CN106925882A - A kind of agitating friction welding metal material method of blending surface nanosizing before weldering - Google Patents
A kind of agitating friction welding metal material method of blending surface nanosizing before weldering Download PDFInfo
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- CN106925882A CN106925882A CN201710122042.6A CN201710122042A CN106925882A CN 106925882 A CN106925882 A CN 106925882A CN 201710122042 A CN201710122042 A CN 201710122042A CN 106925882 A CN106925882 A CN 106925882A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding involving metallurgical change
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B39/00—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor
- B24B39/06—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor designed for working plane surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
- B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Agitating friction the invention provides blending surface nanosizing before a kind of weldering welds metal material method, substrate surface to be welded is ground first, is polished；Then supersonic microparticle bombardment Surface Nanocrystalline is carried out, the nanometer layer that a layer thickness is not less than 50 μm is formed in substrate surface to be welded, the average-size of nano surface crystal grain is not more than 50nm；Surface mechanical stitch is carried out to substrate surface to be welded；Substrate surface greasy dirt to be welded is removed with acetone, friction welding (FW) is then stirred；Welding terminates rear shovel and falls the overlap of joint upper surface, and transitional region is polished smooth.The present invention can form more nanometer layer area in stir friction welding seam, and reduction causes the formation rate of serpentine line because of base material solder side out-of-flatness to be welded etc., further reduces welding point ratio of defects, improves friction stir welding combination property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of friction stir welding method, for the high-quality welding of metal material.
Background technology
Agitating friction weldering is a kind of solid diffusivity novel technique of Britain's institute of welding invention, can be prevented effectively from tradition
The various defects such as the stomata and crackle of fusion welding generation, with energy-conserving and environment-protective, connection temperature is low, postwelding residual stress is small and connects
The head series of advantages such as performance is high, is capable of achieving traditionally not solderable high strength alumin ium alloy (such as 2 ××× systems and 7 ××× systems
Aluminium alloy) high-quality welding, schematic device such as Fig. 1.Agitating friction weldering is just of great interest from invention, is generation
Zi invention to the most short interconnection technique of commercial Application time span in boundary's solder technology development history, it is described as after " weldering after Laser Welding
Connect the second revolution in history ", had broad application prospects in terms of the welding in the fields such as Aero-Space, ship, automobile.Its
Operation principle is that a soldering appliance with the shaft shoulder and mixing needle rotates at a high speed and mixing needle is clamp-oned the seam of docking sheet material
Place, until the shaft shoulder is in close contact with workpiece, in the presence of frictional heat and mixing needle extruding, material softens, mixing needle
Agitaion makes the material of seam both sides produce plastic flow and mixing, forms closely knit flawless by the reach of soldering appliance
Weld seam.
Metal material by agitating friction postwelding, weld seam under the elevated temperature thermal cycles effect that agitating friction is produced, hardening constituent
Roughening or back dissolving are there occurs, the heat engine zone of influence for causing weld seam is the weak link of welding point, in hardness, yield strength, resisted
The combination property of the aspects such as the corrosion under tensile strength, stress needs raising badly, meanwhile, the rough surface of friction stir welding
Degree is very big, further have impact on the combination property of welding point.
Nano surface is turned to a kind of new tool of surface peening, can form what surface roughness was not waited in material surface
Gradient nano structure sheaf, obtains the excellent properties such as high intensity, high rigidity and high abrasion.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention to provide a kind of agitating friction of combination blending surface nanocrystallization technology
Soldering method, can form more nanometer layer area in stir friction welding seam, reduce because of base material solder side out-of-flatness to be welded etc.
Cause the formation rate of serpentine line, further reduce welding point ratio of defects, improve friction stir welding combination property.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is comprised the following steps：
Substrate surface to be welded is ground, is polished；Then supersonic microparticle bombardment Surface Nanocrystalline is carried out, is being treated
Weldering substrate surface forms the nanometer layer that a layer thickness is not less than 50 μm, and the average-size of nano surface crystal grain is not more than 50nm；It is right
Substrate surface to be welded carries out surface mechanical stitch；Substrate surface greasy dirt to be welded is removed with acetone, friction welding (FW) is then stirred；Weldering
Binding beam rear shovel falls the overlap of joint upper surface, and transitional region is polished smooth.
