CN112662966A - Method for rapidly prolonging fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for rapidly prolonging fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN112662966A CN112662966A CN202010534599.2A CN202010534599A CN112662966A CN 112662966 A CN112662966 A CN 112662966A CN 202010534599 A CN202010534599 A CN 202010534599A CN 112662966 A CN112662966 A CN 112662966A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for prolonging the fatigue life of an aluminum alloy material. A method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-frequency ultrasonic signals (20 KHz-10000 KHz) are used for exciting steel balls with the diameter of 1 mm-5 mm to impact the surface of the aluminum alloy material in a reciprocating and circulating manner at a high speed (1 m/s-50 m/s) (the number of the steel balls is 1-100, and the optimal number is 10-40), and the total time for impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material in the reciprocating and circulating manner is 10s-60 s. The method has the advantages of small damage to the surface of the metal material, high efficiency, remarkable effect and simple equipment, and can realize the doubled improvement of the fatigue life of the aluminum alloy in a very short (10s-60s) time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for prolonging the fatigue life of an aluminum alloy material, in particular to a method and a device for quickly prolonging the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy.
Background
The aluminum alloy has high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and ductility. The method is widely applied to manufacturing of parts of automobiles and aerospace structures.
Chinese patent application No. CN201610128715.4 discloses an ultrasonic strengthening method for prolonging the fatigue life of a metal workpiece and application thereof. The metal workpiece is clamped on the ultrasonic processing machine tool, the ultrasonic processing tool is utilized to carry out ultrasonic processing on the surface of the metal workpiece, and the ultrasonic strengthening method is mainly characterized in that the preset pressure stress on the surface of the metal workpiece is realized by adjusting different pressures of the ultrasonic processing tool on a working surface to be processed, so that the aims of eliminating residual stress and prolonging fatigue life are finally fulfilled. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic strengthening method can refine the crystal grains on the surface of the metal workpiece, improve the surface microhardness and the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance, thereby greatly prolonging the fatigue life of the workpiece. The ultrasonic strengthening method can effectively improve the surface performance of the metal workpiece, and the effect of the ultrasonic strengthening method is obviously superior to that of the existing ultrasonic processing method.
Chinese patent application No. discloses. The method is realized by processing the residual stress of a local welding seam, and comprises the following steps: obtaining a stress distribution diagram of the welding line, and determining a local dangerous position of the welding line under a corresponding dangerous working condition according to the stress value; obtaining a welding residual stress distribution diagram at a local dangerous position under a corresponding dangerous working condition; and (4) combining the welding residual stress distribution diagram, predicting the influence of residual tensile stress at the local dangerous position on the fatigue strength, determining a processing method and technological parameters of the welding residual stress according to the welding residual stress, and processing the local dangerous position. In step D, the processing method of the welding residual stress comprises an ultrasonic impact method; the process parameters include force values at impact; the force value range is 320MPa-390 MPa. The local dangerous position with the maximum residual tensile stress of the welding seam is determined and processed, so that the fatigue life of the movable arm structure is accurately prolonged.
The conventional method for prolonging the fatigue life of the metal workpiece cannot greatly prolong the fatigue life of the metal workpiece within a very short time (10s-60 s).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy, wherein the method has the advantages of small damage to the surface of a metal material, high efficiency, remarkable effect and simple equipment, and can realize the doubled improvement of the fatigue life of the aluminum alloy in a very short (10s-60s) time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: exciting the steel ball by using a high-frequency ultrasonic signal to impact the surface of the aluminum alloy material in a reciprocating and circulating manner at a high speed of 1-50 m/s, wherein the total time of impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material in the reciprocating and circulating manner is 10-60 s.
The high-frequency ultrasonic signal is 20 KHz-10000 KHz.
The diameter of the steel ball is 1 mm-5 mm.
The number of the steel balls is 1-100.
The aluminum alloy material can be replaced by other metal materials (the strength and the fatigue life of other metal materials can also be improved, such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, magnesium alloy or high-entropy alloy and the like).
