CN104846155B - The method being processed using ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex machining device - Google Patents
The method being processed using ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex machining device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the method being processed using ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex machining device, complex machining device includes static pressure bringing device, supersonic generator, ultrasonic impact gun housing, ultrasonic impact gun, electric spark power supply, impact part, while ultrasonic impact surface treatment is carried out, appropriate power supply is accessed between impact ball and workpiece, spark machined is carried out to surface of the work.During Compound Machining, impact process is with spark discharge process at a high speed alternately.In implementation process of the present invention, ultrasonic impact process makes surface of the work produce plastic deformation, the spark discharge for carrying out therewith makes workpiece and impact part local produce TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE, molten condition in short-term is reached, makes matrix surface react with element in work gas or impact part, obtain the superficial film with the tight metallurgical binding of matrix and densification, simultaneously with the residual compressive stress and grain refining effect for changing along depth direction in gradient, the method equipment needed thereby simple structure, power consumption are low, pollute little.
Description
The application is the divisional application of parent application " ultrasonic impact with electric spark complex machining device and method ", female case Shen
Please the applying date be on January 6th, 2014, Application No. 2014100090099.
Technical field
The present invention relates to materials processing technology field, more particularly, is related to ultrasonic implement treatment and is processed with electric spark
Complex machining device and method.
Background technology
Ultrasonic implement treatment is initially applied to the fatigue behaviour for improving welding point.As which can be in surface of the work and secondary
Surface introduces residual compressive stress, improves welding point toe of weld position stress concentration, make to be hit surface and subsurface it is brilliant in gradient
Grain refinement or even making Nano surface, Chinese scholars give a large amount of concerns to which.Ultrasonic implement treatment is applied to into material
Surface Machining, can equally introduce residual compressive stress and making Nano surface, so as to improve the intensity of material surface, hardness, wear-resisting
And the performance such as anti-corrosion.Electric discharge surface modification technology is using the spark discharge between workpiece and electrode, in surface of the work
The process layer of one layer of required properties is formed, and realizes the technology strengthened, be modified being carried out to surface of the work.Based on electric machining mode
Spark discharge surface strengthening technology be surface strengthening technology important component part, with equipment is simple, processing ease, into
This low advantage, can be widely used for the reparation of the surface peening and abrading section of mould, cutter and machine components, with very big
Application space.Related patent has ultrasonic vibration jetting type electric spark composite processing technique and special equipment（CN
101264535A）, ultrasound auxiliary electric spark deposition reparation and ultrasonic polishing integrated apparatus and its method（CN 101284341A）
And process for intensifying ultrasonic vibration assisted electric spark pulse discharging surface（CN 101967536A）Deng.Ultrasonic wave added common at present
Electric discharge machining method is the assisting ultrasonic vibration on tool-electrode or workpiece, makes the discharging gap between the two do ultrasonic change,
So that the surface peening layer thickness profile that electric discharge surface alloying is generated is uniform, performance is further improved.With top
Inevitably there is residual tension due to experiencing thermal cycle in the strengthening surface obtained by method.Residual tension can cause
Face crack simultaneously reduces its fatigue behaviour.The research of prior art often concentrates on the respective operation side of two kinds of processing modes respectively
Method and processing effect, rarely have the report being used in combination with regard to both.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided ultrasonic implement treatment is filled with electric spark Compound Machining
Put and method, be coupled with ultrasonic implement treatment and spark discharge surface peening, so that surface of the work compound film layer and base
Body metal realizes close metallurgical binding, while in whole processed region with the residual compressive stress along depth direction in gradient
And grain refining effect, while method is easy to operate, strong adaptability, reproducible.
The technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals：
Ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex machining device, including static pressure bringing device, supersonic generator, electric spark electricity
Source, ultrasonic impact gun, impact part, wherein：
The static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun；
The supersonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave force for ultrasonic impact gun；
The ultrasonic impact gun front end arrange impact part, the electric spark power supply respectively with impact part and workpiece
It is connected, so as to spark discharge is formed between impact part and workpiece；
In above-mentioned complex machining device, select to be placed in ultrasonic impact gun integrally fixed in ultrasonic impact gun housing, in institute
The front end for stating ultrasonic impact gun housing is fixedly installed ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, before the impact part is arranged on ultrasonic impact gun
In the cutting ferrule of end, and gap is left between the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end；Arrange on the side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule
Working medium inlet.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, ultrasonic impact gun is integrally fixed when being placed in ultrasonic impact gun housing by selection, institute
State static pressure bringing device to connect with ultrasonic impact gun shell phase, and static pressure is provided for ultrasonic impact gun.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, the impact part is the suitable impact ball of size, or striker pin.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, the working media is compressed air, or working solution, such as in prior art
The working solution that wire cutting is used.