The bullet material of described supersonic microparticle bombardment Surface Nanocrystalline is stainless steel S110, SiO2, BN or WC,
A diameter of 0.05~the 0.5mm of bullet, jet angle be 60 °~90 °, operating air pressure be 0.1~0.53MPa, airflow rate be 340~
1200m/s, jet length is 10~300mm, and injecting time is 0.1~300min.
The rotary shaft rotating speed of described surface mechanical stitch is 20~200r/min, and WC-Co hard alloy steel is housed on axle
Impact roll, roller diameter is 20~60mm, and thickness is 5~30mm, and friction stir welding joint surface is along roller wheel shaft direction
Reciprocating rate travel is 0.05~5mm/s, and mobile ultimate range is 1~300mm, and it is back and forth 2 times to move back and forth one
Treatment, rolling times 1~100 time, operating ambient temperature is -50 DEG C~100 DEG C.
Described agitating friction weldering point prewelding and formal weldering, a diameter of 1-20mm of the stirring-head shaft shoulder that prewelding is used, stirring
Pin length is 1-15mm, and end diameter is 1-15mm, and root diameter (RD) is 1-20mm, and rotary speed is 50-1000r/min, welding
Speed is 50-1000mm/min, and stirring-head inclination angle is 0-5 °, and compression distance is 0-1mm；The stirring-head shaft shoulder that formal weldering is used
A diameter of 1-20mm, mixing needle length is 1-15mm, and end diameter is 1-15mm, and root diameter (RD) is 1-20mm, and rotary speed is
100-2000r/min, speed of welding is 100-1000mm/min, and stirring-head inclination angle is 0-5 °, and compression distance is 0-1mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Nanometer layer area, base material surface to be welded to be welded can be formed in stir friction welding seam
Surface roughness is significantly reduced, and the ratio of defects of welding product is reduced, thin by improving heat engine zone of influence etc. in weld seam
The performance of weak link, reaches the purpose for improving welding point combination property, further expands the industrial applications of agitating friction weldering
Scope.Specific advantage is as follows：
1st, metal material is conducive to improving nanometer in weld seam by the nano surface thickness generated after supersonic microparticle bombardment
The volume accounting in floor area, not only makes surface nanometer layer crystal grain further refine, and significantly drop by surface mechanical stitch technology
Low base material welding surface roughness to be welded, reduces the generation of the defects such as serpentine line, is prepared in the heat engine zone of influence more carefully, more
It is more nanocrystalline, improve the combination property of welding point (such as：Hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage, pitting resistance
With anticorrosion stress-resistant performance)；
2nd, it is simple for process, with low cost, the problem of environmental pollution without the anodic process for being used at present, power consumption
Few, the repeat usage of pill is high, and roll unit manufacture is convenient with maintenance；
3rd, it is applied widely, present invention may apply to various metal materials, be widely used in lathe, instrument, ship, fly
The fields such as machine, aerospace material, mining equiment, chemical industry.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Friction stir welding principle schematic；
Fig. 2 is supersonic microparticle bombardment method schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is surface mechanical stitch technology schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the OM pictures of 2A14 aluminium alloy microsturctures；
Fig. 5 is the OM pictures of base material cross-sectional morphology to be welded after being processed through supersonic microparticle bombardment；
Fig. 6 is the OM pictures of the base material cross-sectional morphology to be welded after the mechanical stitch technical finesse of surface；
Fig. 7 is the TEM pictures in top layer section after base material to be welded is processed through supersonic fine particles bombarding, wherein, (a) is light field
As and accordingly choose electron diffraction pattern, (b) is dark field image；
Fig. 8 is the TEM pictures in base material to be welded top layer section after the mechanical stitch technical finesse of surface, wherein, (a) is bright field image
And electron diffraction pattern is accordingly chosen, (b) is dark field image；
Fig. 9 is the nanometer layer area OM pictures in the heat engine zone of influence in weld seam；
Figure 10 is nanocrystalline TEM pictures in nanometer layer area.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and the present invention includes but are not limited to following implementations
Example.