The aluminum alloy material can be a rod or a part with a complex revolving body geometry (besides improving the strength and fatigue life of a simple rod-shaped part, the aluminum alloy material can also greatly improve parts with a complex revolving body geometry, such as gears, bearings and the like).
The aluminum alloy material is used for rotating as a revolving body, and is protected by a compound motion mode of ultrasonic impact; the range of rotation speeds is: 1 rpm-100000 rpm low speed, medium speed, high speed and super high speed.
Besides the strength and fatigue strengthening of rod-shaped and revolving parts, the high-frequency ultrasonic signals are used for exciting the steel balls to continuously impact the surface of the metal material in a reciprocating manner at a high speed, and residual compressive stress is efficiently and quickly introduced into the material, so that the strength of the treated material is greatly improved, and the fatigue life of the treated material is greatly prolonged.
The high-strength steel ball is used as an energy transfer medium to act on the surface of the aluminum alloy material, so that the high-strength steel ball has the characteristics of high impact frequency and high energy transmission efficiency, and is also a technical difficulty in the innovative idea of the technology and the difference between the high-strength steel ball and other ultrasonic strengthening technologies.
The treatment bin provided by the invention adopts a closed structure (the closed bin only allows an ultrasonic probe and treatment parts to enter in the structure, as shown in figure 1. the closed treatment bin can realize the function that a steel ball cannot fly out in the treatment process), and the design can enable the high-strength steel ball to perform reciprocating action and strengthen the parts and the ultrasonic probe, so that the structure of the equipment can be greatly simplified (a high-strength steel ball recovery circulating device is omitted, the safety risk in the operation process is reduced), and the quantity of the high-strength steel balls can be reduced.
The delivery outlet of steel ball, aluminum alloy material, high frequency ultrasonic signal all is located the processing storehouse, and the processing storehouse is installed and is formed closed structure on the panel of support. The high-frequency ultrasonic signal is realized by an ultrasonic generator 1, an ultrasonic signal line 2, an ultrasonic amplifier 3 and an ultrasonic spray head 5.
The device (aluminum alloy fatigue life improving device) for realizing the method comprises an ultrasonic generator 1, an ultrasonic signal line 2, an ultrasonic amplifier 3, a bracket 4, an ultrasonic spray head 5, a steel ball 7 and a treatment bin 8; the output end of the ultrasonic generator 1 is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic amplifier 3 through an ultrasonic signal wire 2, the output end of the ultrasonic amplifier 3 is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic spray head 5, and the ultrasonic spray head 5 is fixedly arranged on a bracket 4; a panel 6 of the support 4 is provided with a treatment bin 8 (the treatment bin and the panel form a closed bin, the treatment bin 8 can be fixed with the panel 6 through screws, namely the treatment bin adopts a closed structure), the panel 6 is provided with an ultrasonic spray nozzle through hole, an output port of the ultrasonic spray nozzle 5 is positioned in the treatment bin 8, a plurality of steel balls (the number of the steel balls is 1-100, the best is 10-40; the diameter is 1-5 mm; the plurality of steel balls are positioned at the output port of the ultrasonic spray nozzle 5) are placed in the treatment bin 8, an aluminum alloy material is processed into a round bar, two end parts of the round bar are respectively provided with a bearing 10 and are arranged in the treatment bin 8, and the round bar is positioned above the output.
