CN103772074B - A kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato and preparation method thereof, this fertilizer is particulate state, comprises three-decker, is followed successively by fertilizer kernel, coating coating and water-holding agent coating from inside to outside.Long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato kernel of the present invention contains the effective ingredients such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the compound trace element fertilizer being specially adapted for sweet potato, and coating coating control moisture enters the speed in film, the release of regulation and control nutrient.Water-holding agent coating then effectively can be protected and be stored soil moisture and rainwater, reduces side seepage paths stream and moisture transpiration, ensures the mid-early stage growth of sweet potato.The preparation method of this fertilizer has once sprayed, and technique occupation of land is less, facility investment is less, preparation flow is simple, power consumption is few, and coated fertilizer cost is low, fertilizer price reduces greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation field of Crop fertilizer and fertilizer, particularly long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato of one and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In prior art, special fertilizer for sweet potato is mixed according to a certain percentage by the chemical fertilizer of simple substance containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer.Nitrogenous fertilizer in fertilizer material used, as urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, bicarbonate of ammonia etc., is easy to after calcareous soil is used produce ammonia loss by volatilization, meanwhile, after the nitrobacteria role transformation in soil is nitric nitrogen, then and easier leaching loss and loss; And the Ca, Mg and Fe aluminium plasma symphysis long insoluble of phosphorus element also comparatively easily and in soil in fertilizer precipitates; Potassium element is then easily fixed by 2:1 type clay mineral; Not only cause the utilization ratio of fertilizer lower, cause the wasting of resources, and in fertilizer nutrient leaching loss and run off and also can cause the eutrophication pollution of water body.
For extending the fertilizer efficiency time, existing slow-releasing fertilizer is the controlled-release of additives adding 1.5-2.0% in fertilizer, such as Chinese patent application open (CN1308042A), and controlled-release of additives selects humic acid, Dyhard RU 100, quinhydrones.The filmcoated controlled release fertilizer also had is the coating coating having slowly-releasing to put in the outside of fertilizer kernel, coated fertilizer selective polymer, the such as Chinese patent (ZL95190939.8) of company of U.S. application, be first spray one deck sulphur coating by the rotating cylinder of two series connection on the surface of urea granules, and then spray the polymeric sealant of one deck diisocyanates.This secondary spraying coating process takes up an area comparatively greatly, facility investment is more, preparation flow is complicated, have impact on promoting the use of of fertilizer, and simple urea granules is not suitable for sweet potato uses whole breeding time, the release profiles of its fertilizer nutrient and sweet potato need fertile absorption curve usually inconsistent.
Summary of the invention
For many defects that prior art exists, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato and preparation method thereof, solve common fertilizer easily runs off, lack of water causes fertilizer efficiency reduction etc., not only can extend the fertilizer efficiency time, but also sweet potato whole breeding time can be met to the problem of fertilizer needs; And solve that existing slow release long-acting fertilizer is expensive, the technical problem of complex process.
A kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, this fertilizer is particulate state, comprises three-decker, is followed successively by fertilizer kernel, coating coating and water-holding agent coating from inside to outside;
Fertilizer kernel accounts for 75 ~ 85% of fertilizer gross weight;
Coating coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 8 ~ 15%;
Water-holding agent coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 5 ~ 10%;
1) contain nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and additive in described fertilizer kernel, the weight ratio that in fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer calculate with purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide is respectively: 1: 1 ~ 2: 1 ~ 4; In described fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from the combination of one or more in urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate; Phosphate fertilizer is selected from the combination of one or more in ammonium phosphate, double superhosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; Potash fertilizer is selected from one or both combination of potassium sulfate and Repone K.Additive in described fertilizer kernel is xanthohumic acid, urease inhibitor, light calcium carbonate and/or compound trace element fertilizer; Described compound trace element fertilizer is selected from the combination of one or more in zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid.