The method being processed using above-mentioned ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex machining device, is carried out as steps described below：
Workpiece is installed on work top by step 1, connects a pole of electric spark power supply, positioned at the impact part of ultrasonic impact gun front end
Another pole of connection electric spark power supply；Step 2, opens the input switch of working media, so that impact part and workpiece are in required
Working media environment in；Step 3, opening static pressure bringing device moves ultrasonic impact gun, until impact part and workpiece
Contact, and keep static pressure constant；Step 4, opens supersonic generator, so that impact part is before workpiece and ultrasonic impact gun
Vibrate between end；Step 5, after the impact velocity of impact part is uniform, opens electric spark power supply, so that impact part and workpiece
Between produce electric spark；Step 6, produces relative motion between impact part and workpiece, so that impact part enters to surface of the work
The Compound Machining of row ultrasonic impact and electric spark.
The present invention is combined using ultrasonic impact technology and spark technology makes surface of the work fast ceramic or alloying
Method.The ultrasonic electric signals exported using supersonic generator are converted to ultrasonic mechanical vibration, amplified outfan（Luffing
Bar end）Output vibration amplitude, and impact part is reached, energy is passed by impact part vibration at high speed between outfan and workpiece
In workpiece.After ultrasonic impact and spark technology compound, Combined Processing process is following as shown in Figure 2：Ultrasonic impact pellet impact
During workpiece, impact ball and absorption surface form short circuit, and workpiece occurs plastic deformation；Impact ball from workpiece upspring when, circuit
Open circuit, because now between two electrodes, spacing is minimum, working media（Work i.e. by arranging in ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule side
Make the work gas or working solution of medium inlet introducing）Moment is breakdown, and electric spark is formed.In electric spark time-continuing process, work is situated between
Matter is ionized, and substantial amounts of cation and electronics bombard circuit two-stage respectively（That is workpiece and impact part）, give two huge amount energy
, there is element transmission between the medium three after promoting which with ionization and react in amount；Afterwards impact part again with absorption surface,
Impact ... such process again to be repeated to the reactant of workpiece and its Surface Creation, in surface of the work compound film layer
Fine and close metallurgical binding is realized with parent metal, while thin with the crystal grain along depth direction in gradient in whole processed region
Change effect and residual compressive stress.
In the above-mentioned course of processing, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part are fixed by selection, and workpiece is moved；Or
Workpiece is fixed, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part are moved.As shown in Figure 3, a is single direction cooked mode,
I.e. impact part carries out relative motion according to same direction on workpiece all the time in process, solid for workpiece as shown in drawings
Fixed, impact part is moved from left to right in surface of the work；B is cooked mode back and forth, i.e., in process impact part in work
Adjacent two movement locus on part it is in opposite direction, fix for workpiece as shown in drawings, impact part in surface of the work back and forth
Mobile, first is that Article 2 is right-to-left from left to right, and by that analogy, v represents ultrasonic impact and electric spark Compound Machining
The movement velocity of impact part in pattern（That is Compound Machining speed）, d is ultrasonic impact and punching in electric spark Compound Machining pattern
Part is hit at the interval of surface of the work movement locus（The distance of i.e. adjacent two Compound Machining bands）, arrow represents impact part
The direction of motion（That is Compound Machining direction）.
In the above-mentioned course of processing, the output amplitude set point for selecting ultrasonic impact gun is 1～40 μm, preferably 5-20 μ
m；The translational speed set point of ultrasonic impact gun or workpiece is 40～200mm/min, preferably 100-150mm/min；Impact
Part is 0.1～0.8mm, preferably 0.3-0.6mm in the interval set point of surface of the work movement locus；Ultrasonic impact gun pair
The static pressure set point of workpiece is 0～400N；It is preferred that 100-200N；The set point of electric spark power supply out-put supply be 5～
30A, preferably 10-20A.
