CN103813724A - 用于保持类胡萝卜素化合物的异构体比率的方法 - Google Patents
用于保持类胡萝卜素化合物的异构体比率的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103813724A CN103813724A CN201280044792.1A CN201280044792A CN103813724A CN 103813724 A CN103813724 A CN 103813724A CN 201280044792 A CN201280044792 A CN 201280044792A CN 103813724 A CN103813724 A CN 103813724A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于保持类胡萝卜素化合物的立体异构体比率的方法,涉及具体的制剂,以及该具体制剂的用途。
Description
本发明涉及用于保持类胡萝卜素化合物的立体异构体比率的方法,涉及具体制剂,以及该具体制剂的用途。
类胡萝卜素(其在本专利申请的上下文中也被命名为类胡萝卜素化合物)一般由联合的碳氢异戊二烯的单元组成,具有交替的单键和双键。类胡萝卜素吸收某些频率的光能,并传递给叶绿素用于光合作用。
类胡萝卜素对动物以及人类的营养很重要,并且还具有抗氧化性能。
类胡萝卜素被分成两组:
·胡萝卜素(只包含H和C原子),和
·胡萝卜醇(还包含O原子)。
在自然界中发现的类胡萝卜素主要以全反式立体异构形式存在。但类胡萝卜素有立体异构化(即转化为其它的立体异构形式)的趋势。在本发明的上下文中,E-形式、Z-形式和E/Z-形式的混合物都表示立体异构形式。立体异构化通常会产生许多不同的立体异构结构的混合物,例如:
“*”(=星号)是端基(R1和R2)的位置。
在例如吸光性、生物利用度等方面,类胡萝卜素化合物的所有立体异构形式通常具有不同的性能。因此,发生异构化时,含有类胡萝卜素化合物的制剂的性能可能发生变化。
因此,本发明的目的是要找到一种方法,其能保持类胡萝卜素化合物的立体异构体比率,以使包含类胡萝卜素的制剂的性能不改变。
出人意料的是,己发现,类胡萝卜素化合物的异构化受至少一种碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐的添加的影响。该添加的结果是立体异构形式(或者也可以是两种或更多种立体异构形式的混合物)被稳定了。防止或减缓了立体异构化。
因此,本发明涉及一种用于保持式(I)的类胡萝卜素化合物的立体异构体比率的方法
其中R1和R2相互独立地为
其特征在于:至少一种式(I)的化合物与基于式(I)化合物的总重量小于1重量%(wt-%)的至少一种碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐混合。
星号标记到主链的键。一般,类胡萝卜素化合物以溶液或乳液的形式存在。该溶液或乳液随后可以在进一步的步骤进行干燥(喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥),与其它制剂或成分混合等。
在这样的制剂中,类胡萝卜素化合物的浓度可以根据该制剂的用途而变化。合适的溶剂是类胡萝卜素化合物可溶于其中的溶剂,如乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、丙酮等。
如果使用乳液体系,那么它通常是一种水包油乳液。对于这样的乳液来说,可以使用任何通常已知且使用过的油和乳化剂。油的选择以及乳化剂的选择取决于制剂的用途。如果要生产食品或饲料产品,则这些化合物需要是食品级或饲料级的。
合适的油可来自任何来源。它们可以是天然的、改性的或合成的。如果油是天然的,它们可以是植物油或动物油。合适的油是例如椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、橄榄油、棕榈油、花生油、油菜籽油(canola oil)、红花油、芝麻油、大豆油、葵花子油、榛子油、杏仁油、腰果油、澳洲胡桃油(macadamia oil)、芥子油(mongongo nut oil)、巴卡斯果油(PracaxiOil)、山核桃油(pecan oil)、松子油、开心果油(pistachio oil)、美藤果(印加果Plukenetia)油、核桃油、多不饱和脂肪酸如甘油三酸酯和/或乙基酯(例如花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和γ-亚麻酸和/或乙基酯)。
任何通常己知和使用过的乳化剂都可以使用。乳化剂可以根据制剂以后的最终用途来选择。合适的乳化剂即为改性(食物)淀粉、果胶、藻酸盐、卡拉胶(carrageenan)、红藻胶、壳聚糖、麦芽糊精、糊精衍生物、纤维素和纤维素衍生物(例如醋酸纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素)、木素磺酸盐、多糖树胶(如阿拉伯树胶(gum acacia)、阿拉伯胶(gumarabic)、亚麻籽胶、茄替胶(ghatti gum)、罗望子胶(tamarind gum)和阿拉伯半乳聚糖)、明胶(牛、鱼、猪、家禽)、植物蛋白(如浓缩物、分离物、水解物等,来自豌豆、大豆、蓖麻子、棉籽、马铃薯、甘薯、树薯、油菜籽、向日葵、芝麻、亚麻子、红花、小扁豆(lentils)、坚果、小麦、大米、玉米、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、羽扇豆和高梁)、动物蛋白包括乳蛋白或乳清蛋白、卵磷酯、脂肪酸的聚甘油酯、脂肪酸的甘油单酯、脂肪酸的甘油二酯、山梨糖醇酯、PG酯和糖酯(及其衍生物)。
