CN106380337A - Preparation method of multilayer-coated slow release fertilizer for wheat - Google Patents
Preparation method of multilayer-coated slow release fertilizer for wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN106380337A CN106380337A CN201610753434.8A CN201610753434A CN106380337A CN 106380337 A CN106380337 A CN 106380337A CN 201610753434 A CN201610753434 A CN 201610753434A CN 106380337 A CN106380337 A CN 106380337A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a multilayer-coated slow release fertilizer for wheat. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a nitrogen fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer synergist, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, medium trace element fertilizer and auxiliary materials, adding modified cassava powder as a binder, crushing, and granulating to obtain core particles; carrying out aging reaction on concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia to obtain slurry, coating the core particles with the slurry as an internal coating material so as to form particles with the internal coating layer; humidifying the particles with the internal coating layer, adding an external coating material to uniformly coat the particles with the internal coating layer so as to obtain particles with an external coating layer, drying, polishing, and sieving to obtain the multilayer-coated slow release fertilizer for wheat. The multilayer-coated slow release fertilizer for wheat can fully supply wheat with nutrients. The supply of nutrients is lasting and harmonious, and release of nutrient elements can be controlled. Topdressing is not required by one-time fertilization. By the use of the fertilizer, quality and yield of wheat are remarkably enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fertilizers, more particularly, to a kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer.
Background technology
Wheat is one of cereal crops important in the world, containing abundant starch, protein and fat, is also people's body weight
The energy source wanted.There is about 1/3rd population in the whole world with wheat staple food, in the world the high country of yield of wheat have France,
Germany, Britain, Holland, Denmark etc., unit yield 6500-8200kg.hm2, is approximately 2.5-3.0 times of the average per unit area yield in the world.
In China, wheat is the second largest cereal crops being only second to paddy rice, is distinguished main product according to region and production distribution
For Northeasten Spring Wheat Area of China, the northwest area of wheat, North China, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River Winter Wheat Area and the southwestern area of wheat, this 5 areas cover the whole nation
The 99% of the wheat gross area, whole year possesses cultivated area and has reached 1.5 hundred million mu, and Wheat indurstry development directly affects 1,300,000,000 populations
The livelihood issues such as have enough to eat and wear.
However, wheat due to breeding time be up to 230-240 days, be divided into emerge, tiller, jointing stage, booting, ear, bloom,
The breeding time such as grouting and maturation, big and lasting to the demand of nutrient, if good quality and high output to be obtained, conventional fertilizer application method is necessary
Repeatedly apply fertilizer, fertilising cost of labor is high, and pole is not easy to operate；Particularly quickly propelled and agriculture by present modern new countryside construction
The dispirited impact of product price, be engaged in agricultural production mostly stay-at-home rural area personnel, and the structure of knowledge of these personnel and labour are thin
Weak, substantial amounts of unreasonable fertilising or mistake buying are applied fake and forged chemical fertilizer and are happened occasionally, and lead to the soil organism to decline, plate
Knot, soda acidization are serious, and soil ecosystem is destroyed.According to statistics, since 2000, on annual wheat, dose increases by 3%, and changes
The fertile contribution rate to yield but declines year after year, and yield and quality of wheat declines seriously therewith, develops as one pleases, and is directly injured me
The grain security of state and social stability.For these problems, develop both at home and abroad multiple envelope type slow releases fertile although can be certain
The release of nutrient is controlled on degree, but these coated fertilizers typically itself are difficult to degrade, and cause soil pollution and coat fertilizer
Expect its large-scale use of expensive price limit.
Content of the invention
The technical problem being existed based on background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of preparation side of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer
Method, its prepared wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer can be sufficiently fed wheat nutrition, and nutrient supply is persistently coordinated, and controllable battalion
The release of foster element, single fertilization, without topdressing, significantly improves wheat quality and yield.
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, by nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphorus
After fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer, auxiliary materials and mixing, add modified tapioca starch as binding agent, pulverize, granulation, obtain kernel
Grain；Again the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out slaking reaction and obtain slip, described slip is wrapped in institute as inner investment material
State inner core particles outer layer and formed and there is the particle of inner investment layer, and to have the particle of inner investment layer described in controlling be predetermined particle diameter；
After the described particle with inner investment layer is humidified, add outsourcing membrane material, outsourcing membrane material is uniformly wrapped in there is interior bag
The particle outer layer of film layer, obtains the particle with outer coating layer, last drying, polishing, sieves, obtain described wheat multilayer bag
Film slow-release fertilizer；In wherein said wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer：Total N content >=19wt%, P2O5Content >=11wt%, K2O content
>=13wt%, S content >=2wt%, Zn content >=0.2wt%, B content >=0.1wt%, Fe content >=0.09wt%, Mn content
>=0.25wt%.
