CN103775575A - 自动变速器总成 - Google Patents

自动变速器总成 Download PDF

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CN103775575A
CN103775575A CN201310502826.3A CN201310502826A CN103775575A CN 103775575 A CN103775575 A CN 103775575A CN 201310502826 A CN201310502826 A CN 201310502826A CN 103775575 A CN103775575 A CN 103775575A
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gear
clutch
support
break
speed changer
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CN103775575B (zh
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格里高利·D·戈乐斯基
史蒂文·G·托马斯
杰弗里·E·毛雷尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/06—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch
    • F16D25/062—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces
    • F16D25/063—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially
    • F16D25/0635—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D25/0638—Fluid-actuated clutches in which the fluid actuates a piston incorporated in, i.e. rotating with the clutch the clutch having friction surfaces with clutch members exclusively moving axially with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/10—Clutch systems with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
    • F16D48/0206—Control by fluid pressure in a system with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/3023—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by fluid pressure
    • F16H63/3026—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by fluid pressure comprising friction clutches or brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/108—Gear
    • F16D2500/1087—Planetary gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H2003/447—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion without permanent connection between the set of orbital gears and the output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H2057/087—Arrangement and support of friction devices in planetary gearings, e.g. support of clutch drums, stacked arrangements of friction devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2012—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with four sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2046—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with six engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0206—Layout of electro-hydraulic control circuits, e.g. arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/684—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
    • F16H61/686—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive with orbital gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19637—Gearing with brake means for gearing

Abstract

本发明公开了一种变速器，其包括：齿轮组，其中每个齿轮组都包括旋转组件；阻止旋转的支架；位于支架中的制动器伺服器；制动器，其中每个制动器都由其中一个制动器伺服器驱动以在支架与各自的齿轮组组件之间产生连接；外壳；位于外壳中的离合器伺服器；以及离合器，其中每个离合器都由其中一个离合器伺服器驱动以在外壳与各自的齿轮组组件之间产生传动连接。