淀粉可以是物理改性的和化学改性的。预胶化淀粉是物理改性的淀粉的实例。
酸改性、氧化、OSA改性、交联、淀粉酯、淀粉醚和阳离子淀粉是化学改性的淀粉的实例。
制剂可进一步包含其它辅助剂。根据所用制剂的用途,所述辅助剂可有所不同。这些辅助剂对制剂有用,可进一步改善其性能如物理稳定性、储存稳定性、视觉感知等。助剂还可用在食品、饲料或个人护理产品的应用中,改善这些组合物的性能,物理稳定性、储存稳定性、视觉感知、在胃肠道(GI-tract)中的控制释放、pH值控制、耐氧化性等。这些助剂的浓度可以变化,取决于这些助剂的用途。
优选的类胡萝卜素化合物是下面这些:
式(Ia)的化合物:
式(Ib)的化合物:
式(Ic)的化合物:
式(Id)的化合物:
式(Ie)的化合物:
式(If)的化合物:
式(Ig)的化合物:
式(Ih)的化合物:
式(Ii)的化合物:
式(Ij)的化合物:
为了稳定类胡萝卜素化合物的比率,基于类胡萝卜素化合物或其混合物的总重量,以小于1wt-%的量添加至少一种碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐,优选地小于0.9wt-%,更优选地小于0.8wt-%。通常,基于类胡萝卜素化合物或其混合物的总重量,使用0.0001wt-%到1wt-%量的至少一种碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐。
该方法通常在15℃到160℃、优选20℃到130℃、更优选20℃到110℃的温度下进行。
该方法通常在1bar到10bar、优选1bar到8bar、更优选1bar到5bar的压力下进行。
之后,包含小于1wt-%的量的至少一种碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐的类胡萝卜素可以原样使用或者用于进一步配制。
异构体比率在组合物本身(仅有类胡萝卜素化合物和碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐)中以及在包含该组合物的制剂中均得到稳定。
碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐的优选的阴离子是SO4或CO3。
碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐的优选的碱金属和碱土金属是K、Ca和Mg。
最优选的盐是KCO3。
在β-胡萝卜素(化合物(Ia))的情况下,立体异构化导致颜色深浅的变化。全Z-形式更显微红色,而Z形式是略显微黄色。因此,本发明的一个优选实施方式涉及用于保持式(Ia)化合物的立体异构体比率的方法
其特征在于,基于所述式(Ia)化合物的总重量,添加小于1wt-%的KCO3。
在虾青素(化合物(Ie))的情况下,立体异构化导致化合物不同的生物利用度。全(E)形式的虾青素具有最佳的生物利用度。因此,该形式(或者具有大量的全(E)、至少85%的全(E)的形式)应该被稳定。
因此,本发明的一个优选实施方式涉及用于保持式(Ie)化合物的立体异构体比率的方法
其特征在于,基于所述式(Ie)化合物的总重量,添加小于1wt-%的KCO3。
碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐可以固体形式以及溶液的形式(或者二者的组合)加入。
此外,本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(I)类胡萝卜素化合物和基于一种或多种式(I)化合物的总重量0.0001到1wt-%的至少一种碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐的制剂,
其中R1和R2相互独立地为
用于方法的所有优选项也适用于制剂。
作为上面所述的制剂,包含小于1wt-%的量的至少一种碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐的类胡萝卜素化合物可以原样使用或者用于进一步配制。
上面所描述的制剂可用于食品、饲料或个人护理产品。
如上所述的用于食品、饲料或个人护理产品的制剂的量取决于食品、饲料或个人护理产品。
附图1.:本发明的制剂在超过50天的时间内的异构化(在室温下)。
附图2.:对比例的制剂在超过10天的时间内的异构化(在室温下)。
下面的实施例用于说明本发明。所有的百分比都与重量相关,温度是以摄氏度给出的。
实施例1
将200mg的虾青素溶于15ml乙酸乙酯。将14mg KCO3加入该溶液中。将溶液均质化,制剂在30℃下调和。将该溶液保存,并且定期取出样品,用分光光度计在478nm处对虾青素的浓度进行测定。图1示出了在此期间虾青素的异构化。
实施例2(对比例)
将200mg的虾青素溶于15ml乙酸乙酯。没有加入KCO3。将溶液均质化,制剂在30℃下调和。将该溶液保存,并且定期取出样品定期取出,用分光光度计在478nm处对虾青素的浓度进行测定。
图2示出了在此期间虾青素的异构化。可以看出,根据实施例1的制剂与实施例2中的一个相比远更稳定。
实施例3
水相的制备(制剂(1))