Wherein, H in the concentrated sulfuric acid2SO4Mass percent be 98.3%.
Preferably, the preparation method of described wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, its concrete steps includes：
S1, nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer, auxiliary material and modified tapioca starch are mixed,
Send in comminutor after pulverizing and granulated, obtain inner core particles；
S2, the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out obtaining slip after slaking reaction, described slip are sprayed in comminutor,
Add the inner core particles that S1 obtains to be granulated, obtain the particle with inner investment layer, re-dry, being sized to particle diameter is 3-4mm；
After S3, the particle with inner investment layer obtaining S2 humidify, send in comminutor, add outsourcing membrane material to carry out
Granulation, obtains the particle with outer coating layer；
S4, the particle drying with outer coating layer that S3 is obtained, polishing, after sieving, obtain described wheat multilayer coating
Slow-release fertilizer.
Preferably, described nitrogen manure is organic nitrogen manure and the mixture of inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer, wherein organic nitrogen
The weight of fertilizer and inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer is than for 1:2-3.
Preferably, described organic nitrogen manure includes machine fertilizer and humic acid, and the wherein content of fertilizer is organic nitrogen
The 60-85% of weight of fertilizer, the content of humic acid is the 15-40% of organic nitrogen manure weight；Described fertilizer be by soya-bean cake,
Acid-sludge compares 4-6 according to weight:1 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed forms；Described inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer is urea, ammonium chloride, MAP, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
The mixture of any one or more in ammonium.
Preferably, described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is N-serve, normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine, tetrachloro pyrrole
The mixture of any one or more in pyridine formic acid, penta chloropyridine is it is preferable that its consumption is the 1-3% of nitrogen manure weight.
Preferably, described phosphate fertilizer be MAP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, any one in ammonium nitrate phosphorus
Plant or multiple mixtures is it is preferable that its consumption is the 70-80% of nitrogen manure weight；Described potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or chlorination
Potassium is it is preferable that its consumption is the 35-45% of nitrogen manure weight；Described middle trace element fertilizer is magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sulfuric acid
One of ferrous iron, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, borax or multiple mixtures are it is preferable that its consumption is nitrogen manure weight
5-10%；Described auxiliary material is one of kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, atlapulgite, attapulgite, zeolite powder or many
The mixture planted is it is preferable that its consumption is the 10-15% of nitrogen manure weight.
Preferably, the preparation method of described modification tapioca starch includes：Tapioca starch is added the ethanol that content is 80-90wt%
In the aqueous solution, stirring is lower to add caustic soda, quaternization 20-30min at 30-40 DEG C, adds stirring at esterifying agent, 50-120 DEG C
30-50min, adds etherifying agent, stirs 60-70min at 90-120 DEG C, obtains described modification tapioca starch, wherein tapioca starch, burning
Alkali, esterifying agent, the weight proportion of etherifying agent are 1:0.1-0.3:0.03-0.05:0.6-0.8, and esterifying agent be acetic acid, phosphoric acid or
Person's nitric acid, etherifying agent is methyl alcohol, ethanol, oxirane or expoxy propane；Preferably, the consumption of described modification tapioca starch is nitrogen
The 5-10% of fertilizer weight.
Preferably, the preparation method of described outsourcing membrane material includes：Polyvinyl alcohol is added water after stirring, be warming up to
90-95 DEG C, insulation reaction l-1.5h, it is cooled to 70-80 DEG C, adds hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to 3-4, adding content is 30-40wt%
Formalin, after insulated and stirred reaction 1-3h, add sodium metasilicate and urea, insulated and stirred 0.5-1h, evaporating water, add
Semi-hydrated gypsum mixes, granulation, water logging 24-36h, adds bentonite and mixes, obtains described outsourcing membrane material, wherein, polyethylene
Alcohol, formalin, sodium metasilicate, urea, semi-hydrated gypsum, bentonitic weight proportion are 1:0.3-0.5:0.1-0.3:0.4-
0.6:0.5-0.9:0.5-0.8；Preferably, the consumption of described outsourcing membrane material is the 10-15% of nitrogen manure weight.
