CN103710495B - Ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device and method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device and method, comprise static pressure bringing device, ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic impact gun shell, ultrasonic impact gun, electrical spark power supply, impact part, carrying out ultrasonic impact surface-treated simultaneously, between impact ball and workpiece, access suitable power supply, electrospark machining is carried out to workpiece surface.During Compound Machining, impact process and spark discharge process hocket at a high speed.In the invention process process, ultrasonic impact process makes workpiece surface produce viscous deformation, the spark discharge thereupon carried out makes workpiece and impact part local produce TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE, reach molten state in short-term, element in matrix surface and work gas (liquid) or impact part is reacted, and so forth, the tight metallurgical binding with matrix can be obtained and the superficial film of densification, there is the residual compressive stress and grain refining effect that change in gradient along depth direction simultaneously, the method required equipment structure is simple, power consumption is low, pollutes little.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing technology field, more particularly, relate to ultrasonic implement treatment and electrical spark process complex machining device and method.
Background technology
Ultrasonic implement treatment is applied to the fatigue property improving welding joint at first.Because it can introduce residual compressive stress at workpiece surface and subsurface, improve welding joint toe of weld position stress concentration, make to be hit surface and subsurface grain refining in gradient and even making Nano surface, and Chinese scholars gives a large amount of concern to it.Ultrasonic implement treatment is applied to the surface working of material, residual compressive stress and making Nano surface can be introduced equally, thus improve the intensity of material surface, hardness, the performance such as wear-resisting and anti-corrosion.Electric discharge surface modification technology is the spark discharge utilized between workpiece and electrode, forms the processing layer of performance required by one deck at workpiece surface, realizes strengthening workpiece surface, the technology of modification.Spark discharge surface strengthening technology based on electromachining mode is the important component part of surface strengthening technology, have that equipment is simple, processing ease, low cost and other advantages, the surface strengthening of mould, cutter and mechanical component and the reparation of abrading section can be widely used in, there is very large application space.Relevant patent has ultrasonic vibration jetting type electric spark composite processing technique and specific equipment (CN101264535A), ultrasound auxiliary electric spark deposition reparation and ultrasonic polishing integrated apparatus and method (CN101284341A) and process for intensifying ultrasonic vibration assisted electric spark pulse discharging surface (CN101967536A) etc.Ultrasound auxiliary electric spark working method common is at present assisting ultrasonic vibration on tool-electrode or workpiece, the discharging gap between the two is made to do ultrasonic change, thus the surface strengthening layer thickness profile making electric discharge surface alloying generate is even, performance is further improved.Due to experience thermal cycling, inevitably there is residual tension in the strengthening surface that above method obtains.Residual tension can cause surface crack and reduce its fatigue property.The research of prior art often concentrates on the respective operation method of two kinds of processing modes and processing effect respectively, rarely has the report be combined about both.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, ultrasonic implement treatment and electrical spark complex machining device and method are provided, with ultrasonic implement treatment and spark discharge surface strengthening to coupling, metallurgical binding is closely realized to make workpiece surface compound rete and matrix metal, have in whole processed region along depth direction residual compressive stress in gradient and grain refining effect simultaneously, while method be easy and simple to handle, strong adaptability, reproducible.
Technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
Ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device, comprise static pressure bringing device, ultrasonic generator, electrical spark power supply, ultrasonic impact gun, impact part, wherein:
Described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun;
Described ultrasonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave power for ultrasonic impact gun;
Arrange impact part in the front end of described ultrasonic impact gun, described electrical spark power supply is connected with workpiece with impact part respectively, to make to form spark discharge between impact part and workpiece;
In above-mentioned complex machining device, ultrasonic impact gun entirety is selected fixedly to be placed in ultrasonic impact gun shell, ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule is fixedly installed in the front end of described ultrasonic impact gun shell, described impact part is arranged in the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end, and and leave gap between the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end; The side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule arranges working medium inlet.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, when selecting ultrasonic impact gun entirety to be fixedly placed in ultrasonic impact gun shell, described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun shell, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, described impact part is the impact ball that size is suitable, or striker pin.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, described working medium is pressurized air, or working fluid, the working fluid that such as, in prior art Linear cut uses.