, based on ultrasonic impact and electric spark combined machining method, Selecting All Parameters are appropriate, are capable of achieving for technical scheme
100% metal surface ceramic or alloying, and residual compressive stress and crystal grain refinement phenomenon are produced on surface and subsurface.Surface
Depending on ceramic layer and alloy layer thickness are according to concrete material and technological parameter.Ultrasonic impact and electric spark combined machining method equipment
Simply, transformed on the basis of existing lathe, milling machine and machining center, which is reasonable in design, low cost of manufacture.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electric spark complex machining device structural representation, wherein 1 is that static pressure applies dress
Put；2 is supersonic generator；3 is electric spark power supply；4 is ultrasonic impact gun housing；5 is ultrasonic impact gun；6 is working solution（Gas）
Entrance；7 is impact part；8 is workpiece；9 is ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule；10 is ultrasonic impact gun front end termination.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electric spark compound processing course, wherein 7 be impact part, 8
For workpiece, 11 is electric spark.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electric spark Compound Machining pattern, and wherein a is single direction processing mould
Formula, b are cooked mode back and forth, and v represents the movement velocity of ultrasonic impact and impact part in electric spark Compound Machining pattern（It is i.e. multiple
Close process velocity）, d is for ultrasonic impact with impact part in electric spark Compound Machining pattern at the interval of surface of the work movement locus
（The distance of i.e. adjacent two Compound Machining bands）, arrow represents the direction of motion of impact part（That is Compound Machining direction）.
Fig. 4 is the ultrasonic impact work strengthening sample surface morphology figure without electric spark（SEM schemes）.
Fig. 5 is to strengthen sample surface morphology figure with electric spark Compound Machining using ultrasonic impact of the present invention（SEM schemes）.
Fig. 6 is to strengthen sample in cross section shape appearance figure with electric spark Compound Machining using ultrasonic impact of the present invention（SEM schemes）.
Fig. 7 is the X of ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex tool surface strengthening layer, ultrasonic impact strengthening layer and untreated mother metal
X ray diffraction collection of illustrative plates, wherein circle are Ti；Five-pointed star is TiN.
Fig. 8 is ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex tool surface strengthening layer, ultrasonic impact strengthening layer and untreated mother metal table
Residual stress curve of the face along depth, wherein square represent ultrasonic impact and electric spark Compound Machining；Circle represents ultrasound punching
Hit process；Triangle represents untreated mother metal.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to specific embodiment.It is combined with electric spark with TC4 surfaces ultrasonic impact
Strengthen as object of study, surface is strengthened using ultrasonic impact with spark discharge process alternately.TC4 alloys
Constituent content is as shown in the table：
| Composition | Al | V | Fe | O | N | Ti |
| Content (quality %) | 6.30 | 4.18 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.013 | Other |
As shown in Figure 1, ultrasonic impact of the invention and electric spark complex machining device, 1 is static pressure bringing device；2
For supersonic generator；3 is electric spark power supply；4 is ultrasonic impact gun housing；5 is ultrasonic impact gun；6 is working solution（Gas）Entrance；
7 is impact part；8 is workpiece；9 is ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule；10 is ultrasonic impact gun front end termination.
The static pressure bringing device is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides static pressure for ultrasonic impact gun；The ultrasound
Wave producer is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and provides ultrasonic wave force for ultrasonic impact gun；In the front end of the ultrasonic impact gun
Impact part is set, and the electric spark power supply is connected with impact part and workpiece respectively, so that between impact part and workpiece
Form spark discharge；Select to be placed in ultrasonic impact gun integrally fixed in ultrasonic impact gun housing, in the ultrasonic impact gun housing
Front end ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule is fixedly installed, the impact part is arranged in the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end, and with
Gap is left between the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end；On the side of ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, working medium inlet is set；
The impact part is the suitable impact ball of size, or striker pin；The working media is compressed air, or working solution,
The working solution that for example in prior art wire cutting is used, after working media is passed through in the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end, can be by impacting
Flow out in gap between part and ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule.
In above-mentioned complex machining device, ultrasonic impact gun is integrally fixed when being placed in ultrasonic impact gun housing by selection, institute
State static pressure bringing device to connect with ultrasonic impact gun shell phase, and static pressure is provided for ultrasonic impact gun.
When Compound Machining is carried out, workpiece is fixed by selection, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part is moved, example
Such as whole ultrasonic impact equipment is arranged on lathe, milling machine, movement locus and static pressure is provided for whole ultrasonic impact equipment.
When Compound Machining is carried out, the ultrasonic impact equipment for using is selected（That is supersonic generator, ultrasonic impact gun housing, ultrasonic impact
Rifle and impact part, ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, ultrasonic impact gun front end termination）For the limited public affairs of Tianjin Tian Dong perseverance developments in science and technology
The ultrasonic impact machine of department's production（Model：UIT-125）, with regard to the structure of overall ultrasonic impact equipment, with reference to Patents
021000344th, 021000336,200610014768X, the striker pin for using refer to 2013100458871.
