CN103787946B - 异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法与应用,属于食品安全领域。所述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原的分子结构如下所示:或,所述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原是通过戊二醛法与载体蛋白偶联或活泼酯法与载体蛋白偶联制备得到的。利用本发明上述人工抗原制备得到的抗体的效价可达到1:32000,最低检测限为0.01ng/mL,半抑制浓度为0.77ng/mL,产生的抗体的特异性高、灵敏度高、准确度高,为建立快速、准确、灵敏的异细交链孢菌酮酸免疫检测方法奠定了基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品安全领域。更具体地,涉及一种异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
异细交链孢菌酮酸(Iso-tenuazonicacid,ITeA,化学名,3-乙酰基-4羟基-5-异丁基吡咯啉-2-酮),是链格孢菌产生的次级代谢物中的毒素之一,与细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuzonicacid,TeA)同属于四价酸类化合物。作为细交链孢菌酮酸的同分异构体,它具有与TeA相似的毒性且能被链格孢菌同时分泌,已有文献报道该毒素具有抗肿瘤性、微弱的抗病毒活性以及广谱、快速、高效的除草性等生物活性。近年来各国对该毒素的进一步生物学和毒理学研究发现该毒素污染农作物(如番茄、苹果、谷物等)的情况相当普遍,但由于人们平均每日的摄入量很低,未能引起足够重视。虽然食用含小量毒素的食品不会引起急性中毒,但是长期食用有可能引起慢性中毒。目前从食物里能同时检出两种甚至两种以上的链格孢菌产生链格孢霉毒素,越来越多的证据表明这些毒素之间有协同作用。
目前,国内外尚未制定异细交链孢菌酮酸毒素在农作物中的限量标准,少数几篇文章报道利用传统的仪器方法对该毒素进行检测,但仪器由于价格贵需专人操作等缺点不适合大规模筛选,因此,非常有必要发明一种针对异细交链孢菌酮酸的快速、简便的检测方法。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有检测异细交链孢菌酮酸的技术不足,提供一种异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体及其制备方法与应用。
本发明的目的是提供一种异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体。
本发明另一个目的是提供所述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体在检测异细交链孢菌酮酸方面的应用。
本发明上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明提供了一种异细交链孢菌酮酸半抗原,具有如式I所示的结构:
式(I)
其中,R为-NH2或-NCHCOOH;
当R为-NH2时,异细交链孢菌酮酸半抗原是ITeAH(ITeAH化学名为3-(1-腙基乙基)-4-羟基-5-异丁基-1H-吡咯-2(5H)-酮),ITeAH的结构如下所示:
;
当R为-NCHCOOH时,异细交链孢菌酮酸半抗原是ITeAHGA(ITeAHGA化学名为2-((1-(4-羟基-5-异丁基-2-氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-3-基)亚乙基)-亚肼基)-乙酸),ITeAHGA的结构如下所示:
。
本发明还提供了一种异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原,具有如式II所示的结构:
式(II),
或具有如式III所示的结构:
式(III)。
本发明还提供了上述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原的制备方法:将ITeAH作为半抗原与载体蛋白通过戊二醛法偶联或将ITeAHGA作为半抗原与载体蛋白通过活泼酯法偶联制备得到。
其中,所述戊二醛法包括如下步骤:
S1.将半抗原ITeAH和载体蛋白质按摩尔比60~80:1混合,溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS溶液)中;
S2.向S1的混合溶液中逐滴加入体积浓度为25%的戊二醛溶液,室温搅拌反应3~4h,0~4℃下用生理盐水透析2~3d,得到异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原;
所述活泼酯法包括如下步骤:
S1.将ITeAHGA溶于二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌加入二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS),其中,ITeAHGA、DCC、NHS三者的摩尔比为1:1.5~4:1.5~4。
S2.在0~4℃下磁力搅拌反应过夜,离心,取上清夜为A液;
S3.称取载体蛋白溶于PBS溶液中,搅拌溶解为B液;
S4.在4℃磁力搅拌下,A液逐渐滴入B液中,4℃下反应12h,4℃下用生理盐水透析2~3d,得到异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原;其中,A液中的ITeAHGA与B液中的载体蛋白的摩尔比为60~80:1。