The invention has the technical characteristics that:
(1) exciting the steel ball to impact the surface of the material at a high speed by adopting a high-frequency ultrasonic (20KHz-10,000KHz) signal, so that the surface of the material generates severe plastic deformation, and introducing residual compressive stress on the surface of the material, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the fatigue life of the aluminum alloy;
(2) the technology of the invention has universal application value, and can also efficiently improve the strength and fatigue life of metal materials such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy and the like;
(3) and the motion combination mode of the rotation motion superposition of the strengthening component and the ultrasonic treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional method for prolonging the fatigue life of the aluminum alloy, the ultrasonic enhancement technology provided by the invention has the advantages of small damage to the surface of the metal material, high efficiency, obvious effect and simple equipment; the fatigue life of the aluminum alloy can be doubled within a very short time (10s-60 s). The treatment bin is of a closed structure, so that the treatment bin can enable the high-strength steel ball to perform reciprocating action and strengthen parts and ultrasonic probes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum alloy fatigue life improving device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a fatigue test experiment according to the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1-ultrasonic generator, 2-ultrasonic signal line, 3-ultrasonic amplifier, 4-bracket, 5-ultrasonic spray head, 6-panel, 7-steel ball, 8-processing bin, 9-7 series aviation aluminum alloy fatigue test round bar sample and 10-bearing.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy comprises the steps of exciting steel balls with the diameter of 1-5 mm by using high-frequency ultrasonic signals (20-10000 KHz), impacting the surface of an aluminum alloy material (the number of the steel balls is 1-100, the best number is 10-40) in a reciprocating and circulating mode at a high speed (1-50 m/s), rotating the aluminum alloy material, and impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material in the reciprocating and circulating mode for 10-60 s. The high-frequency reciprocating cyclic impact can quickly introduce a compressive stress layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy material, greatly prolong the fatigue life and strength of the aluminum alloy and achieve the purpose of greatly prolonging the fatigue life of the aluminum alloy member.
The device (aluminum alloy fatigue life improving device) for realizing the method comprises an ultrasonic generator 1, an ultrasonic signal line 2, an ultrasonic amplifier 3, a bracket 4, an ultrasonic spray head 5, a steel ball 7 and a treatment bin 8; the output end of the ultrasonic generator 1 is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic amplifier 3 through an ultrasonic signal wire 2, the output end of the ultrasonic amplifier 3 is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic spray head 5, and the ultrasonic spray head 5 is fixedly arranged on a bracket 4; a treatment bin 8 is mounted on a panel 6 of the support 4 (the treatment bin and the panel form a closed bin, the treatment bin 8 can be fixed with the panel 6 through screws), an ultrasonic spray nozzle through hole is formed in the panel 6, an output port of the ultrasonic spray nozzle 5 is located in the treatment bin 8, a plurality of steel balls (the number of the steel balls is 1-100, the best number of the steel balls is 10-40; the diameter is 1-5 mm; the steel balls are located at the output port of the ultrasonic spray nozzle 5) are placed in the treatment bin 8, an aluminum alloy material is processed into a round rod, two end portions of the round rod are respectively mounted in the treatment bin 8 through bearings 10 (the round rod can rotate), and the round rod is located above the output port. The high-frequency ultrasonic signal is 20 KHz-10000 KHz, the ultrasonic generator 1 works, the output port of the ultrasonic spray head 5 blows the steel ball to impact the surface of the aluminum alloy material in a high-speed (1 m/s-50 m/s) reciprocating cycle mode, and the steel ball impacts the round bar to rotate due to the adoption of the bearing, so that the surface of the aluminum alloy material is all rapidly strengthened.
Example 1:
taking 7 series aviation aluminum alloy as an example: firstly, processing an aluminum alloy material into a standard 7-series aviation aluminum alloy fatigue test round bar sample 9, and preparing an aluminum alloy fatigue life improving device (see the above) as shown in figure 1; next, this sample 9 was subjected to fatigue strengthening by a high-frequency ultrasonic technique. The frequency of ultrasonic signals used in the experiment is 20KHz, the diameter of the steel ball is 3mm, and the number of the steel balls is 20; impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material at a high speed of 1-50 m/s in a reciprocating and circulating manner, wherein the treatment time is 30s (the total time of impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material in the reciprocating and circulating manner is 30 s); and finally, carrying out a fatigue test on the strengthened aluminum alloy material. Research results show that the ultrasonic-based rapid strengthening technology provided by the invention can prolong the fatigue life of the 7-series aviation aluminum alloy by 2-3 times, and has great engineering significance for the fatigue strengthening of the high-performance 7-series aviation aluminum alloy.
