CN103766815B - 一种提高花色苷含量的紫薯精粉生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高花色苷含量的紫薯精粉生产方法,它是把病薯剔除干净,将紫薯洗净、沥水备用;再经粉碎、磨细、薯糊过滤、淀粉乳脱水分离、薯渣、淀粉乳中花色苷的提取、淀粉乳清洗提纯,将上述花色苷提纯浸膏与清洗提纯后的淀粉乳混合均匀。本发明的积极效果是,以紫薯为主要原料生产紫薯精粉时,先将紫薯中花色苷分离纯化,再将紫薯淀粉提纯,然后混合,紫薯淀粉干精粉花色苷的含量在0.08mg/g‑0.15mg/g,保护了紫薯特有紫色色泽和营养价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高花色苷含量的紫薯精粉生产方法,属于农产品加工技术领域。
背景技术
紫薯(正名为:参薯Dioscorea alata Linn.)又叫黑薯,薯肉呈紫色至深紫色。它除了具有普通红薯的营养成分外,还富含硒元素和花色苷,是一种生理碱性食品。紫薯在日本国家蔬菜癌症研究中心公布的抗癌蔬菜中名列榜首。紫薯精粉生产过程包括紫薯清洗、粉碎、淀粉清洗、花色苷提取,然后将淀粉和花色苷混合而制成的几个工艺阶段,因其色泽艳丽、营养丰富、保健功能明显等特点,深受消费者欢迎。
花色苷属类黄酮化合物,不但表现优异的色泽,而且还具有抗氧化或抗脂质氧化活性、抗发炎活性、抗发厥活性、降低血清胆固醇和血清脂质、抑制癌细胞和抗癌等生理功能,是天然强效自由基清除剂。Yoshimot等用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98评价四种不同颜色薯水提物的抗突变活力,发现紫薯花色苷可有效抑制杂环胺等引起的突变作用。从紫薯中分离的两种花色苷具有很强的抗突变作用。
动物实验表明含大量花色苷的紫薯饮料能显著抑制由四氯化碳引发肝损伤鼠血清中谷氨酸.草醋酸转氨酶(GOT)、谷氨酸一焦葡萄糖酸转氨酶(GTP)的上升,且对血清和肝脏中硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)反应物及氧化脂蛋白的增加有一定的抑制作用,而黄肉红薯饮料则不能。Fredenck等人每星期5天共4星期,给大鼠灌胃2.5mL分别含1%、5%和10%花色苷的5%乙醇水溶液/kg体重;再给大鼠灌胃0.5mL四氯化碳/kg体重,18h以后,测得血清中天冬氨酸和丙氨酸转氨酶量明显低于只灌胃四氯化碳的对照组,说明花色苷能抑制四氯化碳引发的急性肝损伤。
由于紫薯花色苷色素是水溶性色素,在紫薯的精粉加工过程中,造成花色苷的大量流失,既污染了环境,又影响了紫薯精粉的食用价值。
文献检索:
一种紫薯花色苷的分级方法申请号:201210359404.0
摘要:本发明提供了一种紫薯花色苷的分级方法,属于农产品深加工技术领域。包括用食用酒精提取紫薯花色苷,将粗提液上AB-8大孔树脂柱初步纯化,用乙酸乙酯萃取脂溶性杂质,立刻上聚酰胺树脂柱,然后分别用去离子水、30%的乙醇水溶液和70%的乙醇水溶液为洗脱剂洗脱树脂柱,获得3个花色苷组分。经HPLC-MS检验,3组分分别为无酰基紫薯花色苷、单酰基紫薯花色苷和双酰基紫薯花色苷组分。此法成本低,效率高,安全可靠,适合大量生产,工业化前景好。获得的不同酰基化度的花色苷产品可作为花色苷理论研究的好材料,也可作为天然食品色素,根据稳定性要求的不同应用于不同领域。
紫薯粉的制备方法申请号:201110322216.6
摘要:本发明涉及一种食品,尤其涉及一种紫薯粉的制备方法。它通过取料、清洗、去皮、粉碎、干燥等步骤,最终得到成品紫薯粉。采用本方法制作的紫薯粉,具有紫薯自身的自然香味,无异味;呈自然紫色或浅紫色;具有紫薯应有的滋味,无砂齿;无外来物;品尝其味,具有紫薯应有的自然香味。老少皆宜,是居家旅行的优良食品。
发明内容
本发明的目的是一种提高花色苷含量的紫薯精粉生产方法,能有效保护紫薯特有紫色色泽和营养价值。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:
a).原料处理
把病薯剔除干净,将紫薯洗净、沥水备用;