Preferably, the raw material percentage composition by weight of described wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer includes：Fertilizer 6-10%, corruption
Grow sour 1-5%, urea 15-22%, MAP 28-35%, potassium chloride 17-24%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 6-12%, phosphatase 11-3%, liquid
Ammonia 2-5%, concentrated sulfuric acid 1-3%, modified tapioca starch 3-8%, middle trace element fertilizer 3-5%, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent 0.2-0.5%, auxiliary
Material 4-8%, outsourcing membrane material 5-10%；Wherein said middle trace element fertilizer be by weight proportion be 0.5:1:1:1 sulfuric acid is sub-
Iron, manganese sulfate, borax and zinc sulfate composition.
Preferably, in described wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, the weight proportion of amidonitrogen are 1:
3-4:3-5 is it is preferable that nitrate nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, the weight proportion of amidonitrogen are 1:3.5:4.
A kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer proposed by the present invention, prepared wheat multilayer coated slow-release
Fertile structure is made up of kernel, theca interna and theca externa, kernel by nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, in micro
Element fertilizer, auxiliary material, modified tapioca starch granulation are formed, and theca interna is by liquefied ammonia, the concentrated sulfuric acid, the ammonium phosphate of phosphatase reaction generation, sulfuric acid
Ammonium is formed, and theca externa is formed by peplos is material coated.
In the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer of heretofore described preparation method preparation, using organic nitrogen manure and inorganic
Nitrogen fertilizer compounds as sources of nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer etc. are containing scientific matching
Big-and-middle trace element fertilizer and polymorphic nitrogenous fertilizer, make the coordinative role of Fertilizer nutrient element greatly reinforce, improve the utilization of fertilizer
The utilization rate of efficiency, particularly nitrogenous fertilizer, can be various nutrients necessary to wheat growth, and then improves the quality of wheat
With yield；Organic nitrogen manure includes fertilizer and the humic acid being formed by soya-bean cake, vinegar residue fermentation, except with nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium etc.
The inorganic fertilizer of nutrient forms compounding, effectively improves the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, promote crop circulation and long-term using in addition moreover it is possible to
Improve the content of the soil organism, and after this organic matter is decomposed by edaphon, generate substantial amounts of humic acid substance, its energy
It is complexed with occurring in soil or chelatropic reaction is so as to generate humic acid potassium or the humic acid trace element salt with colloidal property
Class, is conducive to the absorption of crop root, and reduces the loss that it occurs with water, improves its utilization rate, thus improve soil supporting
Divide situation, grain structure, meet plant growth demand.In conjunction with the growth characteristics of wheat and fertile rule can be needed in the present invention simultaneously
Rule, preparation forms multi-level coated granule structure, by slowly enduringly discharging nutrient, makes nutrient in fertilizer
The extension of validity of release, thus meet the demand for nutrient for the wheat growth middle and later periods, it is to avoid early ageing and de- fertilizer；In concrete shape
When becoming multi-level capsule structure, by extracting tapioca starch from natural biological, and after tapioca starch is alkalized, through esterification, etherificate
Reaction, forms a kind of caking property by force, and the natural polymer of good film-forming property, for granulating together with nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer
When, macromolecular hinge connection chain can be formed, dramatically increase the compression strength of fertiliser granulates；Simultaneously in the structure forming outer coating layer
Formula, by adding outsourcing membrane material, it utilizes Pioloform, polyvinyl acetal product, adds that Ludox is acted on urea, forms a kind of tool
Have the body structure macromolecular of bonds well performance, itself has good filming performance, then by by this organic macromolecule and
Semi-hydrated gypsum, bentonitic inorganic filler are reacted, and make the fine and close organic-inorganic composite body coated fertilizer in top layer, except
Additionally it is possible to improve water-resistance beyond the coating effect of outsourcing membrane material can be strengthened, more can be formed new and between the granular fertilizer such as urea
Chemical bond, adhesion is strong, is favorably improved the sustained release performance of coated granule；By above-mentioned outsourcing membrane material in fertilizer in the present invention
The outer layer of grain forms membrane structure, can substantially slow down the disintegration of particle, pins nutrient and slowly discharges.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, a kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, comprise the steps：
S1, by nitrogen manure, N-serve, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate, middle trace element fertilizer, kaolin