Description

自动变速器总成
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及自动变速器，其中离合器模块含有离合器伺服活塞，并且泵支架含有制动器伺服活塞。
背景技术
在自动变速器的运动布置中，某些控制元件——如液压驱动的离合器——与任何其他变速器杆部件都不具有固定连接。
在这种情况下，需要提供一种简化连接至那些离合器的供给回路——即用于每个离合器应用回路的压力供给以及分别的平衡室的供给——的技术。
在用于机动车辆的液压驱动的自动变速器中，变速器制动器产生较高的阻力损失，其不利地影响燃油经济。
当制动器的隔板用花键直接连接至变速器箱时，箱中的自动变速器流体很难排出，这导致了较高的阻力。当制动器的隔板用花键直接连接至变速器箱时，隔板和摩擦板的安装必须完成为总装配（final assembly），而不是优选的局部装配（subassembly）。
在变速器箱中形成接合制动器的隔板上的花键齿的花键齿对于机器来说是昂贵的，并且产生过多、不需要的废料。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种变速器，其包括：齿轮组，其中每个齿轮组都包括旋转组件；阻止旋转的支架；位于支架中的制动器伺服器；制动器，其中每个制动器都由其中一个制动器伺服器驱动以在支架与各自的齿轮组组件之间产生连接；外壳；位于外壳中的离合器伺服器；以及离合器，其中每个离合器都由其中一个离合器伺服器驱动以在外壳与各自的齿轮组组件之间产生传动连接。
变速器提供了用于所有制动器、离合器和齿轮组的最佳位置。其允许三个旋转离合器被封装在同一个部件中，两个离合器被径向叠放以最小化轴向长度。制动器活塞被封装在前支架中以降低封装成本和长度。
输入轴形成有四个轴向供给通道，其中三个通道用于三个离合器应用回路的每一个，并且一个通道用于供应平衡室。输入轴中的其中一个通道为多路复用，并且还用于从后方供给最后面的离合器。
变速器具有在变速器箱中形成的最小数目的花键。
优选实施例的适用范围将通过下文的具体说明、权利要求书和附图而变得显而易见。应当理解，尽管表明了本发明的优选实施例，但是说明和具体示例仅以说明性的方式给出。对本领域技术人员来说，对所述实施例和示例所做出的变化和改进将是显而易见的。
附图说明
通过参考以下说明以及附图将使本发明更容易理解，其中：
图1为用于机动车辆的自动变速器的运动总成的示意图；
图2为示出了离合器外壳的图1的运动总成的中间长度部分的横截面侧视图；并且
图3为示出了制动器总成的图1的运动总成的前段长度部分的横截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1中的总成10包括输入轴12；输出轴14；中间轴16。第一行星齿轮组20具有第一太阳齿轮22、第一环形齿轮24、第一支架26以及一组支承在支架26上并与太阳齿轮22和环形齿轮24处于持续啮合中的行星小齿轮30。
第二行星齿轮组32包括固定耦接至太阳齿轮22的第二太阳齿轮34；第二环形齿轮36；固定耦接至输入轴12的第二支架38；以及一组支承在支架38上并与太阳齿轮34和环形齿轮36处于持续啮合中的行星小齿轮40。
第三行星齿轮组42包括固定耦接至环形齿轮36的第三太阳齿轮44；第三环形齿轮46；第三支架48；以及一组支承在支架48上并与太阳齿轮44和环形齿轮46处于持续啮合中的行星小齿轮50。
第四行星齿轮组52包括固定耦接至环形齿轮46的第四太阳齿轮54；通过壳体58固定耦接至支架26的第四环形齿轮56；固定耦接至输出轴14的第四支架60；以及一组支承在支架60上并与太阳齿轮54和环形齿轮56处于持续啮合中的行星齿轮62。
第一制动器64选择性地阻止环形齿轮24旋转。
第二制动器66选择性地阻止太阳齿轮22、34在变速器箱124上的旋转。
第一离合器68选择性地将环形齿轮36耦接至离合器外壳70。
第二离合器72选择性地将支架48耦接至离合器外壳70。
第三离合器74选择性地将环形齿轮46和太阳齿轮54耦接至输入轴12。
第四离合器76选择性地将壳体58耦接至离合器外壳70。
图2示出了支架26固定在壳体58上。
离合器外壳70包括形成有内花键齿的轴向臂82，离合器68的隔板84上的外齿固定至该内花键齿，以随着离合器外壳70旋转。离合器68的摩擦板用花键连接至在形成有环形齿轮36的环85上形成的外花键齿。
沿着输入轴12的径向外侧上的轴线86延伸的中间轴16固定在环85上，其中卡环完成该连接。离合器外壳70由在中间轴16的径向外表面上轴向隔开的衬套90、92支承。
离合器外壳70包括另一形成有外花键齿的轴向臂94，离合器76的隔板96上的内齿固定至该外花键齿，以随着离合器外壳70旋转。离合器76的摩擦板用花键连接至形成在壳体58上的内花键齿。
离合器72的隔板上的外齿98接合在离合器外壳70的臂94上形成的内花键齿。离合器72的摩擦板用花键连接至在支架48上形成的外花键齿。
位于衬套90、92之间并在离合器外壳70的轴毂100中形成的是四个供给回路。单个平衡隔障油供给（balance dam oil feed）将自动变速器流体(ATF)——一种液压流体——供应至离合器68、72、76的压力平衡室102、104、106。平衡隔障103、105、107在离合器68、72、76的活塞110、112、114处密封压力平衡室102、104、106。