80g的去离子水与135g木质素磺酸钙和33.8g黄糊精在缓慢搅拌下混合。之后,通过使用FD搅拌器在室温下搅拌反应混合物。当溶液均匀时,加入10g去离子水。随后加热(62℃的水/油浴温)并搅拌(1200rpm)溶液。之后,加入20g去离子水。
现在通过添加NaOH(20%)将pH调至7。之后,使反应混合物冷却(30℃的水/油浴温)。
油相的制备(制剂(2))
6.8g dl-α-生育酚、13.5g虾青素和0.096g KCO3在无氧气氛下在手套箱中混合。之后,加入150ml二氯甲烷。搅拌(500rpm)并加热反应混合物,直到虾青素和生育酚全部溶解。
1.乳化步骤
在剧烈搅拌下将制剂(2)加入制剂(1)中。之后,在恒定的加热(温度为30℃的水/油浴)下搅拌该反应混合物约30分钟。回流下除去过量的溶剂。得到乳液(乳液I)。
2.乳化步骤:
在搅拌和加热(30℃的水/油浴温)下将制剂(2)加入乳液I中。之后,在恒定的加热(30℃的水/油浴温)下搅拌该反应混合物约30分钟。回流下除去过量的溶剂。得到乳液(乳液II)。
3.乳化步骤
在搅拌和加热(30℃的水/油浴温)下将制剂(2)加入乳液II中。之后,在恒定的加热(30℃的水/油浴温)下搅拌该反应混合物约30分钟。回流下除去过量的溶剂。得到乳液(乳液III)。平均颗粒尺寸为110nm。
珠粒的生产
通过使用旋转蒸发仪,将乳液III加热约3小时。产生约200mbar的真空。之后,用约30ml的水稀释反应溶液,使得溶液的扭矩值为约1.0Ncm。之后,使反应溶液经历粉末捕捉过程(玉米淀粉充当粉末捕捉介质)。
Claims (18)
5.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的方法,其中,所述碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐是SO4盐和/或CO3盐。
6.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的方法,其中,所述碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐是K盐、Ca盐和/或Mg盐。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的方法,其中,使用KCO3。
8.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的方法,其中,基于所述式(I)化合物的总重量,使用0.0001wt-%到1wt.%的所述碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任意一项所述的制剂,其中,所述碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐是SO4盐和/或CO3盐。
14.根据权利要求9至12中任意一项所述的制剂,其中,所述碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐是K盐、Ca盐和/或Mg盐。
15.根据权利要求9至12中任意一项所述的制剂,其中,使用KCO3。
16.根据前面任何一个权利要求所述的制剂,其中,基于所述式(I)化合物的总重量,包含0.0001wt-%到1wt.%的所述碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐。
17.根据权利要求9至16中任意一项所述的至少一种制剂在食品、饲料或个人护理产品中的用途。
18.包含权利要求9至16中任意一项所述的至少一种制剂的食品、饲料或个人护理产品。
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CN1711240A (zh) * | 2002-11-22 | 2005-12-21 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 类胡萝卜素的制备方法 |
CN101883498A (zh) * | 2007-11-23 | 2010-11-10 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 生产类胡萝卜素溶液的方法 |
WO2011040141A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-07 | 理研ビタミン株式会社 | 脂溶性ビタミン含有組成物 |
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CN1711240A (zh) * | 2002-11-22 | 2005-12-21 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 类胡萝卜素的制备方法 |
CN101883498A (zh) * | 2007-11-23 | 2010-11-10 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 生产类胡萝卜素溶液的方法 |
WO2011040141A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-07 | 理研ビタミン株式会社 | 脂溶性ビタミン含有組成物 |
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