CN103710495A - Ultrasonic peening and electric spark compound processing device and method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic peening and electric spark compound processing device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic peening and electric spark compound processing device and method. The ultrasonic peening and electric spark compound processing device comprises a static pressure applying device, an ultrasonic wave generator, an ultrasonic peening gun housing, an ultrasonic peening gun, an electric spark power supply and a peening part; when ultrasonic peening surface treatment is performed, an appropriate power supply is connected between a peening ball and a workpiece and used for performing electric spark processing on the surface of a workpiece. During compound processing, a peening process and an electric spark discharge process are alternately performed at a high speed. In an implementation process, the surface of the workpiece generates plastic deformation in the ultrasonic peening process, and the workpiece and a part to be peened locally generate instant high temperature in the electric spark process, and thus a short-time melting state is reached, so that the surface of a base body reacts with a working gas (liquid) or an element in the part to be peened, and the above operates are carried out round by round, thus a compact surface membrane layer which is tightly metallurgically bound with the base body can be obtained. Meanwhile, residual pressure stress in a gradient change along the depth direction and a grain refinement effect are obtained. Equipment required by the device is simple in structure and low in electricity consumption and hardly causes pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing technology field, more particularly, relate to ultrasonic impact and process and electrical spark processing complex machining device and method.
Background technology
Ultrasonic impact is processed the fatigue property that is applied at first improve welding joint.Because it can introduce residual compressive stress at workpiece surface and subsurface, improve welding joint toe of weld position stress concentration, make the to be hit grain refining in gradient of surface and subsurface and even making Nano surface, Chinese scholars has given a large amount of concerns to it.Ultrasonic impact is processed to the surface working be applied to material, can be introduced residual compressive stress and making Nano surface equally, thereby improve the intensity, hardness of material surface, the performance such as wear-resisting and anti-corrosion.Electric discharge surface modification technology is the spark discharge utilizing between workpiece and electrode, forms the processing layer of performance that one deck requires at workpiece surface, realize to workpiece surface strengthen, the technology of modification.Spark discharge surface strengthening technology based on electromachining mode is the important component part of surface strengthening technology, have that equipment is simple, processing ease, low cost and other advantages, can be widely used in the surface strengthening of mould, cutter and mechanical component and the reparation of abrading section, there is very large application space.Relevant patent has ultrasonic vibration jetting type electric spark composite processing technique and specific equipment (CN101264535A), ultrasound auxiliary electric spark deposition reparation and ultrasonic polishing integrated apparatus and method (CN101284341A) and process for intensifying ultrasonic vibration assisted electric spark pulse discharging surface (CN101967536A) etc.Common ultrasound auxiliary electric spark working method is assisting ultrasonic vibration on tool-electrode or workpiece at present, make the discharging gap of the two do ultrasonic variation, thereby the surface strengthening layer thickness profile that electric discharge surface alloying is generated is even, and performance is further improved.Due to experience thermal cycling, inevitably can there is residual tension in the resulting strengthening surface of above method.Residual tension can cause surface crack and reduce its fatigue property.The research of prior art often concentrates on respectively two kinds of processing modes operation method and processing effect separately, rarely has the report being combined with about both.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide ultrasonic impact to process and electrical spark complex machining device and method, with ultrasonic impact process and spark discharge surface strengthening to coupling, so that workpiece surface compound rete and matrix metal are realized metallurgical binding closely, in whole processed region, have along depth direction residual compressive stress and grain refining effect in gradient, while method is easy and simple to handle, strong adaptability, reproducible simultaneously.
Technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
Ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device, comprise static pressure bringing device, ultrasonic generator, electrical spark power supply, ultrasonic impact gun, impact part, wherein:
Described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun;
Described ultrasonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave power for ultrasonic impact gun;
Front end at described ultrasonic impact gun arranges impact part, and described electrical spark power supply is connected with workpiece with impact part respectively, so that form spark discharge between impact part and workpiece;
In above-mentioned complex machining device, selection is by the whole ultrasonic impact gun shell that is fixedly placed in of ultrasonic impact gun, front end at described ultrasonic impact gun shell is fixedly installed ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, described impact part is arranged in ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, and and ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule between leave gap; Working medium entrance is set on the side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, to select ultrasonic impact gun is whole while being fixedly placed in ultrasonic impact gun shell, described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun shell, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, described impact part is the impact ball that size is suitable, or striker pin.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, described working medium is pressurized air, or working fluid, the working fluid that for example cutting of prior art center line is used.
