2000W, laser pulse width 0.5ms, laser frequency 100Hz, laser defocusing amount 0.
Operation principle of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, according to charged particle laws of motion in magnetic field, when charged particle enters in a uniform magnetic field with speed v, it will receive the effect of power F=qv × B (q is particle carried charge), this power velocity attitude that is total and charged particle is perpendicular, therefore the direction of motion entering the charged particle in magnetic field will change, charged particle will circling perpendicular in H plane, and positive and negative particle makes rightabout circular motion.Due in drill process, plasma 24 sharply expands in hole, blast outside squit hole after making pressure in hole reach extreme value, the moment therefore outside plasma 24 squit hole, what the direction of motion of the charged particle in plasma 24 can be similar to regards identical with laser incident direction as.If exist one with perpendicular magnetic field 23, punching direction, positive negative charged particles in plasma 24 will change the direction of motion, both sides to punching direction move in a circle, when magnetic direction is incident perpendicular to paper as shown in Figure 3, positive particles in plasma 24 departs from center left, negative particles in plasma 24 departs from center to the right, therefore, plasma 24 avoids laser incident direction, decrease absorbing again laser energy, also sharply decrease the pressure near aperture simultaneously, make the motlten metal 25 in hole, plasma 24 can outside more efficient tap.
Simultaneously, make to produce induced-current in workpiece 6 by the magnetic field rotated, thus make have electric current to pass through in the motlten metal 25 in process, the electromagnetic force that electric current and magnetic field interaction produce forms stirring action to motlten metal 25, mixing direction is consistent with magnetic field rotation direction 22, make it spouting in the shape of a spiral, be attached to uniformly on hole wall.
In addition, rotating excitation field acts on rotatable mouse cage 3, induced-current is produced in mouse cage 3, induced-current and rotating excitation field interact and produce electromagnetic force, electromagnetic force makes mouse cage 3 can follow rotating excitation field to rotate together, mouse cage 3 and then drive workpiece to rotate together, the motlten metal 25 of centrifugal action in hole that the rotation of workpiece 6 produces, make it evenly be attached on hole wall.
It is apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention can change into various ways, and such change is not thought and departed from the scope of the present invention.All like this to the apparent amendment of the technical staff in described field, by be included in this claim scope within.
Claims (1)
1. an electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) workpiece (6) to be processed is clamped on electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device;
Described electromagnetism auxiliary laser perforating device comprises laser generating unit, clamping workpiece unit, rotating excitation field generation unit and driver element; Described laser generating unit comprises laser instrument and condenser lens (4), and the laser beam line focus lens (4) that laser instrument exports act on the surface of workpiece (6) to be processed after focusing on;
Described clamping workpiece unit comprises main shaft (13), base plate (11), clutch shaft bearing (7) and mouse cage (3); Described main shaft (13) is fixedly mounted on the side of base plate (11), main shaft (13) is multidiameter, be provided with clutch shaft bearing (7) at the upper shaft part of main shaft (13), mouse cage (3) is arranged on clutch shaft bearing (7);
Described mouse cage (3) is made up of the 3rd screw (18), mouse cage top board (19), copper post (20) and mouse cage base plate (21), mouse cage top board (19) is connected with mouse cage base plate (21) by copper post (20), copper post (20) forms a circle, be uniformly distributed, 3rd screw (18) is positioned on mouse cage top board (19), and workpiece (6) to be processed is fixed on mouse cage (3) by the 3rd screw (18);
Described rotating excitation field generation unit comprises the first screw (1), two magnet holder (2), paired permanent magnet (8), second screw (14), clamp base (9), second bearing (12), wherein, second bearing (12) is installed on the middle part shaft part of main shaft (13), second bearing (12) is upper coordinates sectional fixture base (9), two magnet holder (2) are symmetrically fixed in clamp base (9) respectively by the second screw (14), each permanent magnet (8) is all pressed on a magnet holder (2) by the first screw (1), all permanent magnets (8) are symmetrically distributed in clamp base (9), described workpiece (6) is in the centre position of magnet holder (2), not striking work (6) in magnet holder (2) rotary course,
Described driver element is made up of motor support base (17), motor (10), belt wheel (16) and belt (15); Motor support base (17) is fixed on base plate (11), the upper vertical mounted motor (10) of motor support base (17), electric machine main shaft is installed belt wheel (16), the belt grooves of belt wheel (16) and the belt grooves of clamp base (9) are arranged on same level position, and belt (15) is pressed in the belt grooves of belt wheel (16) and the belt grooves of clamp base (9);
(2) drive clamp base (9) to rotate by motor (10), make permanent magnet (8) high-speed rotary of clamping in clamp base (9) then form rotating excitation field; Meanwhile, rotating excitation field produces electromagnetic force in mouse cage (3), and electromagnetic force makes workpiece (6) follow mouse cage (3) synchronous rotary;
(3) until the velocity-stabilization of motor (10) after preset value, open laser instrument, the laser beam (5) that laser instrument produces acts on the surface of workpiece (6) by condenser lens (4), complete electromagnetism auxiliary laser drill process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410050557.6A CN103817430B (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2014-02-13 | A kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method and device |
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| CN201410050557.6A CN103817430B (en) | 2014-02-13 | 2014-02-13 | A kind of electromagnetism auxiliary laser drilling method and device |
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| CN103817430A CN103817430A (en) | 2014-05-28 |
| CN103817430B true CN103817430B (en) | 2015-08-12 |
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| CN103071937A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-01 | 鞍山煜宸科技有限公司 | Laser-TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) arc rangefinder hybrid welding method and device with addition of high frequency magnetic field |
| CN203738227U (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-07-30 | 温州大学 | Electromagnetic-aided laser drilling device |
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