所述载体蛋白为钥孔血蓝蛋白、牛血清白蛋白质(BSA)、人血清蛋白质或卵清蛋白(OVA);
所述PBS溶液的pH值为8.0。
优选地,所述载体蛋白为牛血清白蛋白质或卵清蛋白。
另外,本发明还提供了一种由所述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原免疫动物所制备得到的异细交链孢菌酮酸抗体;
所述抗体为单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。
本发明最后还提供了所述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原或异细交链孢菌酮酸抗体在检测异细交链孢菌酮酸中的应用。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明通过了一种异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原,用所述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原免疫动物得到的异细交链孢菌酮酸抗体的效价可达1:3.2×104,对ITeAH的线性范围为0.16ng/mL~3.68ng/mL(IC20~IC80),最低检测限为0.01ng/mL,半抑制浓度为0.77ng/mL,产生的抗体特异性高、灵敏度高、准确度高。
另外,本发明提供的异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原和抗体,可用于建立竞争酶联免疫吸附分析技术,从而用于快速检测农产品中的微生物产生的异细交链孢菌酮酸(ITeA),具有高灵敏、特异性高、快速、操作简便等优点,尤其适合于现场大规模样品的检测,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原ITeAHGA-BSA的分子结构示意图。
图2为本发明制备的异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原ITeAH-OVA的分子结构示意图。
图3为BSA、ITeAHGA和人工抗原ITeAHGA-BSA的紫外扫描(200~500nm)吸收曲线。
图4为OVA、ITeAH和人工抗原ITeAH-OVA的紫外扫描(200~500nm)吸收曲线。
图5为异细交链孢菌酮酸ELISA竞争标准曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明实施例所采用的试剂、方法和设备均为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,本发明实施例所使用的材料和试剂等,均为市购。
实施例1免疫原ITeAHGA-BSA的合成与鉴定
1、活泼酯法合成酶联蛋白
S1.将1mmol的半抗原ITeAHGA溶于500μL的DMF中,搅拌加入3mmol的DCC和4mmol的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)。4℃下磁力搅拌反应过夜,离心后取上清液,为A液;
S2.称取1/80mmol的BSA溶于pH值为8.0的PBS中,搅拌溶解得B液;
S3.在4℃磁力搅拌下,将所得A液全部逐渐滴入所得B液中,4℃下反应12h,4℃下用生理盐水透析3d,即得到异细交链孢菌酮酸ITeAHGA-BSA人工抗原(免疫原),结构式如附图1所示。
将所得免疫原1mg/mL分装成小管,-20℃保存。
2、ITeAHGA-BSA人工抗原(免疫原)的鉴定
分别将ITeAHGA、BSA、ITeAHGA-BSA人工抗原,在紫外(200~500nm)下扫描,发现ITeAHGA-BSA人工抗原与BSA、ITeAHGA相比,吸收曲线(如附图3所示)有明显变化,可以确定免疫原制备成功。
实施例2包被原ITeAH-OVA的合成与鉴定
1、戊二醛法合成酶联蛋白
S1.称取1mmol的半抗原ITeAH和1/80mmol的OVA一起溶解于pH值为8.0的PBS溶液中,25℃下搅拌均匀,将50~200μL的25%(体积比)戊二醛逐滴滴入上述混合溶液中,滴加完毕后25℃下搅拌反应3h。
S2.反应结束后取上清液装入透析袋(截留分子量10000Da),4℃下,用0.1mol/L,pH8.0的PBS溶液透析三天,每12h更换一次透析液,即得到异细交链孢菌酮酸ITeAH-OVA人工抗原(包被原),结构式如附图2所示。
将所得包被原1mg/mL分装成小管,-20℃保存。
2、ITeAH-OVA人工抗原(包被原)的鉴定
分别将ITeAH、OVA、ITeAH-OVA人工抗原,在紫外(200~500nm)下扫描,发现ITeAH-OVA人工抗原的吸光值与ITeAH半抗原和OVA明显不同(如附图4所示),说明半抗原ITeAH已经与OVA成功偶联制得ITeAH-OVA。
实施例3异细交链孢菌酮酸单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定
1、动物免疫
本实施例选用4只7周龄,健康的雌性Balb/c小鼠(购买于广东省医学实验动物中心),分别编号。用实施例1制备得到的免疫原ITeAHGA-BSA免疫。
首次免疫:取0.5μg的人工抗原ITeAHGA-BSA与等体积弗氏完全佐剂乳化,采用腹部多点免疫。
加强免疫:首次免疫后,取0.5μg的人工抗原与等量的弗氏不完全佐剂乳化,间隔两周加强免疫。每次加强免疫一周后,尾部取血,采用ELISA方法测定抗血清效价。
待效价稳定后,选取免疫效果最好的一只小鼠再加强一次免疫,3天后取脾细胞。