Mix with modified tapioca starch, send in comminutor after pulverizing and granulated, obtain inner core particles；
S2, the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out obtaining slip after slaking reaction, described slip are sprayed in comminutor,
Add the inner core particles that S1 obtains to be granulated, obtain the particle with inner investment layer, re-dry, being sized to particle diameter is 3-4mm；
After S3, the particle with inner investment layer obtaining S2 humidify, send in comminutor, add outsourcing membrane material to carry out
Granulation, obtains the particle with outer coating layer；
S4, the particle drying with outer coating layer that S3 is obtained, polishing, after sieving, obtain described wheat multilayer coating
Slow-release fertilizer；
Wherein, described nitrogen manure is weight ratio for 1:2 organic nitrogen manure and the mixture of inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer, institute
State organic nitrogen manure and include 60wt% fertilizer and 40wt% humic acid, and described fertilizer is according to weight by soya-bean cake, acid-sludge
Amount compares 4:1 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed forms, and described inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer is urea, the mixture of ammonium chloride；
The consumption of N-serve is the 1% of nitrogen manure weight；The consumption of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) is nitrogen manure
The 70% of weight；The consumption of potassium sulfate is the 35% of nitrogen manure weight；Described middle trace element fertilizer be magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate,
Ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, the mixture of borax, its consumption is the 5% of nitrogen manure weight；Kaolinic consumption is
The 10% of nitrogen manure weight；
The preparation method of described modification tapioca starch includes：Tapioca starch is added in the ethanol water that content is 80wt%,
Stirring is lower to add caustic soda, quaternization 20min at 40 DEG C, adds acetic acid, stirring 30min at 120 DEG C, addition methyl alcohol, 120 DEG C
Lower stirring 60min, obtains described modification tapioca starch, wherein tapioca starch, caustic soda, acetic acid, the weight proportion of methyl alcohol are 1:0.3:
0.03:0.8；The consumption of described modification tapioca starch is the 5% of nitrogen manure weight；
The preparation method of described outsourcing membrane material includes：Polyvinyl alcohol is added water after stirring, be warming up to 90 DEG C, insulation
Reaction 1.5h, is cooled to 70 DEG C, adds hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to 4, adds the formalin that content is 30wt%, and insulated and stirred is anti-
After answering 3h, add sodium metasilicate and urea, insulated and stirred 0.5h, evaporating water, add semi-hydrated gypsum to mix, granulation, water logging 36h,
Add bentonite to mix, obtain described outsourcing membrane material, wherein, polyvinyl alcohol, formalin, sodium metasilicate, urea, Ban Shui
Gypsum, bentonitic weight proportion are 1:0.3:0.3:0.4:0.9:0.5；The consumption of described outsourcing membrane material is nitrogen manure weight
The 10% of amount.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, a kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, comprise the steps：
S1, nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer, auxiliary material and modified tapioca starch are mixed,
Send in comminutor after pulverizing and granulated, obtain inner core particles；
S2, the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out obtaining slip after slaking reaction, described slip are sprayed in comminutor,
Add the inner core particles that S1 obtains to be granulated, obtain the particle with inner investment layer, re-dry, being sized to particle diameter is 3-4mm；
After S3, the particle with inner investment layer obtaining S2 humidify, send in comminutor, add outsourcing membrane material to carry out
Granulation, obtains the particle with outer coating layer；
S4, the particle drying with outer coating layer that S3 is obtained, polishing, after sieving, obtain described wheat multilayer coating
Slow-release fertilizer；
Wherein, described nitrogen manure is weight ratio for 1:3 organic nitrogen manure and the mixture of inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer, institute
State organic nitrogen manure and include 85wt% fertilizer and 15wt% humic acid, and described fertilizer is according to weight by soya-bean cake, acid-sludge
Amount compares 6:1 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed forms, and described inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer is urea, the mixture of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；
Described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine, and its consumption is the 3% of nitrogen manure weight；Described phosphate fertilizer
For the mixture of calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, its consumption is the 80% of nitrogen manure weight；Described potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, its use
Measure 45% for nitrogen manure weight；Described middle trace element fertilizer is manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, the mixture of borax,
Its consumption is the 10% of nitrogen manure weight；Described auxiliary material is diatomite, bentonitic mixture, and its consumption is nitrogen manure weight
The 15% of amount；