Above-mentioned ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device is utilized to carry out the method for processing, carry out according to following step: step 1, by trade union college in work top, connect a pole of electrical spark power supply, the impact part being positioned at ultrasonic impact gun front end connects another pole of electrical spark power supply; Step 2, opens the input switch of working medium, is in required working medium environment to make impact part and workpiece; Step 3, opens static pressure bringing device and ultrasonic impact gun is moved, until impact part and absorption surface, and keep static pressure constant; Step 4, opens ultrasonic generator, vibrates to make impact part between workpiece and ultrasonic impact gun front end; Step 5, after the impact velocity of impact part is even, opens electrical spark power supply, to make to produce electrical spark between impact part and workpiece; Step 6, produces relative movement between impact part and workpiece, carries out the Compound Machining of ultrasonic impact and electrical spark to make impact part to workpiece surface.
The present invention utilizes ultrasonic impact technology and spark technology compound to make the method for workpiece surface fast ceramic or alloying.The ultrasonic electric signals utilizing ultrasonic generator to export is converted to ultrasonic mechanical vibration, and after amplifying, output terminal (horn end) exports vibration amplitude, and reaches impact part, and impact part is vibration at high speed between output terminal and workpiece, passes energy in workpiece.After ultrasonic impact and spark technology compound, Combined Processing process is following as shown in Figure 2: during ultrasonic impact pellet impact workpiece, impacts ball and absorption surface, forms short circuit, workpiece generation viscous deformation; Impact ball when upspringing from workpiece, open circuit because now between two electrodes spacing minimum, working medium (work gas namely introduced by the working medium inlet arranged in cutting ferrule side, ultrasonic impact gun front end or working fluid) moment is breakdown, and electrical spark is formed.In electrical spark time-continuing process, working medium is ionized, and a large amount of positive ions and electronics bombard circuit two-stage (i.e. workpiece and impact part) respectively, give two huge amount energy, impels between the medium three after itself and ionization and element transmission and reaction occur; Afterwards impact part again with absorption surface, the reactant of workpiece and Surface Creation thereof is impacted again ... process like this is carried out repeatedly, realize fine and close metallurgical binding at workpiece surface compound rete and matrix metal, have in whole processed region along depth direction grain refining effect in gradient and residual compressive stress simultaneously.
In the above-mentioned course of processing, select ultrasonic impact gun and impact part to be fixed, workpiece moves; Or be fixed by workpiece, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part move.As shown in Figure 3, a is single direction cooked mode, and namely in the course of processing, impact part carries out relative movement according to same direction all the time on workpiece, and as shown in drawings for workpiece is fixed, impact part moves from left to right at workpiece surface, b is back and forth cooked mode, namely in the course of processing, the direction of adjacent two movement locus of impact part on workpiece is contrary, as shown in drawings for workpiece is fixed, impact part moves around at workpiece surface, Article 1, be from left to right, Article 2 is right-to-left, by that analogy, v represents the movement velocity (i.e. Compound Machining speed) of impact part in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, d be in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern impact part at the interval (i.e. the distance of adjacent two Compound Machining bands) of workpiece surface movement locus, arrow represents the direction of motion (i.e. Compound Machining direction) of impact part.
In the above-mentioned course of processing, the output amplitude setting range selecting ultrasonic impact gun is 1 ~ 40 μm, preferably 5-20 μm; The translational speed setting range of ultrasonic impact gun or workpiece is 40 ~ 200mm/min, preferably 100-150mm/min; Impact part is 0.1 ~ 0.8mm, preferably 0.3-0.6mm at the interval setting range of workpiece surface movement locus; The static pressure setting range of ultrasonic impact gun to workpiece is 0 ~ 400N; Preferably 100-200N; The setting range of electrical spark power supply out-put supply is 5 ~ 30A, preferably 10-20A.
Technical scheme of the present invention is based on ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method, and Selecting All Parameters is appropriate, can realize 100% metal surface ceramic or alloying, and produces residual compressive stress and grain refining phenomenon on surface and subsurface.Ceramic layer on surface and alloy layer thickness are determined according to concrete material and progress parameter.Simply, existing lathe, milling machine and machining center basis carry out transforming, and it is reasonable in design, low cost of manufacture for ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark complex machining device structural representation, and wherein 1 is static pressure bringing device; 2 is ultrasonic generator; 3 is electrical spark power supply; 4 is ultrasonic impact gun shell; 5 is ultrasonic impact gun; 6 is working fluid (gas) entrance; 7 is impact part; 8 is workpiece; 9 is ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule; 10 is termination, ultrasonic impact gun front end.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark compound processing course, and wherein 1 is impact part, and 2 is electrical spark, and 3 is workpiece.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, wherein a is single direction cooked mode, b is back and forth cooked mode, v represents the movement velocity (i.e. Compound Machining speed) of impact part in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, d is that in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, impact part is at the interval (i.e. the distance of adjacent two Compound Machining bands) of workpiece surface movement locus, and arrow represents the direction of motion (i.e. Compound Machining direction) of impact part.