2、单克隆抗体的制备
将上述所得脾细胞进行细胞融合,制备单克隆抗体。具体方法为:
将SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞(购买于中国科学院上海细胞库)与脾细胞以1:5~1:10的比例混合,在聚乙二醇(PEG-2000)的作用下融合,用HAT培养基悬浮,再分种于前一天已制备好饲养层细胞的5块96孔板中(每孔0.1mL),置于37℃、5%CO2的饱和适度培养箱中孵育。融合后,待细胞集落长满孔底的1/3时,取上清液采用间接竞争ELISA法筛选分泌抗异细交链孢菌酮酸毒素抗体的细胞孔,选取阳性值最高,而且竞争抑制较为明显的单克隆细胞孔的细胞,用有限稀释的方法进行克隆化、扩大培养,得到稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。
所述HAT培养基的配方为:
终浓度为80%的RPMI1640基础培养基(购自Hyclone)、19%的胎牛血清(购自杭州四季青生物工程材料有限公司)和1%的HAT溶液(购自Sigma,包括次黄嘌呤(Hypoxanthine)、甲氨蝶呤(Aminopterin)和胸腺嘧啶核苷(Thymidine))。
3、单克隆抗体的生产和纯化
取5只8周龄以上的健康Balb/c雌性小鼠,每只腹腔注射石蜡0.5mL,7天后,每只鼠腹腔注射1~2×106个杂交瘤细胞,8天后,采集腹水,测定效价。
采用辛酸-硫酸铵盐析法对上述所获得的腹水进行纯化:取腹水,用pH4.0、60mmol/L的醋酸盐缓冲液按1/2(V/V)稀释,并用0.1mol/L的NaOH调pH至4.5。在振荡下滴加正辛酸(33μL/mL),室温搅拌30min,4℃静置1h,然后在4℃,10000r离心30min,弃沉淀,取上清液,用定性滤纸过滤,按1/10体积比加入0.lmol/L的PBS,用1mol/L的NaOH调pH至7.4,在4℃条件下预冷15min。每毫升混合液加入0.277g硫酸铵,搅拌30min后在4℃冰箱内静置2~3h,10000r离心30min,弃上清。沉淀用少量0.01mol/L的PBS溶解,并在4℃下使用pH7.4、0.01mol/L的PBS进行透析,每天换液3~5次,透析至SO4 2-或NH4 +被去除为止(使用BaCl2进行判断,若无白色沉淀,则表明SO4 2-或NH4 +透析已去除)。
实施例4单克隆抗体最低检测限(LOD值)和半数抑制量(IC
50
)的检测
1、用方正滴定的方法确定上述实施例得到人工抗原和单克隆抗体的工作浓度:包被原的工作浓度为15.625ng/mL,异细交链孢菌酮酸单克隆抗体的工作浓度为1/2000(ng/mL)。
以浓度为1000、200、40、8、1.6、0.32、0.64和0ng/mL的ITeAH标准品溶液为实验溶液。采用4组平行试验。
2、间接竞争性ELISA方法:用上述工作浓度的包被原包被酶标板,将实验溶液与抗体溶液同时加入到酶标板小孔中,同时设置空白孔和阴性对照孔,37℃温育40min,倒出孔内液体,用洗涤液洗涤6次,将酶标板倒置在吸水纸上拍打;加入稀释好的酶标二抗溶液,37℃温育20min,用洗涤液洗涤6次,拍干;加入底物显色溶液,37℃温育10min,加入终止液终止显色,用酶标仪在波长450nm处测定吸光值OD,以吸光值OD为纵坐标,以ITeAH实验溶液浓度的log10值为横坐标,绘制半对数标准曲线图(如附图5所示)。结果表明,标准曲线具有完整的S形状,并且有上平台和下平台,标准曲线的平行测定次数9次,实验重复性良好,相对标准偏差却在15%以内。
根据标准曲线得出20%的抑制量(LOD)和半数抑制量(IC50)。
抑制率按下式计算:
其中零标准孔的吸光值为B0,各标准品浓度孔的吸光值为B。
结果表明,上述抗体对ITeAH的半数抑制量(IC50)为0.77ng/mL,(LOD)为0.01ng/mL,在0.16~3.68ng/mL的范围内,抑制率与ITeAH浓度的对数值成显著的线性关系,相关系数为0.9944。
实施例5单克隆抗体特异性检测
抗体的特异性是指该抗体能够特异并专一的与特异性抗原结合。本实施例通过比较该抗体与特异性抗原的结合能力和该抗体与特异性抗原类似物的结合能力的大小来评价抗体的特异性。本技术领域常用交叉反应率来作为评价抗体特异性的重要标准,交叉反应率越小,抗体特异性越好。
将异细交链孢菌酮酸的几种类似物进行系列稀释,然后与上述所得抗体进行反应,制作标准曲线。通过曲线分别计算出各类似物的IC50,计算抗体与异细交链孢菌酮酸类似物的交叉反应率:
实验设置三次重复,取三次重复的平均值作为实验结果。
结果表明,本发明所获得的抗体对异细交链孢菌酮酸衍生物ITeAH的特异性非常好(如表1所示),可以用来建立异细交链孢菌酮酸免疫分析方法。
表1异细交链孢菌酮酸类似物对抗体的交叉反应率
。
Claims (3)
1.一种异细交链孢菌酮酸半抗原,其特征在于,具有如式I所示的结构:
式(I),
其中,R为-NH2或-NCHCOOH;
当R为-NH2时,所述异细交链孢菌酮酸半抗原是ITeAH,ITeAH的结构如下所示:
;
当R为-NCHCOOH时,所述异细交链孢菌酮酸半抗原是ITeAHGA,ITeAHGA的结构如下所示:
。
2.一种异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原,其特征在于,具有如式II所示的结构:
式(II),
或具有如式III所示的结构:
式(III);
其中,式(II)中的载体蛋白为OVA,式(III)中的载体蛋白为BSA。
3.权利要求2所述异细交链孢菌酮酸人工抗原在检测异细交链孢菌酮酸中的应用。
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