The method of utilizing above-mentioned ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device to process, according to following step, carry out: step 1, workpiece is installed on to work top, connects a utmost point of electrical spark power supply, the impact part that is positioned at ultrasonic impact gun front end connects another utmost point of electrical spark power supply; Step 2, the input switch of unlatching working medium, so that impact part and workpiece are in required working medium environment; Step 3, opens static pressure bringing device ultrasonic impact gun is moved, until impact part contacts with workpiece, and keeps static pressure constant; Step 4, opens ultrasonic generator, so that impact part vibrates between workpiece and ultrasonic impact gun front end; Step 5, until the impact velocity of impact part evenly after, open electrical spark power supply, so that produce electrical spark between impact part and workpiece; Step 6, produces relative movement between impact part and workpiece, so that impact part carries out the Compound Machining of ultrasonic impact and electrical spark to workpiece surface.
The present invention utilizes ultrasonic impact technology and the compound method that makes workpiece surface fast ceramic or alloying of spark technology.Utilize the ultrasonic frequency electrical signal of ultrasonic generator output to be converted to ultrasonic mechanical vibration, output terminal (horn end) output vibration amplitude after amplifying, and reach impact part, impact part is vibration at high speed between output terminal and workpiece, and energy is passed in workpiece.By ultrasonic impact and spark technology compound after, Combined Processing process as follows as shown in Figure 2: during ultrasonic impact pellet impact workpiece, impact ball and contact with workpiece, formation short circuit, workpiece generation viscous deformation; When impacting ball and upspringing from workpiece, open circuit because now between two electrodes spacing minimum, working medium (work gas or the working fluid introduced by the working medium entrance arranging in ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule side) moment is breakdown, electrical spark forms.In electrical spark time-continuing process, working medium is ionized, and a large amount of positive ions and electronics bombard respectively circuit two-stage (being workpiece and impact part), give two huge amount energy, between the medium three after impelling it and ionizing, element transmission occurs and react; Impact part contacts with workpiece again afterwards, reactant to workpiece and Surface Creation thereof impacts again ... so process is carried out repeatedly, at workpiece surface compound rete and matrix metal, realize fine and close metallurgical binding, in whole processed region, have along depth direction grain refining effect and residual compressive stress in gradient simultaneously.
In the above-mentioned course of processing, to select ultrasonic impact gun and impact part to be fixed, workpiece moves; Or workpiece is fixed, and ultrasonic impact gun and impact part move.As shown in Figure 3, a is single direction cooked mode, and in the course of processing, impact part carries out relative movement according to same direction all the time on workpiece, fixes as shown in drawings for workpiece, and impact part moves from left to right at workpiece surface, b is cooked mode back and forth, the i.e. opposite direction of adjacent two movement locus of impact part on workpiece in the course of processing, as shown in drawings for workpiece is fixed, impact part moves around at workpiece surface, article one, for from left to right, second is right-to-left, by that analogy, v represents the movement velocity (being Compound Machining speed) of impact part in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, d be in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern impact part at the interval of workpiece surface movement locus (being the distance of adjacent two Compound Machining bands), arrow represents the direction of motion (being Compound Machining direction) of impact part.
In the above-mentioned course of processing, selecting the output amplitude setting range of ultrasonic impact gun is 1～40 μ m, preferably 5-20 μ m; The translational speed setting range of ultrasonic impact gun or workpiece is 40～200mm/min, preferably 100-150mm/min; Impact part is 0.1～0.8mm, preferably 0.3-0.6mm at the interval of workpiece surface movement locus setting range; Ultrasonic impact gun is 0～400N to the static pressure setting range of workpiece; Preferred 100-200N; The setting range of electrical spark power supply out-put supply is 5～30A, preferably 10-20A.