离合器68、72、76的每个伺服缸都通过专用回路被供应驱动压力，该回路在离合器外壳70中形成并与在输入轴12中形成的流体通道连通。当没有驱动压力施加在离合器68、72、76上时，离合器外壳70与总成10的任何其他部件都不存在固定连接。
图3示出了通过螺栓122固定至变速器箱124并将输入轴12支承在衬套126上的泵支架120。用于制动器64、66的轴毂128包括固定在泵支架上的径向臂130，以及形成有外和内轴向花键的轴向臂，制动器64、66的隔板分别固定在该外和内轴向花键上。
制动器66的摩擦盘132连接至在盘134上形成的外轴向花键齿，其中盘134通过中间轴18固定在太阳齿轮22、34上。制动器64的摩擦盘136连接至在盘138上形成的内轴向花键齿，其中盘138固定在环形齿轮24上并支承在位于支架26上的两个推力轴承140之间。
齿轮组20的行星小齿轮30旋转支承在小齿轮轴142上，其中小齿轮轴142支承在支架26上。
泵支架120形成有含有活塞146的第一缸144，其中活塞146经过开口148延伸至与制动器64的其中一个隔板接触。制动器应用压力通过通道150、151传递至缸144。轴毂臂130中的开口148允许制动器轴毂总成的装配工在对齐摩擦板136与盘138时透过臂查看。
支架120还由形成有含有活塞156的第二缸154，其中活塞156接触制动器66的其中一个隔板。制动器应用压力通过通道158传递至缸154。
制动器轴毂128的径向臂130固定在变速器箱124上，以使臂接触轴向挡块152，该轴向挡块152限制臂的轴向位移，并给活塞146施加在制动器64的板上的力以及活塞156施加在制动器66的板上的力提供轴向反作用力。
根据专利法规的规定，已经说明了优选的实施例。然而，应当注意到，还可以实施不同于具体说明和描述的另外的实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种变速器，其特征在于，包含：
齿轮组，每个齿轮组都包括旋转组件；
阻止旋转的支架；
位于支架内的制动器伺服器；
制动器，每个制动器都由其中一个制动器伺服器驱动，以在支架与各自的齿轮组组件之间产生连接；
外壳；
位于外壳中的离合器伺服器；
离合器，每个离合器都由其中一个离合器伺服器驱动，以在外壳与各自的齿轮组组件之间产生传动连接。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于，还包含：
固定以防止位移的箱；并且
其中支架固定在箱上并形成有制动器伺服缸，每个缸都含有用于驱动其中一个制动器的活塞。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于，还包含：
固定在支架上的制动器轴毂；
每个制动器都包括连接至制动器轴毂的板。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于：
齿轮组还包含包括环形齿轮和太阳齿轮的第一行星齿轮组；并且
制动器还包含可释放地阻止环形齿轮旋转的第一制动器，以及用于可释放地阻止环形齿轮旋转的第二制动器。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于，外壳形成有离合器伺服缸，每个缸都含有用于驱动其中一个离合器的活塞。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于：
齿轮组还包括具有第二环形齿轮、第二太阳齿轮、支架、和支承在支架上并与第二环形齿轮和第二太阳齿轮接合的小齿轮的第二行星齿轮组；并且
离合器还包括用于在外壳与第二环形齿轮之间产生传动连接的第一离合器。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于：
齿轮组还包括具有第三环形齿轮、第三太阳齿轮、第三支架、和支承在支架上并与第三环形齿轮和第三太阳齿轮接合的第三小齿轮的第三行星齿轮组；并且
离合器还包括用于在第三支架之间产生传动连接的第二离合器。
8.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于，还包含：
连接第一行星齿轮组的支架与第四行星齿轮组的环形齿轮的壳体；并且
其中离合器还包括用于在外壳与壳体之间产生传动连接的第三离合器。
9.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于：
齿轮组还包括具有环形齿轮、太阳齿轮、支架、和支承在支架上并与环形齿轮和太阳齿轮接合的小齿轮的行星齿轮组；以及具有第四环形齿轮、第四太阳齿轮、第四支架、和支承在第四支架上并与第四环形齿轮和第四太阳齿轮接合的第四小齿轮的第四行星齿轮组；并且
还包含：
连接第一行星齿轮组的支架与第四行星齿轮组的环形齿轮的壳体；并且
离合器还包括用于在外壳与壳体之间产生传动连接的第三离合器。
10.根据权利要求1中所述的变速器，其特征在于，每个离合器伺服器都包含：
位于外壳中的缸；
位于缸中的活塞；
支承在外壳上并定义平衡室的平衡隔障；以及
推动活塞离开平衡隔障的弹簧。
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