Embodiment 1
TC4 plate surface Jing ultrasonic impacts are obtained ceramic film with electric spark combined machining method to be entered according to following steps
Capable：Workpiece is TC4 titanium alloys, and size is 200mm × 40mm × 3mm.Impact ball adopts Cr15 steel balls, a diameter of 15mm.It is real
Test lathe and the northern X5040 milling machines of the standard of production are believed for Tengzhou of Shandong Province's promise, ultrasonic impact gun is installed on main shaft, i.e., by milling machine
Motion is provided for complex machining device, workpiece is fixed.Electric spark power supply adopts DC source, workpiece to connect positive source, punching
Batting connects power cathode.Reinforcing parameter be ultrasonic impact gun export 15 μm of amplitude, ultrasonic impact gun translational speed 185mm/min,
Ultrasonic impact is with impact part in electric spark Compound Machining pattern at the interval of surface of the work movement locus（I.e. adjacent two are combined
The distance of processing band）0.6mm, static pressure 100N, electric spark current 15A, work gas are compressed air.
Embodiment 2
TC4 sheet materials adopt 7075-T6 aluminium alloys for impact ball, and Jing ultrasonic impacts are obtained gold with electric spark combined machining method
Between category, compound film layer is followed the steps below：Experiment material select TC4 titanium alloys, size be 200mm × 40mm ×
3mm.Impact ball adopts 7075-T6 aluminium alloy balls, a diameter of 15mm.Experiment lathe is the standard north one that production is believed in Tengzhou of Shandong Province's promise
X5040 milling machines, ultrasonic impact gun is installed on main shaft.Electric spark power supply adopts DC source, workpiece to connect positive source, impact
Ball connects power cathode.Reinforcing parameter is that ultrasonic impact gun exports 15 μm of amplitude, and ultrasonic impact gun translational speed 185mm/min surpasses
Acoustic shock is with impact part in electric spark Compound Machining pattern at the interval of surface of the work movement locus（I.e. adjacent two it is compound plus
The distance of work band）0.6mm, static pressure 100N, electric spark current 15A, working solution are wire cutting working solution.
Sample after above-described embodiment is strengthened cuts into 10mm × 10mm × 3mm. field emission scanning electron microscopes（FEI,
Nanosem 430, SEM/EDS）, X-ray energy spectrometer（Rigaku D/max 2500V/PC）, X-ray diffractometer is to surface peening
Layer carries out surface and Cross Section Morphology, composition, contextual analysis of organization；Use MHV-2000 microhardness testers（The Shanghai Shanghai work testing of materials
Machine factory）Determine the microhardness of surface peening layer；Sample is determined along depth direction residual stress with X-ray diffractometer.
Ultrasonic impact work strengthening sample surface morphology figure without electric spark as shown in Figure 4, measuring samples surface peening
As shown in Figure 5, compared with the ultrasonic implement treatment of electric spark is not combined, Jing ultrasonic impacts are combined layer surface pattern with electric spark
After processing, microcosmic surface is more smooth, is reduced by the overlap that impact is produced, and crackle is also less.
Using ultrasonic impact of the present invention and electric spark Compound Machining reinforcing sample in cross section shape appearance figure as shown in Figure 6, by scheming
In as can be seen that sample surfaces form one layer 5 μm or so of strengthening layer.Matrix also occurs in that plasticity stream near the part of strengthening layer
Become and crystal grain refinement, and weakened to matrix in gradient from surface peening layer.
The surface X-ray diffracting spectrum of measuring samples is as shown in Figure 7.It can be seen that Jing after ultrasonic implement treatment,
Peak intensity is significantly broadened compared with mother metal, illustrates that ultrasonic impact has the effect of crystal grain thinning.Jing after ultrasonic impact also electric spark Compound Machining,
There is the peak of TiN, and the peak intensity of TiN is more than Ti.Illustrate that sample surfaces have formed the considerable TiN ceramic films of ratio.
On MHV-2000 microhardness testers, with the load loading 15s of 0.98N, the table of mother metal and strengthening layer is determined respectively
Face microhardness, is as a result 316 and 1004, illustrates that Compound Machining can significantly improve the microhardness on surface.Measuring samples edge
The residual stress of depth is as shown in Figure 8.As can be seen from Figure without the test specimen of ultrasonic implement treatment, residual stress does not have substantially
Change.The test specimen of Jing ultrasonic implement treatments, obtains residual compressive stress on surface, and maximum crushing stress value occurs in surface of test piece, value
For 735MPa, residual compressive stress depth is 498 μm.Jing ultrasonic impacts and the test specimen of electric spark Compound Machining, are obtained on surface
Residual compressive stress, maximum compressive occur in processed surface, are worth for 717MPa, and residual compressive stress depth is 482 μm, and super
Result after acoustic shock process is similar.