Technical scheme of the present invention is based on ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method, and Selecting All Parameters is appropriate, can realize 100% metal surface ceramic or alloying, and on surface and subsurface produce residual compressive stress and grain refining phenomenon.Ceramic layer on surface and alloy layer thickness are determined according to concrete material and processing parameter.Ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method equipment are simple, on existing lathe, milling machine and machining center basis, transform, and it is reasonable in design, low cost of manufacture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark complex machining device structural representation, and wherein 1 is static pressure bringing device; 2 is ultrasonic generator; 3 is electrical spark power supply; 4 is ultrasonic impact gun shell; 5 is ultrasonic impact gun; 6 is working fluid (gas) entrance; 7 is impact part; 8 is workpiece; 9 is ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule; 10 is ultrasonic impact gun front end termination.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark compound processing course, and wherein 1 is impact part, and 2 is electrical spark, and 3 is workpiece.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, wherein a is single direction cooked mode, b is cooked mode back and forth, v represents the movement velocity (being Compound Machining speed) of impact part in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, d is that in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, impact part is at the interval of workpiece surface movement locus (being the distance of adjacent two Compound Machining bands), and arrow represents the direction of motion (being Compound Machining direction) of impact part.
Fig. 4 is the ultrasonic impact work strengthening sample surface morphology figure (SEM figure) without electrical spark.
Fig. 5 is for utilizing ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining strengthening sample surface morphology figure (SEM figure).
Fig. 6 is for utilizing ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining strengthening sample in cross section shape appearance figure (SEM figure).
Fig. 7 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining surface strengthen layer, ultrasonic impact strengthening layer and untreated mother metal, and wherein circle is Ti; Pentagram is TiN.
Fig. 8 be ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining surface strengthen layer, ultrasonic impact strengthening layer and untreated mother metal surface along the unrelieved stress curve of the degree of depth, wherein square represents ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining; Circle represents ultrasonic impact processing; Trilateral represents untreated mother metal.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.The surperficial ultrasonic impact of the TC4 of take and electrical spark complex intensifying are research object, utilize hocketing of ultrasonic impact and spark discharge process, and effects on surface is strengthened.TC4 alloying element content is as shown in the table:
| Composition | Al | V | Fe | O | N | Ti |
| Content (quality %) | 6.30 | 4.18 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.013 | Other |
As shown in Figure 1, ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark complex machining device, 1 is static pressure bringing device; 2 is ultrasonic generator; 3 is electrical spark power supply; 4 is ultrasonic impact gun shell; 5 is ultrasonic impact gun; 6 is working fluid (gas) entrance; 7 is impact part; 8 is workpiece; 9 is ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule; 10 is ultrasonic impact gun front end termination.
Described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun; Described ultrasonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave power for ultrasonic impact gun; Front end at described ultrasonic impact gun arranges impact part, and described electrical spark power supply is connected with workpiece with impact part respectively, so that form spark discharge between impact part and workpiece; Selection is by the whole ultrasonic impact gun shell that is fixedly placed in of ultrasonic impact gun, front end at described ultrasonic impact gun shell is fixedly installed ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, described impact part is arranged in ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, and and ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule between leave gap; Working medium entrance is set on the side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule; Described impact part is the impact ball that size is suitable, or striker pin; Described working medium is pressurized air, or working fluid, and the working fluid that for example cutting of prior art center line is used, after working medium passes in ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, can be flowed out by the gap between impact part and ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, to select ultrasonic impact gun is whole while being fixedly placed in ultrasonic impact gun shell, described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun shell, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun.
When carrying out Compound Machining, select workpiece to be fixed, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part are moved, for example whole ultrasonic impact equipment is arranged on lathe, milling machine, for whole ultrasonic impact equipment provides movement locus and static pressure.When carrying out Compound Machining, ultrasonic impact machine (the model: UIT-125) that the ultrasonic impact equipment of choice for use (being ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic impact gun shell, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part, ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, ultrasonic impact gun front end termination) is produced for the permanent development in science and technology of Tianjin Tian Dong company limited, structure about whole ultrasonic impact equipment, with reference to Patents 021000344,021000336,200610014768X, the striker pin of use is with reference to 2013100458871.