The preparation method of described modification tapioca starch includes：Tapioca starch is added in the ethanol water that content is 90wt%,
Stirring is lower to add caustic soda, quaternization 30min at 30 DEG C, adds phosphoric acid, stirs 50min at 50 DEG C, adds ethanol, at 90 DEG C
Stirring 70min, obtains described modification tapioca starch, wherein tapioca starch, caustic soda, phosphoric acid, the weight proportion of ethanol are 1:0.1:0.05:
0.6；The consumption of described modification tapioca starch is the 10% of nitrogen manure weight；
The preparation method of described outsourcing membrane material includes：Polyvinyl alcohol is added water after stirring, be warming up to 95 DEG C, insulation
Reaction lh, is cooled to 80 DEG C, adds hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to 3, adds the formalin that content is 40wt%, and insulated and stirred is reacted
After 1h, add sodium metasilicate and urea, insulated and stirred 1h, evaporating water, add semi-hydrated gypsum to mix, granulation, water logging 24h, then plus
Enter bentonite to mix, obtain described outsourcing membrane material, wherein, polyvinyl alcohol, formalin, sodium metasilicate, urea, half water stone
Cream, bentonitic weight proportion are 1:0.5:0.1:0.6:0.5:0.8；The consumption of described outsourcing membrane material is nitrogen manure weight
15%.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, a kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, comprise the steps：
S1, by organic nitrogen manure, inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer, auxiliary material
Mix with modified tapioca starch, send in comminutor after pulverizing and granulated, obtain inner core particles；
S2, the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out obtaining slip after slaking reaction, described slip are sprayed in comminutor,
Add the inner core particles that S1 obtains to be granulated, obtain the particle with inner investment layer, re-dry, being sized to particle diameter is 3-4mm；
After S3, the particle with inner investment layer obtaining S2 humidify, send in comminutor, add outsourcing membrane material to carry out
Granulation, obtains the particle with outer coating layer；
S4, the particle drying with outer coating layer that S3 is obtained, polishing, after sieving, obtain described wheat multilayer coating
Slow-release fertilizer；
Wherein, described organic nitrogen manure includes that machine is fertile and humic acid, and described fertilizer be by soya-bean cake, acid-sludge according to
Weight compares 5:1 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed forms, and described inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer is urea, MAP；Described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is tetrachloro pyrrole
Pyridine formic acid；Described phosphate fertilizer is MAP, the mixture of ammonium nitrate phosphorus；Described potash fertilizer is potassium chloride；Described middle trace element
Fertile is weight proportion 0.5:1:1:1 ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax and zinc sulfate composition；Described auxiliary material is zeolite powder；
The preparation method of described modification tapioca starch includes：Tapioca starch is added in the ethanol water that content is 85wt%,
Stirring is lower to add caustic soda, quaternization 25min at 35 DEG C, adds nitric acid, stirs 40min at 85 DEG C, adds oxirane,
Stir 65min at 105 DEG C, obtain described modification tapioca starch, wherein tapioca starch, caustic soda, nitric acid, the weight proportion of oxirane is
1:0.2:0.04:0.7；
The preparation method of described outsourcing membrane material includes：Polyvinyl alcohol is added water after stirring, be warming up to 92 DEG C, insulation
L.2h reaction, is cooled to 75 DEG C, adds hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to 3, adds the formalin that content is 35wt%, and insulated and stirred is anti-
After answering 2h, add sodium metasilicate and urea, insulated and stirred 0.7h, evaporating water, add semi-hydrated gypsum to mix, granulation, water logging 30h,
Add bentonite to mix, obtain described outsourcing membrane material, wherein, polyvinyl alcohol, formalin, sodium metasilicate, urea, Ban Shui
Gypsum, bentonitic weight proportion are 1:0.4:0.2:0.5:0.7:0.6；
The raw material percentage composition by weight of described wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer includes：Fertilizer 6%, humic acid 1%, urine
Element 15%, MAP 28%, potassium chloride 17%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 6%, phosphatase 11 %, liquefied ammonia 4%, the concentrated sulfuric acid 1%, modified tapioca starch
8%th, middle trace element fertilizer 3%, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent 0.5%, auxiliary material 4%, outsourcing membrane material 5.5%.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, a kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, comprise the steps：
S1, nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer, auxiliary material and modified tapioca starch are mixed,
Send in comminutor after pulverizing and granulated, obtain inner core particles；
S2, the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out obtaining slip after slaking reaction, described slip are sprayed in comminutor,
Add the inner core particles that S1 obtains to be granulated, obtain the particle with inner investment layer, re-dry, being sized to particle diameter is 3-4mm；
After S3, the particle with inner investment layer obtaining S2 humidify, send in comminutor, add outsourcing membrane material to carry out
