CN1037504C - 用于制备含有一氧化碳的混合气的管式加热器 - Google Patents

用于制备含有一氧化碳的混合气的管式加热器 Download PDF

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CN1037504C
CN1037504C CN94107964A CN94107964A CN1037504C CN 1037504 C CN1037504 C CN 1037504C CN 94107964 A CN94107964 A CN 94107964A CN 94107964 A CN94107964 A CN 94107964A CN 1037504 C CN1037504 C CN 1037504C
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弗雷德里希·霍曼
维尔纳·罗尔
汉斯·冈特·莫尔罗特尔
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Abstract

一种管式加热器包含多个管，该管设置在燃烧室中并装有催化剂。主要包含氢气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳的合成气体在所述管中制备。在所述管的输出端的外表面上由于金属粉状腐蚀有形成碳化物的风险。为防止这种腐蚀，一种基本上没有一氧化碳的气态或气化的保护流体被供应到管的输出端的周围区域。

Description

用于制备含有一氧化碳的混合气的管式加热器
本发明涉及一种管式加热器，该加热器用于烃类的催化裂解以便制备一种未处理的合成气体，该合成气体主要包含氢气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳，该加热器包含多个管，该管设置在燃烧室中并装有催化剂。
这种管式加热器是已知的并被用于例如天然气的催化裂解以制备合成气体，该合成气体被用来例如甲醇的合成。在管中通常保持1至20巴的范围的压力，在管的输出端处未处理的合成气体的温度在700～1000℃之间。已经发现，管的输出端受到腐蚀作用，这导致碳化物(金属粉尘)的形成从而引起金属材料的损坏。
本发明的目的是有效地保护管的输出端，该输出端以及其邻接区域对金属粉状腐蚀是敏感的。在上文第一段所描述的这种管式加热器中，根据本发明，这个问题是这样解决的，即设置这样一装置，其用于供应基本上不合一氧化碳的气态或汽化的保护流体到达至少一些管的输出端的外表面上，所述输出端位于燃烧室的外边，并且未处理的合成气体从其中流过。所述保护流体防止含有一氧化碳的合成气体的腐蚀作用，特别是在围绕管的输出端的敏感区域。根据一氧化碳的含量发生金属粉状腐蚀的温度区域是大约500～850℃之间。
至少在一些管的输出端的外边设置有用于容纳保护流的腔室，该腔室通常邻接一耐火衬，该耐火衬环绕着管的输出端。
也就是说，本发明提出一种管式加热器，其由于烃类的催化裂解以便制备一种未处理的合成气体，该合成气体主要包含氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳，所述加热器包含多个管，该管设置在燃烧室中并装有催化剂，其特征在于，所述加热器还设置有用于供应气态或汽化的保护流体的装置，该保护流体中基本没有一氧化碳并到达至少一些管的输出端的外表面，所述输出端位于燃烧室的外边，未处理的合成气体从该输出端流过。
在至少一些管的输出端的外边设置有一腔室，该腔室用于容纳保护流体。
至少在一些管的输出端设置有耐火衬。
保护流体通过一管线供应，该管线沿着连接管延伸一定的距离，在该管中合成气体被引导，保护流体与所述管的外表面相接触。
下面参照附图对根据本发明的管式加热器的设计进行详细说明。这些附图是：
图1是表示管式加热器的水平剖面示意图。
图2是表示管的输出端的大比例的纵剖面图。
一耐火的外壳1包含一燃烧室2，在燃烧室2中，多个竖直管3从外边被加热。加热是由多个燃烧器4完成的，该燃烧器4被供给例如天然气等燃料。一种包含烃类和蒸汽的混合气通过供给线5供应到管3中，并在管3中的催化剂的作用下在管3中反应，该催化剂包含例如镍催化剂。一种未处理的合成制品就这样制备而成，该合成制品之要包含氢气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳。在700～1000℃最好至少在800℃时，合成气体在管中向下流去并由输出端3a流出进到收集管线6中。
已经发现，输出端3a的外表面和其周围对金属粉状腐蚀是特别敏感的，这将由于碳化物的形成而引起金属的损坏。该碳化物是由于一氧化碳的分解反应而形成的，
该反应在500～850℃的范围内是特别剧烈的。在这范围的温度通常出现在输出端3a的外表面和其周围。
收集管线6的内表面具有耐火的衬6a，耐火衬6a也围绕着管3的输出端3a。因为耐火衬具有一定的孔隙率，合成气体必须被料想到的扩散通过耐火衬，在相对低的温度合成气体到达输出端3a的上表面，那么上边提到的腐蚀就会发生。
为了保护输出端3a和其最靠近的周围抵抗腐蚀作用导致碳化物的形成，每一输出端均设置有一供应管线7，来自主管线8的气态或汽化的保护流体通过该供应管线7。保护流体可以包含例如氢气、水蒸汽。氮气或二氧化碳气。
从图2可以明显地看出保护流体是怎样被引导通过供应管线7进入到腔室9，该腔室9设置在收集管线6的喇叭口状的放大部10内，放大部10在其顶端10a与管3焊在一起。保护流体防止输出端3a的外表面和放大部10的内表面上的金属粉状腐蚀。
收集管线6的耐火衬6a环绕着管3的输出端3a。耐火衬例如可由夯实的混合物构成并且是稍微多孔的，因而保护流体能够由腔室9中扩散出并穿过衬，最后在收集管线6中与合成气体一起被排出。
从图1和图2很明显地看出，来自主管线8的管线7引导保护流体向下延伸一定的距离并与连接管3的外表面相接触，因此，管3里边的热气被用来以间接的热交换形式加热管线7中的保护流体，当保护流体进入到腔室9时，其温度升高了。保护流体的这种加热防止了邻接于输出端3a的热应力。