2) described coating coating contains the following one-tenth accounting for weight of fertilizer per-cent and is grouped into: 5-10% containing 0.05-0.5% ammonium chloride and the urea formaldehyde of 0.01-1% thiocarbamide, the polyethylene wax of 3-5%; Also can containing the nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent of nitrification inhibitor type accounting for coating coating wt 0-5% in coating coating, described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent be selected from Dyhard RU 100 and the chloro-6-(trichloromethyl of 2-) one or both combination in pyridine;
3) described water-holding agent coating is sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent.
2. the method concrete steps preparing above-mentioned long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato are as follows:
1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: each straight fertilizer is dropped in stirring mixer in proportion, mixes, granulation, dry, sieve out the solid particulate needing size; Rotary drum steam granulation, disc granulation or spray granulating technique can be adopted, the ball-shaped granular fertilizers of fertilizer kernel to be particle diameter be 2.5-3.5mm in the granulating working procedure of fertilizer kernel; Bake out temperature is 80-120 DEG C;
2), spraying coating: the fertilizer kernel completing granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, with atomisation unit, the various synchronous material of coating coating is sprayed at the surface of fertilizer kernel, be cured coating processing under 70-100 DEG C of condition;
3), by step 2) fertilizer after coating, adhere to sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent as water-holding agent coating at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling; Namely long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato is obtained.
Beneficial effect: long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato kernel of the present invention contains the effective ingredients such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the compound trace element fertilizer being specially adapted for sweet potato, according to the fertile ratio of the need of sweet potato and need fertile time, the macroelement such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium first needed by growth of sweet potato and trace element simple substance or compound fertilizer are according to suitable ratio, become after fertilizer kernel through the processes such as granulation, oven dry, more synchronously sprayed by a rotary drum fluid-bed technique and there is certain thickness coating coating and wrap up in multiple one deck water-holding agent layer.This coating coating and water-holding agent layer are the compound coatings with slowly-releasing water conservation, and its effect blocks water, and improve the toughness of coating layer, and strengthen the tack between coating coating and fertilizer kernel, coating containment continuity is good.To be blocked water usefulness by the densification controlling the mol ratio of urea and formaldehyde in urea formaldehyde, controllable urea formaldehyde and polyethylene wax composite membrane.Control moisture enters the speed in film, the release of regulation and control nutrient.And water-holding agent coating, then effectively can protect and store soil moisture and rainwater, reduce side seepage paths stream and moisture transpiration, ensure the mid-early stage growth of sweet potato.The preparation method of this fertilizer has once sprayed, and technique occupation of land is less, facility investment is less, preparation flow is simple, power consumption is few, and coated fertilizer cost is low, fertilizer price reduces greatly.
In the present invention's long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, the proportioning of each nutrient is applicable to the needs of growth of sweet potato very much, owing to there being the coating of Co ntrolled release in long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, its nutrient release curve and sweet potato need fertile absorption curve consistent, the demand of sweet potato to nutrient can be met in time, simultaneously again can Co ntrolled release, prevent nutrient by leaching loss and fix, improving utilization rate of fertilizer more than 5 percentage points.The present invention is administering long-lasting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato when sweet potato ridging, or it is disposable employed during sweet potato cuttage, both can regulate and control nutrients release, extend the fertilizer efficiency time, sweet potato whole breeding time can be met again to the needs of fertilizer, need not topdress again in the breeding time of sweet potato, common fertilizer can be avoided the infringement of sweet potato's seedlings, the supply preventing excessive growth in early stage, later stage fertilizer deficiency, particularly later stage potassium element.This fertilizer has single-dose application can meet sweet potato time of infertility to the feature of nutrient requirement; fertilizer efficiency is safety for a long time; apply fertilizer easy, saving fertilizer; save recruitment, improve fertilizer efficiency, protection of the environment; both once can apply as base manure, also can apply with seed manure or the form of topdressing of spreading manuer in holes when sweet potato cuttage simultaneously, supply sweet potato nutrient can be continued during growth of sweet potato; according to the breeding time of sweet potato, its nutrient-lapsed time can be set as 45 ~ 120 days.By reducing fertilizer amount, both can having saved manure resources and don't need peasant to increase investment, is the special fertilizer for sweet potato of environment-friendly type, point-and-shoot.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, concrete raw material and preparation method as follows:
(1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: by the nutrient P of 200kg
2o
5content is the powdery double superhosphate of 40%, the K of 480kg
2o content is the agramon of the potassium sulfate of 50%, 55kg, and 25kg xanthohumic acid drops in stirring mixer, mixes.