Granulation, obtains the particle with outer coating layer；
S4, the particle drying with outer coating layer that S3 is obtained, polishing, after sieving, obtain described wheat multilayer coating
Slow-release fertilizer；
Wherein, described nitrogen manure is organic nitrogen manure and the mixture of inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer, described organic nitrogenous fertilizer
Material includes fertilizer and humic acid, and described fertilizer is to compare 4.5 by soya-bean cake, acid-sludge according to weight:1 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed forms, institute
Stating inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer is urea；
Described nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is 4 chloro pyridine formic acid, the mixture of penta chloropyridine；Described phosphate fertilizer is MAP, ammonium nitrate
The mixture of phosphorus；Described potash fertilizer is potassium chloride；Described middle trace element fertilizer is weight proportion 0.5:1:1:1 ferrous sulfate, sulphur
Sour manganese, borax and zinc sulfate composition；Described auxiliary material is bentonite, atlapulgite, the mixture of attapulgite；
The preparation method of described modification tapioca starch includes：Tapioca starch is added in the ethanol water that content is 86wt%,
Stirring is lower to add caustic soda, quaternization 23min at 36 DEG C, adds acetic acid, stirs 35min at 100 DEG C, adds expoxy propane,
Stir 66min at 105 DEG C, obtain described modification tapioca starch, wherein tapioca starch, caustic soda, acetic acid, the weight proportion of expoxy propane is
1:0.2:0.03:0.7；
The preparation method of described outsourcing membrane material includes：Polyvinyl alcohol is added water after stirring, be warming up to 93 DEG C, insulation
L.3h reaction, is cooled to 78 DEG C, adds hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to 4, adds the formalin that content is 36wt%, and insulated and stirred is anti-
After answering 1.5h, add sodium metasilicate and urea, insulated and stirred 0.8h, evaporating water, add semi-hydrated gypsum to mix, granulation, water logging
26h, add bentonite mix, obtain described outsourcing membrane material, wherein, polyvinyl alcohol, formalin, sodium metasilicate, urea,
Semi-hydrated gypsum, bentonitic weight proportion are 1:0.3:0.2:0.5:0.8:0.7；
The raw material percentage composition by weight of described wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer includes：Fertilizer 7%, humic acid 2%, urine
Element 17%, MAP 29%, potassium chloride 18%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 6%, phosphatase 11 %, liquefied ammonia 2%, the concentrated sulfuric acid 1%, modified tapioca starch
3%th, middle trace element fertilizer 4%, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent 0.2%, auxiliary material 4.8%, outsourcing membrane material 5%.
The wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer of the preparation of preparation method described in embodiment 1-4 is made in wheat cultivation or before transplanting
Apply 35-40 kg/acre for every mu for base manure, plough earthing.
The impact to wheat yield aspect for the prepared wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer in embodiment 1-4 sees below list 1：
Table 1 different fertilizer processes the impact to wheat yield
As can be seen from Table 1, for Zheng Yu wheat 9987 and No. 8 two kinds of abundant wheat for examination wheat, use common fertilizer (18- respectively
12-15) carry out fertilizer treatment with the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer of development in embodiment 1-4.Little for examination for Zheng Yu wheat 9987
Wheat, with respect to common fertilizer (18-12-15), applies the averagely every mu volume increase of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer up to 14.7%, for
For examination wheat, averagely every mu volume increase reaches 14.2% to abundant wheat No. 8, applies wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer and has obvious volume increase effect
Really.
A kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer proposed by the present invention, prepared wheat multilayer coated slow-release
Fertile structure is made up of kernel, theca interna and theca externa, kernel by nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, in micro
Element fertilizer, auxiliary material, modified tapioca starch granulation are formed, and theca interna is by liquefied ammonia, the concentrated sulfuric acid, the ammonium phosphate of phosphatase reaction generation, sulfuric acid
Ammonium is formed, and theca externa is formed by peplos is material coated.
In the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer of heretofore described preparation method preparation, using organic nitrogen manure and inorganic
Nitrogen fertilizer compounds as sources of nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer etc. are containing scientific matching
Big-and-middle trace element fertilizer and polymorphic nitrogenous fertilizer, make the coordinative role of Fertilizer nutrient element greatly reinforce, improve the utilization of fertilizer
The utilization rate of efficiency, particularly nitrogenous fertilizer, can be various nutrients necessary to wheat growth, and then improves the quality of wheat
With yield；Organic nitrogen manure includes fertilizer and the humic acid being formed by soya-bean cake, vinegar residue fermentation, except with nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium etc.