b).粉碎
沥水后的鲜薯打碎;
c).磨细
鲜薯碎块加水磨成薯糊,鲜薯重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5;
d).薯糊过滤
将薯糊过50-70目的筛,使薯渣和淀粉乳分离;
e).淀粉乳脱水分离
将步骤d)中淀粉乳经脱水分离,得水分含量45%以下的淀粉乳和一次花色苷色素液;
f).薯渣、淀粉乳中花色苷的提取
f.1分别将薯渣、淀粉乳加水稀释,物料重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5,调整酸液,使薯渣和水的混合液、淀粉乳和水的混合液pH值为3.0,浸提,将薯渣和水的混合液过50-70目的筛,将淀粉乳和水的混合液分离,使淀粉乳水分含量下降到45%以下,继续分别得到薯渣、淀粉乳和二次花色苷色素液;
f.2花色苷提取液澄清
花色苷色素液过滤结束后,将一次花色苷色素液、二次花色苷色素液澄清;
f.3加单宁
将一次花色苷色素液、二次花色苷色素液澄清后加入100ppm单宁,100-140目下过滤,得到花色苷粗提液。
f.4花色苷提纯浸膏的制取
f.4.1花色苷粗提液浓缩
将花色苷粗提液减压浓缩至花色苷粗浸膏;
f.4.2酒精提纯
将花色苷粗浸膏中加入酒精稀释提纯,稀释倍数为1∶3,然后静置提纯,将上清液分离;
f.4.3膜过滤提纯浓缩
对f.4.2步骤中的上清液采用膜过滤提纯,过滤后的上清液再减压浓缩至花色苷浸膏;
g).淀粉乳清洗提纯
将上述淀粉乳用水清洗,去除蛋白质,调pH为6.0,用离心分离,使淀粉乳水分含量下降到45%以下;
h).淀粉乳与花色苷提纯浸膏混合
将上述花色苷提纯浸膏与清洗提纯后的淀粉乳混合均匀,干燥而成紫薯精粉。
本发明的积极效果是,以紫薯为主要原料生产紫薯精粉时,先将紫薯中花色苷分离纯化,再将紫薯淀粉提纯,然后混合,紫薯淀粉干精粉花色苷的含量在0.08mg/g-0.15mg/g,保护了紫薯特有紫色色泽和营养价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术步骤如下:
a).原料处理
把病薯剔除干净,将紫薯洗净、沥水备用。
b).粉碎
沥水后的鲜薯用破碎机打成2立方厘米以下碎块,以利于磨细。在粉碎过程中喷淋食用级亚硫酸护色液,按有效二氧化硫50ppm均匀添加,防止鲜薯粉碎过程中的花色苷氧化。
c).磨细
鲜薯碎块加酸水护色液磨成薯糊,鲜薯重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5;一般酸水pH值控制在2.5-2.8,薯糊pH值控制在3.0。
d).薯糊过滤
将薯糊倾入孔径为60目的筛子中进行精筛过滤,使薯渣和淀粉乳分离,分别保存。
e).淀粉乳脱水处理
先将淀粉乳经离心分离机脱水处理,以5000r/min离心20min,使淀粉水分含量下降到45%以下,使淀粉乳和一次花色苷色素液分离,淀粉乳和一次花色苷色素液分别进行处理。
f).薯渣、淀粉乳中花色苷的提取
f.1分别将薯渣、淀粉乳加酸水稀释,物料重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5,调整酸液,使薯渣和水的混合液或淀粉乳和水的混合液pH值为3.0,搅拌器转速为60转/分左右,连续浸提6小时。目的是在酸性条件下,促使淀粉、蛋白质、果胶沉淀,降低渣滓含量,另一方面促使花色苷色素从细胞中游离出来。将薯渣、水的混合液倾入孔径为60目的筛子中进行精筛过滤,淀粉乳、水的混合液经离心分离机脱水处理,以5000r/min离心20min,使淀粉水分含量下降到45%以下。薯渣用于饲料,淀粉乳和二次花色苷色素液分离后分别保存。
f.2花色苷色素液澄清
花色苷色素液过滤结束后,将一次花色苷色素液、二次花色苷色素液放入澄清罐中澄清,一般澄清时间控制在24h以内。
f.3加单宁
将澄清后的花色苷色素液用泵抽出,加入单宁。按容积量加入100ppm单宁(纯度99.5%),用泵进行循环,使单宁均匀的混合在花色苷色素液中,目的是促使花色苷与单宁生成单宁花色苷复合物,有利于色泽的显现和保护,进一步提高花色苷的稳定性。24小时后进行120目下过滤,去除淀粉等不溶物杂质,得到花色苷粗提液。