Fig. 4 is the ultrasonic impact work strengthening sample surface morphology figure (SEM figure) without electrical spark.
Fig. 5 strengthens sample surface morphology figure (SEM schemes) for utilizing ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining.
Fig. 6 strengthens sample in cross section shape appearance figure (SEM schemes) for utilizing ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining.
Fig. 7 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex tool surface strengthening layer, ultrasonic impact strengthening layer and untreated mother metal, and wherein circle is Ti; Pentagram is TiN.
Fig. 8 is the surperficial unrelieved stress curve along the degree of depth of ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex tool surface strengthening layer, ultrasonic impact strengthening layer and untreated mother metal, and wherein square represents ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining; Circle represents ultrasonic implement treatment; Trilateral represents untreated mother metal.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.With TC4 surface ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex intensifying for research object, utilize hocketing of ultrasonic impact and spark discharge process, effects on surface is strengthened.TC4 alloying element content is as shown in the table:
| Composition | Al | V | Fe | O | N | Ti |
| Content (quality %) | 6.30 | 4.18 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.013 | Other |
As shown in Figure 1, ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark complex machining device, 1 is static pressure bringing device; 2 is ultrasonic generator; 3 is electrical spark power supply; 4 is ultrasonic impact gun shell; 5 is ultrasonic impact gun; 6 is working fluid (gas) entrance; 7 is impact part; 8 is workpiece; 9 is ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule; 10 is termination, ultrasonic impact gun front end.
Described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun; Described ultrasonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave power for ultrasonic impact gun; Arrange impact part in the front end of described ultrasonic impact gun, described electrical spark power supply is connected with workpiece with impact part respectively, to make to form spark discharge between impact part and workpiece; Ultrasonic impact gun entirety is selected fixedly to be placed in ultrasonic impact gun shell, ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule is fixedly installed in the front end of described ultrasonic impact gun shell, described impact part is arranged in the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end, and and leave gap between the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end; The side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule arranges working medium inlet; Described impact part is the impact ball that size is suitable, or striker pin; Described working medium is pressurized air, or working fluid, the working fluid that such as, in prior art Linear cut uses, and working medium passes into after in the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end, can be flowed out by the gap between impact part and ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, when selecting ultrasonic impact gun entirety to be fixedly placed in ultrasonic impact gun shell, described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun shell, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun.
When carrying out Compound Machining, selecting workpiece to be fixed, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part are moved, such as, whole ultrasonic impact equipment is arranged on lathe, milling machine, for whole ultrasonic impact equipment provides movement locus and static pressure.When carrying out Compound Machining, the ultrasonic impact equipment (i.e. ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic impact gun shell, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part, ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, termination, ultrasonic impact gun front end) of choice for use is the ultrasonic impact machine (model: UIT-125) that Tianjin Tian Dong perseverance development in science and technology company limited produces, about the structure of overall ultrasonic impact equipment, with reference to Patents 021000344,021000336,200610014768X, the striker pin of use is with reference to 2013100458871.
Embodiment 1
TC4 plate surface obtains ceramic film through ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method to carry out according to following steps: workpiece is TC4 titanium alloy, is of a size of 200mm × 40mm × 3mm.Impact ball and adopt Cr15 steel ball, diameter is 15mm.Experiment lathe is the standard north one X5040 milling machine that promise letter in Tengzhou of Shandong Province is produced, and is installed on by ultrasonic impact gun on main shaft, namely by milling machine for complex machining device provides motion, workpiece is fixed.Electrical spark power acquisition direct supply, workpiece connects positive source, impacts ball and connects power cathode.Strengthening parameter is ultrasonic impact gun output amplitude 15 μm, ultrasonic impact gun translational speed 185mm/min, in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, impact part is at interval (i.e. the distance of the adjacent two Compound Machining bands) 0.6mm of workpiece surface movement locus, static pressure 100N, electric spark current 15A, work gas is pressurized air.
Embodiment 2
TC4 sheet material adopts 7075-T6 aluminium alloy for impacting ball, obtains intermetallic compound film layer and carries out according to following steps: experiment material selects TC4 titanium alloy, be of a size of 200mm × 40mm × 3mm through ultrasonic impact and electrical spark combined machining method.Impact ball and adopt 7075-T6 aluminium alloy ball, diameter is 15mm.Experiment lathe is the standard north one X5040 milling machine that Tengzhou of Shandong Province's promise letter is produced, and is installed on main shaft by ultrasonic impact gun.Electrical spark power acquisition direct supply, workpiece connects positive source, impacts ball and connects power cathode.Strengthening parameter is ultrasonic impact gun output amplitude 15 μm, ultrasonic impact gun translational speed 185mm/min, in ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining pattern, impact part is at interval (i.e. the distance of the adjacent two Compound Machining bands) 0.6mm of workpiece surface movement locus, static pressure 100N, electric spark current 15A, working fluid is Linear cut working fluid.