Use the granulation of spray granulating technique, concrete is: the powdery double superhosphate mixed, potassium sulfate, agramon, additive are sent in pelletizing drum.By 100kg urea melting, adopt spray granulating technique, be sprayed in the fertilizer mix in granulating cylinder, again through 90 DEG C of oven dry, be sieved into the ball-shaped granular fertilizers kernel that particle diameter is 2.5-3.5mm, wherein in fertilizer kernel nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively with purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide calculate weight ratio be: 8.3 ~ 9.5 ~ 27.9.
(2), coating is sprayed: the fertilizer kernel completing granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, temperature controls at 100 DEG C, with atomisation unit, the polyethylene wax of urea formaldehyde solution 60kg and 30kg containing 0.5% ammonium chloride and 1% thiocarbamide is synchronously sprayed at the surface of fertilizer kernel;
(3) last, stick 50kg sodium polyacrylate water-holding agent at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling.After coating processes, be long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato.
By fertilizer prepared by aforesaid method, the weight of coating coating and water-holding agent coating accounts for 14% of fertilizer gross weight, and the slowly-releasing cycle is 90 days.
In identical situation above-mentioned in technique and material and the present embodiment, material in step (2) is replaced with the urea formaldehyde solution 93kg containing 0.5% ammonium chloride and 1% thiocarbamide and 40kg polyethylene wax, in the fertilizer of preparation, the weight of coating coating and water-holding agent coating accounts for 17.6% of fertilizer gross weight, and slow-release period is 120 days.
Such long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato is suitable for northern hills area poor rainfed land soil.
Embodiment 2:
Long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato containing trace element zinc can be prepared by following steps.
(1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: 50kg agramon, 110kg N-P
2o
5-K
2o nutrient content is the K of the powdery monoammonium phosphate of 12 ~ 55 ~ 0,480kg
2o content is the potassium sulfate of 50%, and zinc content 24% zinc sulfate 42kg, 38kg xanthohumic acid mixes.The above-mentioned fertilizer mixed is sent in pelletizing drum.
140kg urea melting, adopt spray granulating technique, all being sprayed in the fertilizer mix in granulating cylinder by the 140kg urea of melting, and controlling to reach suitable size, is the special fertilizer for sweet potato (also containing the trace element zinc of 1%) of nutrient content 11.7 ~ 7 ~ 27.9.This granulating working procedure also can adopt rotary drum steam granulation or disc granulation.In baking operation, the oven dry granulating temperature of drying kiln is 100 DEG C.In screening operation, the ball-shaped granular fertilizers of its kernel to be particle diameter be 2.5 ~ 3.5mm.
(2), spraying coating: the fertilizer kernel completing granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, with atomisation unit, the urea formaldehyde solution 60kg and 30kg polyethylene wax that contain 0.5% ammonium chloride and 1% thiourea curative is synchronously sprayed at the surface of fertilizer kernel;
(3) last, stick 50kg sodium polyacrylate water-holding agent at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling.After coating processes, be long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato.
Composition and the content of this long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato are: the nitrogen in long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, phosphorus, potassium folding synthetic nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, after potassium oxide, the weight of three and be 42 ± 1% of long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato weight; The weight of release-controlled film accounts for 14% of fertilizer gross weight, and the controlled release phase is 90 days.