Example 2:
taking 7 series aviation aluminum alloy as an example: firstly, a standard 7-series aviation aluminum alloy fatigue test round bar sample 9 is processed, and as shown in fig. 1, an aluminum alloy fatigue life improving device (see the above) is prepared; next, this sample 9 was subjected to fatigue strengthening by a high-frequency ultrasonic technique. The frequency of ultrasonic signals used in the experiment is 10000KHz, the diameter of the steel ball is 1mm, and the number of the steel balls is 40; impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material at a high speed of 1-50 m/s in a reciprocating and circulating manner, wherein the treatment time is 10s (the total time for impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material in the reciprocating and circulating manner is 10 s); and finally, carrying out a fatigue test on the strengthened aluminum alloy material. Research results show that the rapid strengthening technology based on ultrasonic waves can prolong the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy by 3-4 times.
Example 3:
taking 7 series aviation aluminum alloy as an example: firstly, a standard 7-series aviation aluminum alloy fatigue test round bar sample 9 is processed, and as shown in fig. 1, an aluminum alloy fatigue life improving device (see the above) is prepared; next, this sample 9 was subjected to fatigue strengthening by a high-frequency ultrasonic technique. The frequency of ultrasonic signals used in the experiment is 5000KHz, the diameter of the steel ball is 5mm, and the number of the steel balls is 10; impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material at a high speed of 1-50 m/s in a reciprocating and circulating manner, wherein the treatment time is 60s (the total time of impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material in the reciprocating and circulating manner is 60 s); and finally, carrying out a fatigue test on the strengthened aluminum alloy material. Research results show that the rapid strengthening technology based on ultrasonic waves can prolong the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy by 3-4 times.
Claims (8)
1. A method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of 7-series aviation aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: exciting the steel ball by using a high-frequency ultrasonic signal to impact the surface of the aluminum alloy material in a reciprocating and circulating manner at a high speed of 1-50 m/s, wherein the total time of impacting the surface of the aluminum alloy material in the reciprocating and circulating manner is 10-60 s.
2. The method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of the 7-series aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the high-frequency ultrasonic signal is 20 KHz-10000 KHz.
3. The method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of the 7-series aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the steel ball is 1 mm-5 mm.
4. The method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of the 7-series aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the number of the steel balls is 1-100.
5. The method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of the 7-series aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the geometric shape of the aluminum alloy material is a rod-shaped part or a part with a complex revolving body geometric shape.
6. The method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of the 7-series aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the aluminum alloy material is used for rotating as a revolving body, and is protected by a compound motion mode of ultrasonic impact; the range of rotation speeds is: 1rpm to 100000 rpm.
7. The method for rapidly prolonging the fatigue life of the 7-series aviation aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the delivery outlet of steel ball, aluminum alloy material, high frequency ultrasonic signal all is located the processing storehouse, and the processing storehouse is installed and is formed closed structure on the panel of support.
8. An apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1, wherein: comprises an ultrasonic generator (1), an ultrasonic signal line (2), an ultrasonic amplifier (3), a bracket (4), an ultrasonic spray head (5), a steel ball (7) and a processing bin (8); the output end of the ultrasonic generator (1) is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic amplifier (3) through an ultrasonic signal line (2), the output end of the ultrasonic amplifier (3) is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic spray head (5), and the ultrasonic spray head (5) is fixedly arranged on the bracket (4); install on panel (6) of support (4) and handle storehouse (8), be equipped with ultrasonic shower nozzle on panel (6) and pass the hole, the delivery outlet of ultrasonic shower nozzle (5) is located and handles storehouse (8), has placed a plurality of steel balls in handling storehouse (8), and aluminum alloy material is processed into the pole, and bearing (10) are installed respectively in handling storehouse (8) at the both ends of pole, and the pole is located the top of the delivery outlet of ultrasonic shower nozzle (5).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022233085A1 (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Ultrasonic impact surface nano-strengthening device and method for aero-engine bearing inner ring |
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