TC4 plate surface makes ceramic film through ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method to carry out according to following steps: workpiece is TC4 titanium alloy, is of a size of 200mm * 40mm * 3mm.Impact ball and adopt Cr15 steel ball, diameter is 15mm.Experiment lathe is the standard north one X5040 milling machine that promise letter in Tengzhou of Shandong Province is produced, and ultrasonic impact gun is installed on main shaft, by milling machine, provides motion for complex machining device, and workpiece is fixed.Electrical spark power acquisition direct supply, workpiece connects positive source, impacts ball and connects power cathode.Strengthening parameter is ultrasonic impact gun output amplitude 15 μ m, ultrasonic impact gun translational speed 185mm/min, in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, impact part is at the interval of workpiece surface movement locus (being the distance of adjacent two Compound Machining bands) 0.6mm, static pressure 100N, electrical spark electric current 15A, work gas is pressurized air.
TC4 sheet material adopts 7075-T6 aluminium alloy for impacting ball, makes intermetallic compound film layer and carries out according to following steps: experiment material is selected TC4 titanium alloy, is of a size of 200mm * 40mm * 3mm through ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method.Impact ball and adopt 7075-T6 aluminium alloy ball, diameter is 15mm.Experiment lathe is the standard north one X5040 milling machine that Tengzhou of Shandong Province's promise letter is produced, and ultrasonic impact gun is installed on main shaft.Electrical spark power acquisition direct supply, workpiece connects positive source, impacts ball and connects power cathode.Strengthening parameter is ultrasonic impact gun output amplitude 15 μ m, ultrasonic impact gun translational speed 185mm/min, in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, impact part is at the interval of workpiece surface movement locus (being the distance of adjacent two Compound Machining bands) 0.6mm, static pressure 100N, electrical spark electric current 15A, working fluid is line cutting working liquid.
Sample after above-described embodiment strengthening is cut into 10mm * 10mm * field emission scanning electron microscope for 3mm. (FEI, Nanosem430, SEM/EDS), X-ray energy spectrometer (RigakuD/max2500V/PC), X-ray diffractometer effects on surface strengthening layer carry out surface and Cross Section Morphology, composition, contextual analysis of organization; With MHV-2000 microhardness tester (Shanghai Hu Gong material-testing machine factory), measure the microhardness of surface strengthen layer; With X-ray diffractometer, measure sample along depth direction unrelieved stress.
Without the ultrasonic impact work strengthening sample surface morphology figure of electrical spark as shown in Figure 4, measure sample surface strengthen layer surface topography as shown in Figure 5, process and compare with the ultrasonic impact of compound electric spark not, after ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining, microcosmic surface is comparatively smooth, by impacting the overlap producing, reduce, crackle also still less.
Utilize ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining strengthening sample in cross section shape appearance figure as shown in Figure 6, as can be seen from Figure, sample surfaces forms the strengthening layer of one deck 5 μ m left and right.Also having there is plastic flow and grain refining near the part of strengthening layer in matrix, and weakens in gradient to matrix from surface strengthen layer.
The surperficial X ray diffracting spectrum of measure sample as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen from the figure,, after ultrasonic impact is processed, peak, by force compared with the obvious broadening of mother metal, illustrates that ultrasonic impact has the effect of crystal grain thinning.After ultrasonic impact also electrical spark Compound Machining, occur the peak of TiN, and the peak of TiN has surpassed by force Ti.Interpret sample surface has formed the TiN ceramic film that ratio is considerable.
On MHV-2000 microhardness tester, by the load of 0.98N, load 15s, measure respectively the surface microhardness of mother metal and strengthening layer, result is 316 and 1004, illustrates that Compound Machining can significantly improve surperficial microhardness.Measure sample along the unrelieved stress of the degree of depth as shown in Figure 8.The test specimen of processing without ultrasonic impact as can be seen from Figure, unrelieved stress does not have to change substantially.The test specimen of processing through ultrasonic impact, obtains residual compressive stress on surface, and maximum crushing stress value appears at test specimen surface, is worth for 735MPa, and the residual compressive stress degree of depth is 498 μ m.Test specimen through ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining, can obtain residual compressive stress on surface, and maximum compressive appears at processed surface, is worth for 717MPa, and the residual compressive stress degree of depth is 482 μ m, and the result after processing to ultrasonic impact is similar.