Exemplary description is done above to the present invention, it should explanation, in the situation of the core without departing from the present invention
Under, any simple deformation, modification or other skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent of creative work equal
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method being processed using ultrasonic impact and electric spark complex machining device, it is characterised in that as steps described below
Carry out：Workpiece is installed on work top by step 1, connects a pole of electric spark power supply, positioned at the impact of ultrasonic impact gun front end
Another pole of part connection electric spark power supply；Step 2, opens the input switch of working media, so that impact part and workpiece are in
In required working media environment；Step 3, open static pressure bringing device move ultrasonic impact gun, until impact part and
Absorption surface, and keep static pressure constant；Step 4, opens supersonic generator, so that impact part is in workpiece and ultrasonic impact
Vibrate between rifle front end；Step 5, after the impact velocity of impact part is uniform, open electric spark power supply so that impact part and
Electric spark is produced between workpiece；Step 6, produces relative motion between impact part and workpiece, so that impact part is to workpiece table
Face carries out the Compound Machining of ultrasonic impact and electric spark；
The ultrasonic impact includes static pressure bringing device, supersonic generator, electric spark electricity with electric spark complex machining device
Source, ultrasonic impact gun, impact part, wherein：The static pressure bringing device and ultrasonic impact gun or ultrasonic impact gun shell phase
Even, and static pressure is provided for ultrasonic impact gun；The supersonic generator is connected with ultrasonic impact gun, and is carried for ultrasonic impact gun
For ultrasonic wave force；The ultrasonic impact gun front end arrange impact part, the electric spark power supply respectively with impact part
It is connected with workpiece, so as to spark discharge is formed between impact part and workpiece；By ultrasonic impact gun integrally fixation be placed in it is super
In acoustic shock gun housing, ultrasonic impact gun front end cutting ferrule, the impact part is fixedly installed in the front end of the ultrasonic impact gun housing
Be arranged in the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end, and gap is left between the cutting ferrule of ultrasonic impact gun front end；Before ultrasonic impact gun
On the side of end cutting ferrule, working medium inlet is set.
2. the method that utilization ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 is processed with electric spark complex machining device, which is special
Levy and be, the impact part is impact ball or striker pin.
3. the method that utilization ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 is processed with electric spark complex machining device, which is special
Levy and be, the working media is the working solution that compressed air or wire cutting are used.
4. the method that utilization ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 is processed with electric spark complex machining device, which is special
Levy and be, ultrasonic impact gun and impact part are fixed by selection, and workpiece is moved；Or workpiece is fixed, surpass
Acoustic shock rifle and impact part are moved.
5. the method that utilization ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 is processed with electric spark complex machining device, which is special
Levy and be, when being processed, select single direction cooked mode, i.e., impact part is pressed on workpiece all the time in process
Relative motion is carried out according to same direction.
6. the method that utilization ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 is processed with electric spark complex machining device, which is special
Levy and be, when being processed, select cooked mode back and forth, be i.e. impact part adjacent two on workpiece in process
Movement locus it is in opposite direction.
7. the method that utilization ultrasonic impact according to claim 1 is processed with electric spark complex machining device, which is special
Levy and be, when being processed, the output amplitude set point for selecting ultrasonic impact gun is 1～40 μm；Ultrasonic impact gun or
The translational speed set point of workpiece is 40～200mm/min；Interval setting model of the impact part in surface of the work movement locus
Enclose for 0.1～0.8mm；Ultrasonic impact gun is 0～400N to the static pressure set point of workpiece；Electric spark power supply out-put supply
Set point is 5～30A.
8. the method that utilization ultrasonic impact according to claim 7 is processed with electric spark complex machining device, which is special
Levy and be, when being processed, the output amplitude set point for selecting ultrasonic impact gun is 5-20 μm；Ultrasonic impact gun or
The translational speed set point of workpiece is 100-150mm/min；Interval setting model of the impact part in surface of the work movement locus
Enclose for 0.3-0.6mm；Ultrasonic impact gun is 100-200N to the static pressure set point of workpiece；Electric spark power supply out-put supply
Set point be 10-20A.
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| CN109382557A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-26 | 中北大学 | A kind of electric discharging machining electrode with helicla flute |
| CN109382556A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-26 | 中北大学 | A kind of electric discharging machining electrode with wedge shape |
| CN108715926B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-03-17 | 北京金轮坤天特种机械有限公司 | Ultrasonic impact device |
| CN110204337B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-04-30 | 中南大学 | Preparation method of boron carbide ceramic material for aerospace gyroscope bearing and boron carbide ceramic material |
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| CN103710495B (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| CN104846155A (en) | 2015-08-19 |
| CN103710495A (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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