Claims (1)

1、用于制备含有一氧化碳的混合气的管式加热器，其通过烃类的催化裂解而制备未处理的合成气体，该合成气体主要包含氢气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳，所述加热器包含耐火壳体和管，耐火壳体中容装燃烧室和位于所述燃烧室中的加热元件，该管设置在燃烧室中并装有催化剂，该催化剂由所述加热元件间接加热，所述管具有用于将烃类和蒸气供应至所述管的供应装置，和所述催化剂下游的输出端，所述输出端设置在所述燃烧室的外侧，未处理的合成气体从该输出端流过，该输出端与用于收集所述未处理的合成气体的收集管线连接，所述收集管线的内表面和所述输出端的外表面设置有多孔渗水的耐火衬，收集管线的喇叭口状的放大部焊接于所述输出端的外侧，每个所述收集管线的喇叭口状的放大部均具有腔室和供应管线，该供应管线将气态或汽化的保护流体供应至所述腔室、到达所述放大部的输出端的外表面及耐火衬，所述保护流体基本上没有一氧化碳。
CN94107964A 1993-08-13 1994-07-27 用于制备含有一氧化碳的混合气的管式加热器 Expired - Lifetime CN1037504C (zh)

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EP0638514A1 (de) 1995-02-15
ATE151056T1 (de) 1997-04-15
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DE59402287D1 (de) 1997-05-07
CA2129303C (en) 2003-12-09
EP0638514B1 (de) 1997-04-02
AU7022294A (en) 1995-02-23
DE4327176C1 (de) 1995-01-26
DK0638514T3 (da) 1997-04-21
RU2102310C1 (ru) 1998-01-20
ZA946084B (en) 1996-02-12
NZ260957A (en) 1995-09-26
SA94140510B1 (ar) 2005-05-04
CN1098699A (zh) 1995-02-15
US5490974A (en) 1996-02-13
CA2129303A1 (en) 1995-02-14
AU673273B2 (en) 1996-10-31

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