Above the present invention has been done to exemplary description; should be noted that; in the situation that not departing from core of the present invention, the replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, modification or other those skilled in the art can not spend creative work all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device, is characterized in that, comprises static pressure bringing device, ultrasonic generator, electrical spark power supply, ultrasonic impact gun, impact part, wherein:
Described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun or ultrasonic impact gun shell, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun; Described ultrasonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave power for ultrasonic impact gun;
Front end at described ultrasonic impact gun arranges impact part, and described electrical spark power supply is connected with workpiece with impact part respectively, so that form spark discharge between impact part and workpiece;
By the whole ultrasonic impact gun shell that is fixedly placed in of ultrasonic impact gun, front end at described ultrasonic impact gun shell is fixedly installed ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, described impact part is arranged in ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, and and ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule between leave gap; Working medium entrance is set on the side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule.
2. ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 and electrical spark complex machining device, is characterized in that, described impact part is for impacting ball or striker pin.
3. ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 and electrical spark complex machining device, is characterized in that, described working medium is the working fluid that pressurized air or line cutting are used.
4. the method for utilizing the described ultrasonic impact of one of claim 1-3 and electrical spark complex machining device to process, it is characterized in that, according to following step, carry out: step 1, workpiece is installed on to work top, a utmost point that connects electrical spark power supply, the impact part that is positioned at ultrasonic impact gun front end connects another utmost point of electrical spark power supply; Step 2, the input switch of unlatching working medium, so that impact part and workpiece are in required working medium environment; Step 3, opens static pressure bringing device ultrasonic impact gun is moved, until impact part contacts with workpiece, and keeps static pressure constant; Step 4, opens ultrasonic generator, so that impact part vibrates between workpiece and ultrasonic impact gun front end; Step 5, until the impact velocity of impact part evenly after, open electrical spark power supply, so that produce electrical spark between impact part and workpiece; Step 6, produces relative movement between impact part and workpiece, so that impact part carries out the Compound Machining of ultrasonic impact and electrical spark to workpiece surface.
5. the method that ultrasonic impact according to claim 4 and electrical spark complex machining device are processed, is characterized in that, selects ultrasonic impact gun and impact part to be fixed, and workpiece moves; Or workpiece is fixed, and ultrasonic impact gun and impact part move.
6. the method that ultrasonic impact according to claim 4 and electrical spark complex machining device are processed, it is characterized in that, adding man-hour, selecting single direction cooked mode, in the course of processing, impact part carries out relative movement according to same direction all the time on workpiece.
7. the method that ultrasonic impact according to claim 4 and electrical spark complex machining device are processed, it is characterized in that, adding man-hour, selecting cooked mode back and forth, be i.e. the opposite direction of adjacent two movement locus of impact part on workpiece in the course of processing.
8. the method that ultrasonic impact according to claim 4 and electrical spark complex machining device are processed, is characterized in that, is adding man-hour, and selecting the output amplitude setting range of ultrasonic impact gun is 1～40 μ m; The translational speed setting range of ultrasonic impact gun or workpiece is 40～200mm/min; Impact part is 0.1～0.8mm at the interval of workpiece surface movement locus setting range; Ultrasonic impact gun is 0～400N to the static pressure setting range of workpiece; The setting range of electrical spark power supply out-put supply is 5～30A.
9. the method that ultrasonic impact according to claim 8 and electrical spark complex machining device are processed, is characterized in that, is adding man-hour, and selecting the output amplitude setting range of ultrasonic impact gun is 5-20 μ m; The translational speed setting range of ultrasonic impact gun or workpiece is 100-150mm/min; Impact part is 0.3-0.6mm at the interval of workpiece surface movement locus setting range; Ultrasonic impact gun is 100-200N to the static pressure setting range of workpiece; The setting range of electrical spark power supply out-put supply is 10-20A.
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| CN104846155B (en) | 2017-04-05 |
| CN103710495B (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| CN104846155A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
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