Sample after being strengthened by above-described embodiment cuts into 10mm × 10mm × 3mm. field emission scanning electron microscope (FEI, Nanosem430, SEM/EDS), X-ray energy spectrometer (RigakuD/max2500V/PC), X-ray diffractometer effects on surface strengthening layer carry out surface and Cross Section Morphology, composition, contextual analysis of organization; The microhardness of surface strengthen layer is measured with MHV-2000 microhardness tester (Shanghai Hu Gong material-testing machine factory); Sample is measured along depth direction unrelieved stress with X-ray diffractometer.
Without electrical spark ultrasonic impact work strengthening sample surface morphology figure as shown in Figure 4, measure sample surface strengthen layer surface topography as shown in Figure 5, compared with the ultrasonic implement treatment of non-compound electric spark, after ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining, microcosmic surface is comparatively smooth, reduce by impacting the overlap produced, crackle is also less.
Utilize ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electrical spark Compound Machining to strengthen sample in cross section shape appearance figure as shown in Figure 6, as can be seen from Figure, sample surfaces forms the strengthening layer of one deck about 5 μm.Also having there is plastic flow and grain refining near the part of strengthening layer in matrix, and weakens in gradient to matrix from surface strengthen layer.
The surface X-ray diffracting spectrum of measure sample as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen from the figure, after ultrasonic implement treatment, the peak comparatively obvious broadening of mother metal by force, illustrates that ultrasonic impact has the effect of crystal grain thinning.After ultrasonic impact also electrical spark Compound Machining, occur the peak of TiN, and the peak of TiN is by force more than Ti.Interpret sample surface has formed the considerable TiN ceramic film of ratio.
On MHV-2000 microhardness tester, load 15s by the load of 0.98N, measure the surface microhardness of mother metal and strengthening layer respectively, result is 316 and 1004, illustrates that Compound Machining can significantly improve the microhardness on surface.Measure sample along the degree of depth unrelieved stress as shown in Figure 8.As can be seen from Figure without the test specimen of ultrasonic implement treatment, unrelieved stress does not change substantially.Through the test specimen of ultrasonic implement treatment, obtain residual compressive stress on surface, maximum crushing stress value appears at surface of test piece, is worth for 735MPa, and the residual compressive stress degree of depth is 498 μm.Through the test specimen of ultrasonic impact and electrical spark Compound Machining, can obtain residual compressive stress on surface, maximum compressive appears at processed surface, and be worth for 717MPa, the residual compressive stress degree of depth is 482 μm, similar to the result after ultrasonic implement treatment.
Above to invention has been exemplary description; should be noted that; when not departing from core of the present invention, any simple distortion, amendment or other those skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent replacement of creative work all to fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. ultrasonic impact and electrical spark complex machining device, is characterized in that, comprises static pressure bringing device, ultrasonic generator, electrical spark power supply, ultrasonic impact gun, impact part, wherein:
Described static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun or ultrasonic impact gun shell, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun; Described ultrasonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave power for ultrasonic impact gun;
Arrange impact part in the front end of described ultrasonic impact gun, described electrical spark power supply is connected with workpiece with impact part respectively, to make to form spark discharge between impact part and workpiece;
Ultrasonic impact gun entirety is fixedly placed in ultrasonic impact gun shell, ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule is fixedly installed in the front end of described ultrasonic impact gun shell, described impact part is arranged in the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end, and and leave gap between the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end; The side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule arranges working medium inlet.
2. ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 and electrical spark complex machining device, is characterized in that, described impact part is for impacting ball or striker pin.
3. ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 and electrical spark complex machining device, is characterized in that, described working medium is the working fluid that pressurized air or Linear cut use.
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| CN109382556A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-26 | 中北大学 | A kind of electric discharging machining electrode with wedge shape |
| CN109382557A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-26 | 中北大学 | A kind of electric discharging machining electrode with helicla flute |
| CN108715926B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-03-17 | 北京金轮坤天特种机械有限公司 | Ultrasonic impact device |
| CN110204337B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-04-30 | 中南大学 | Preparation method of boron carbide ceramic material for aerospace gyroscope bearing and boron carbide ceramic material |
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| CN104846155A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
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