The invention belongs to metal material agitating friction weldering field, metallic substrate surface specifically to be welded is by blending surface
After nanosizing treatment, the method for being welded base material to be welded using agitating friction welding technology.The present invention uses supersonic microparticle first
Bombardment technology, the gases at high pressure produced using gases at high pressure generating means carry hard spheric granules with the speed of 340~1200m/s
Degree continuously bombards metallic substrate surface to be welded, its surface is formed certain thickness nanometer layer, on this basis, to base material to be welded
Surface continues to be processed using surface mechanical stitch technology, using the roll rolled metal material rotated at a high speed around revolution axis
Superficial layer, the nanostructured layers of surface flawless are prepared on the metal material.Using agitating friction welding technology by base to be welded
Material is welded, and nanometer layer area is formed in weld seam, improves the combination property of welding point.Applied widely, device of the invention
Simple to operation, low cost, production efficiency are high, pollution-free, and welding point combination property is obviously improved.
Substrate surface to be welded is carried out conventional grinding, polishing by the present invention first with metal material as object.Using
1433/8558Progressive (DT1480) numerical control compressed air shotblasting machines carry out supersonic microparticle bombardment making Nano surface to base material to be welded
Process, major parameter is：Bullet material is stainless steel S110, SiO2, BN, WC, bullet diameter 0.05-0.5mm, 60 ° of jet angle-
90 °, operating air pressure 0.1-0.53MPa, airflow rate 340-1200m/s, jet length 10-300mm, injecting time 0.1-
300min.After having processed, substrate surface to be welded forms one layer of nanometer layer for being not less than 50 μ m-thicks, the average chi of nano surface crystal grain
It is very little to be not more than 50nm.
On the basis of using supersonic fine particles bombarding to substrate surface nanosizing to be welded treatment, using surface machinery
The equipment of rolling techniques proceeds treatment to substrate surface to be welded, and rotary shaft rotating speed is 20-200r/min, and WC- is housed on axle
Co hard alloy steel impact rolls, roller diameter 20-60mm, thickness is 5-30mm, can be moved freely around axle center, and base material to be welded can
To move left and right, rate travel is 0.05-5mm/s, and mobile ultimate range 1-300mm, base material to be welded moves left and right one back and forth
It is 2 treatment, rolling times 1-100 times, -100 DEG C of operating ambient temperature -50 DEG C.
Using the FSW5020 bottom stirring friction welding systems of Shanghai Putuo Numerical Control Technology Co., Ltd.'s production to mixture table
Base material to be welded after the nanosizing of face is stirred friction welding (FW) along its length, and surface and oil contaminant is removed with acetone before welding.Prewelding is adopted
The a diameter of 1-20mm of the stirring-head shaft shoulder, mixing needle length be 1-15mm, end diameter 1-15mm, root diameter (RD) 1-20mm,
Rotary speed is 50-1000r/min, and speed of welding is 50-1000mm/min, and 0-5 ° of stirring-head inclination angle, compression distance is 0-
1mm.The a diameter of 1-20mm of the stirring-head shaft shoulder that formal weldering is used, mixing needle length is 1-15mm, end diameter 1-15mm, root
Diameter 1-20mm, rotary speed is 100-2000r/min, and speed of welding is 100-1000mm/min, 0-5 ° of stirring-head inclination angle,
Compression distance is 0-1mm.Welding falls the overlap shovel of joint upper surface after terminating, and is polished smooth transitional region with emery wheel.