The inorganic fertilizer of nutrient forms compounding, effectively improves the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, promote crop circulation and long-term using in addition moreover it is possible to
Improve the content of the soil organism, and after this organic matter is decomposed by edaphon, generate substantial amounts of humic acid substance, its energy
It is complexed with occurring in soil or chelatropic reaction is so as to generate humic acid potassium or the humic acid trace element salt with colloidal property
Class, is conducive to the absorption of crop root, and reduces the loss that it occurs with water, improves its utilization rate, thus improve soil supporting
Divide situation, grain structure, meet plant growth demand.In conjunction with the growth characteristics of wheat and fertile rule can be needed in the present invention simultaneously
Rule, preparation forms multi-level coated granule structure, by slowly enduringly discharging nutrient, makes nutrient in fertilizer
The extension of validity of release, thus meet the demand for nutrient for the wheat growth middle and later periods, it is to avoid early ageing and de- fertilizer；In concrete shape
When becoming multi-level capsule structure, by extracting tapioca starch from natural biological, and after tapioca starch is alkalized, through esterification, etherificate
Reaction, forms a kind of caking property by force, and the natural polymer of good film-forming property, for granulating together with nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer
When, macromolecular hinge connection chain can be formed, dramatically increase the compression strength of fertiliser granulates；Simultaneously in the structure forming outer coating layer
Formula, by adding outsourcing membrane material, it utilizes Pioloform, polyvinyl acetal product, adds that Ludox is acted on urea, forms a kind of tool
Have the body structure macromolecular of bonds well performance, itself has good filming performance, then by by this organic macromolecule and
Semi-hydrated gypsum, bentonitic inorganic filler are reacted, and make the fine and close organic-inorganic composite body coated fertilizer in top layer, except
Additionally it is possible to improve water-resistance beyond the coating effect of outsourcing membrane material can be strengthened, more can be formed new and between the granular fertilizer such as urea
Chemical bond, adhesion is strong, is favorably improved the sustained release performance of coated granule；By above-mentioned outsourcing membrane material in fertilizer in the present invention
The outer layer of grain forms membrane structure, can substantially slow down the disintegration of particle, pins nutrient and slowly discharges.
The above, the only present invention preferably specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, technology according to the present invention scheme and its
Inventive concept equivalent or change in addition, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer is it is characterised in that include：By nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent,
After phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer, auxiliary materials and mixing, add modified tapioca starch as binding agent, pulverize, granulation, obtain kernel
Particle；Again the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out slaking reaction and obtain slip, described slip is wrapped in as inner investment material
Described inner core particles outer layer forms the particle with inner investment layer, and to have the particle of inner investment layer described in controlling be predetermined grain
Footpath；After the described particle with inner investment layer is humidified, add outsourcing membrane material, outsourcing membrane material is uniformly wrapped in having
The particle outer layer of coating layer, obtains the particle with outer coating layer, last drying, polishing, sieves, obtain described wheat multilayer
Film-coated and slow release fertilizer；In wherein said wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer：Total N content >=19wt%, P2O5Content >=11wt%, K2O contains
Amount >=13wt%, S content >=2wt%, Zn content >=0.2wt%, B content >=0.1wt%, Fe content >=0.09wt%, Mn contains
Amount >=0.25wt%.
2. the preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that its concrete steps bag
Include：
S1, nitrogen manure, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer, auxiliary material and modified tapioca starch are mixed, pulverize
Send in comminutor afterwards and granulated, obtain inner core particles；
S2, the concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and liquefied ammonia are carried out obtaining slip after slaking reaction, described slip is sprayed in comminutor, add
The inner core particles that S1 obtains are granulated, and obtain the particle with inner investment layer, are dried, and being sized to particle diameter is 3-4mm；
After S3, the particle with inner investment layer obtaining S2 humidify, send in comminutor, add outsourcing membrane material to be made
Grain, obtains the particle with outer coating layer；
S4, the particle drying with outer coating layer that S3 is obtained, polishing, after sieving, obtain described wheat multilayer coated slow-release
Fertile.
3. the preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 is it is characterised in that described nitrogen
Fertilizer is organic nitrogen manure and the mixture of inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer, the weight of wherein organic nitrogen manure and inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer
Than for 1:2-3.