In identical situation above-mentioned in technique and material and the present embodiment, material in step (2) is replaced with: containing urea formaldehyde solution 93kg and the 40kg polyethylene wax of 0.5% ammonium chloride and 1% thiourea curative, in the fertilizer of preparation, the weight of coating coating and water-holding agent coating accounts for 18.3% of fertilizer gross weight, and slow-release period is 120 days.
Embodiment 3:
When manufacture craft and embodiment 1 are identical with 2, regulate kind and the proportioning of material, made different fertilizer kernel, as shown in table 1:
Table 1 fertilizer kernel combination matching is selected
Described additive 1 is selected from the mixture of one or more in xanthohumic acid, urease inhibitor and light calcium carbonate; Described additive 2 is compound trace element fertilizer, is selected from the combination of one or more in zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid.
Outside fertilizer kernel, the coating coating of its spraying is different with the thickness of water-holding agent layer, and in coating coating, the material mixture ratio difference of solidifying agent then can produce the dedicated fertilizer (see table 2) of different slow-release time and water retention capacity.
The combination matching of table 2 coating coating and water-holding agent figure layer material is selected
Described solidifying agent is account for the 0.05-0.5% ammonium chloride of urea formaldehyde weight and account for the composition of 0.01-1% thiocarbamide of urea formaldehyde weight.
Claims (2)
1. a long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato, this fertilizer is particulate state, comprises three-decker, is followed successively by fertilizer kernel, coating coating and water-holding agent coating from inside to outside; It is characterized in that:
Fertilizer kernel accounts for 75 ~ 85% of fertilizer gross weight;
Coating coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 8 ~ 15%;
Water-holding agent coating accounts for fertilizer gross weight: 5 ~ 10%;
1) contain nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and additive in described fertilizer kernel, the weight ratio that in fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer calculate with purity nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide is respectively: 1: 1 ~ 2: 1 ~ 4; In described fertilizer kernel, nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from the combination of one or more in urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate; Phosphate fertilizer is selected from the combination of one or more in ammonium phosphate, double superhosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; Potash fertilizer is selected from one or both combination of potassium sulfate and Repone K; Additive in described fertilizer kernel is xanthohumic acid, urease inhibitor, light calcium carbonate and/or compound trace element fertilizer; Described compound trace element fertilizer is selected from the combination of one or more in zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid;
2) described coating coating contains the following one-tenth accounting for weight of fertilizer per-cent and is grouped into: 5-10% containing 0.05-0.5% ammonium chloride and the urea formaldehyde of 0.01-1% thiocarbamide, the polyethylene wax of 3-5%; Containing the nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent of nitrification inhibitor type accounting for coating coating wt 0-5% in coating coating, described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is selected from one or both the combination in Dyhard RU 100 and the chloro-6-of 2-(trichloromethyl) pyridine;
3) described water-holding agent coating is sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent.
2. prepare a method for long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1), prefabricated fertilizer kernel: each straight fertilizer is dropped in stirring mixer in proportion, mixes, granulation, dry, sieve out the solid particulate needing size; Rotary drum steam granulation, disc granulation or spray granulating technique is adopted, the ball-shaped granular fertilizers of fertilizer kernel to be particle diameter be 2.5-3.5mm in the granulating working procedure of fertilizer kernel; Bake out temperature is 80-120 DEG C;
2), spraying coating: the fertilizer kernel completing granulation is sent in fluidized-bed film applicator, with atomisation unit, the various synchronous material of coating coating is sprayed at the surface of fertilizer kernel, be cured coating processing under 70-100 DEG C of condition;
3), by step 2) fertilizer after coating, adhere to sodium polyacrylate polymer water-holding agent as water-holding agent coating at the superficies of fertilizer by rolling; Namely long-acting dry farming special fertilizer for sweet potato is obtained.
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