f.4花色苷提纯浸膏的制取
f.4.1花色苷粗提液浓缩
紫薯花色苷粗提液进行70℃减压浓缩,浓缩时间控制在2h之内花色苷较为稳定。紫薯花色苷粗提液经减压浓缩制成花色苷粗浸膏,花色苷粗浸膏折光度控制在45-55%。
f.4.2酒精提纯
将上述花色苷粗浸膏中加入酒精稀释提纯,稀释倍数为1∶3,酒精含量控制在70%,用泵进行循环均匀,然后静置提纯3天,将上清液用泵分离先进行120目的过滤网过滤,然后进行膜过滤提纯。
f.4.3膜过滤提纯浓缩
采用0.45μm孔径的膜进行提纯过滤,过滤清液在70℃减压浓缩,制成花色苷提纯浸膏,花色苷提纯浸膏折光度控制在45-55%。花色苷提纯浸膏上面用高浓度酒精密封保存,以防细菌感染,同时要存放在5℃以下避光处。
g).淀粉乳清洗提纯
将上述淀粉乳用水稀释,淀粉乳重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5,用碱溶液调pH为11.0-12.0,静置4h,去除碱溶蛋白和果胶物质。再将淀粉乳用水清洗,再用酸调pH至4.5静置4h,去除酸溶蛋白质。再次用水清洗调pH值为6,以5000r/min离心20min,使淀粉乳水分含量下降到45%以下。
h).淀粉乳与花色苷提纯浸膏混合
将花色苷提纯浸膏与清洗提纯后的淀粉乳混合均匀,可直接作为系列产品的湿淀粉使用。
i).紫薯精粉的风干
将淀粉乳与花色苷提纯浸膏混合物用风干机风干,在55℃下干燥12h后成紫薯干淀粉,然后过100目筛,使花色苷色素与淀粉混合均匀,收集高含量花色苷的紫薯精粉密封保存。
紫薯淀粉干精粉水分含量15%以下,花色苷的含量在0.08mg/g-0.15mg/g。
Claims (1)
1.一种提高花色苷含量的紫薯精粉生产方法,其特征在于,技术步骤如下:
a).原料处理
把病薯剔除干净,将紫薯洗净、沥水备用;
b).粉碎
沥水后的鲜薯用破碎机打成2立方厘米以下碎块,在粉碎过程中喷淋食用级亚硫酸护色液,按有效二氧化硫50ppm均匀添加;
c).磨细
鲜薯碎块加酸水护色液磨成薯糊,鲜薯重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5,薯糊pH值控制在3.0;
d).薯糊过滤
将薯糊过50-70目的筛,使薯渣和淀粉乳分离;
e).淀粉乳脱水分离
将步骤d)中淀粉乳经脱水分离,得水分含量45%以下的淀粉乳和一次花色苷色素液;
f).薯渣、淀粉乳中花色苷的提取
f.1分别将薯渣、淀粉乳加水稀释,物料重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5,调整酸液,使薯渣和水的混合液、淀粉乳和水的混合液pH值为3.0,浸提,将薯渣和水的混合液过50-70目的筛,将淀粉乳和水的混合液分离,使淀粉乳水分含量下降到45%以下,继续分别得到薯渣、淀粉乳和二次花色苷色素液;
f.2花色苷提取液澄清
花色苷色素液过滤结束后,将一次花色苷色素液、二次花色苷色素液澄清;
f.3加单宁
将一次花色苷色素液、二次花色苷色素液澄清后加入100ppm单宁,100-140目下过滤,得到花色苷粗提液;
f.4花色苷提纯浸膏的制取
f.4.1花色苷粗提液浓缩
将花色苷粗提液减压浓缩至花色苷粗浸膏;
f.4.2酒精提纯
将花色苷粗浸膏中加入酒精稀释提纯,稀释倍数为1∶3,然后静置提纯,将上清液分离;
f.4.3膜过滤提纯浓缩
对f.4.2步骤中的上清液采用膜过滤提纯,过滤后的上清液再减压浓缩至花色苷浸膏;
g).淀粉乳清洗提纯
将上述淀粉乳用水稀释,淀粉乳重量与加水量的比例为1∶3.0-3.5,用碱溶液调pH为11.0-12.0,静置4h,去除碱溶蛋白和果胶物质;再将淀粉乳用水清洗,用酸调pH至4.5静置4h,去除酸溶蛋白质;再次用水清洗,调pH值为6.0,以5000r/min离心20min,使淀粉乳水分含量下降到45%以下;
h).淀粉乳与花色苷提纯浸膏混合
将上述花色苷提纯浸膏与清洗提纯后的淀粉乳混合均匀,经干燥而成紫薯精粉。
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