4. the preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that described organic nitrogen
Fertilizer includes fertilizer and humic acid, and the content of wherein fertilizer is the 60-85% of organic nitrogen manure weight, the containing of humic acid
Measure the 15-40% for organic nitrogen manure weight；Described fertilizer is to compare 4-6 by soya-bean cake, acid-sludge according to weight:1 becomes thoroughly decomposed fermentation
Form；Described inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer fertilizer is urea, ammonium chloride, MAP, the mixing of any one or more in Diammonium phosphate (DAP)
Thing.
5. the preparation method of the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to any one of claim 1-4 is it is characterised in that described
Nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent is N-serve, normal-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine, 4 chloro pyridine formic acid, in penta chloropyridine
The mixture of any one or more is it is preferable that its consumption is the 1-3% of nitrogen manure weight.
6. the preparation method of the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to any one of claim 1-5 is it is characterised in that described
Phosphate fertilizer is MAP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, the mixture of any one or more in ammonium nitrate phosphorus, excellent
Selection of land, its consumption is the 70-80% of nitrogen manure weight；Described potash fertilizer is for potassium sulfate or potassium chloride it is preferable that its consumption is nitrogen
The 35-45% of fertilizer weight；Described middle trace element fertilizer is magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulfate, boron
One of sand or multiple mixtures are it is preferable that its consumption is the 5-10% of nitrogen manure weight；Described auxiliary material is kaolinite
One of soil, diatomite, bentonite, atlapulgite, attapulgite, zeolite powder or multiple mixtures are it is preferable that it is used
Measure the 10-15% for nitrogen manure weight.
7. the preparation method of the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to any one of claim 1-6 is it is characterised in that described
The preparation method of modified tapioca starch includes：Tapioca starch is added in the ethanol water that content is 80-90wt%, stirring is lower to be added
Caustic soda, quaternization 20-30min at 30-40 DEG C, add stirring 30-50min at esterifying agent, 50-120 DEG C, add etherificate
Agent, stirs 60-70min at 90-120 DEG C, obtains described modification tapioca starch, wherein tapioca starch, caustic soda, esterifying agent, etherifying agent
Weight proportion is 1:0.1-0.3:0.03-0.05:0.6-0.8, and esterifying agent is acetic acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid, etherifying agent is first
Alcohol, ethanol, oxirane or expoxy propane；Preferably, the consumption of described modification tapioca starch is the 5- of nitrogen manure weight
10%.
8. the preparation method of the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to any one of claim 1-7 is it is characterised in that described
The preparation method of outsourcing membrane material includes：Polyvinyl alcohol is added water after stirring, be warming up to 90-95 DEG C, insulation reaction l-
1.5h, is cooled to 70-80 DEG C, adds hydrochloric acid to adjust pH to 3-4, adds the formalin that content is 30-40wt%, and insulation is stirred
After mixing reaction 1-3h, add sodium metasilicate and urea, insulated and stirred 0.5-1h, evaporating water, add semi-hydrated gypsum to mix, granulation,
Water logging 24-36h, adds bentonite and mixes, obtain described outsourcing membrane material, wherein, polyvinyl alcohol, formalin, silicic acid
Sodium, urea, semi-hydrated gypsum, bentonitic weight proportion are 1:0.3-0.5:0.1-0.3:0.4-0.6:0.5-0.9:0.5-0.8；
Preferably, the consumption of described outsourcing membrane material is the 10-15% of nitrogen manure weight.
9. the preparation method of the wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to any one of claim 1-8 is it is characterised in that described
The raw material percentage composition by weight of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer includes：Fertilizer 6-10%, humic acid 1-5%, urea 15-
22%th, MAP 28-35%, potassium chloride 17-24%, ammonium nitrate phosphorus 6-12%, phosphatase 11-3%, liquefied ammonia 2-5%, concentrated sulfuric acid 1-
3%th, modified tapioca starch 3-8%, middle trace element fertilizer 3-5%, nitrogen fertilizer potentiating agent 0.2-0.5%, auxiliary material 4-8%, outsourcing membrane material
Material 5-10%；Wherein said middle trace element fertilizer be by weight proportion be 0.5:1:1:1 ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax and
Zinc sulfate forms.
10. the preparation method of wheat multilayer film-coated and slow release fertilizer according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that described wheat is many
In layer film-coated and slow release fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, the proportioning of amidonitrogen are 1:3-4:3-5 it is preferable that nitrate nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen,
The proportioning of amidonitrogen is 1:3.5:4.
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| CN103772074A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-05-07 | 青岛农业大学 | Long-acting fertilizer specially used for dry-farming sweet potatoes and preparation method for long-acting fertilizer |
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