Embodiments of the invention are process object with 2A14 aluminium alloys, and 2A14 is Al-Mg-Si-Cu systems alloy, processing
The aluminium alloy plate of 500mm × 500mm × 5mm, conventional grinding, polishing are carried out by substrate surface to be welded.Using 1433/
8558Progressive (DT1480) numerical control compressed air shotblasting machines carry out supersonic microparticle bombardment Surface Nanocrystalline to base material to be welded,
Major parameter is：Bullet material is stainless steel S110, bullet diameter 0.3mm, 90 ° of jet angle, operating air pressure 0.53MPa, air-flow
Speed 1200m/s, jet length 130mm, injecting time 10min.After having processed, substrate surface to be welded forms one layer of about 50 μ m-thick
Nanometer layer (such as Fig. 5), surface microstructure is reduced to the 30nm of nanometer layer crystal grain, nanocrystalline TEM by 50 μm (such as Fig. 4) of matrix
Bright field image and accordingly selection electron diffraction pattern, dark field image such as Fig. 7.
After having been processed 2A14 aluminum alloy surface nanosizings using supersonic fine particles bombarding, using surface mechanical stitch
Equipment proceeds treatment to substrate surface to be welded, and rotary shaft rotating speed is 50r/min, and roller diameter 35mm, thickness is 10mm, can
Moved freely around axle center, board samples can be moved left and right, rate travel is 0.3mm/s, displacement 80mm, sample or so is moved
Dynamic one is back and forth 2 treatment, and sample carries out rolling treatment 15 times in 50 DEG C of air ambients.Finally make substrate surface to be welded thick
Rugosity is reduced to 0.534 μm (such as Fig. 6), the TEM bright field images of nano surface crystal grain and accordingly selection electron diffraction pattern, dark field image
Such as Fig. 8.
Using blending surface nanocrystallization technology to 2A14 aluminium alloys substrate surface treatment to be welded after, open up uncut jade numerical control using Shanghai
The FSW5020 bottoms stirring friction welding system of Science and Technology Ltd.'s production is stirred friction along its length to base material to be welded
Weldering, surface and oil contaminant is removed before welding with acetone.The a diameter of 12mm of the stirring-head shaft shoulder that prewelding is used, mixing needle length is 2mm, end
Portion diameter 5mm, root diameter (RD) 6mm, rotary speed are 800r/min, and speed of welding is 400mm/min, stirring-head inclination angle
2.5 °, compression distance is fully (0.2mm).The a diameter of 18mm of the stirring-head shaft shoulder that formal weldering is used, mixing needle length is 3mm, end
Portion diameter 6mm, root diameter (RD) 7mm, rotary speed are 600r/min, and speed of welding is 200mm/min, stirring-head inclination angle
2.5 °, compression distance is fully (0.3mm).Welding falls the overlap shovel of joint upper surface after terminating, and is beaten transitional region with emery wheel
Ground smooth.Nanometer layer area (such as Fig. 9), the nanometer in nanometer layer area are finally prepared in the heat engine zone of influence of weld seam weak link
Brilliant TEM bright field images such as Figure 10.
Claims (4)
1. the agitating friction of blending surface nanosizing welds metal material method before a kind of weldering, it is characterised in that including following steps
Suddenly：Substrate surface to be welded is ground, is polished；Then supersonic microparticle bombardment Surface Nanocrystalline is carried out, in base to be welded
Material surface forms the nanometer layer that a layer thickness is not less than 50 μm, and the average-size of nano surface crystal grain is not more than 50nm；To be welded
Substrate surface carries out surface mechanical stitch；Substrate surface greasy dirt to be welded is removed with acetone, friction welding (FW) is then stirred；Welding knot
Beam rear shovel falls the overlap of joint upper surface, and transitional region is polished smooth.
2. the agitating friction of blending surface nanosizing welds metal material method, its feature before weldering according to claim 1
It is：The bullet material of described supersonic microparticle bombardment Surface Nanocrystalline is stainless steel S110, SiO2, BN or WC, bullet
A diameter of 0.05~the 0.5mm of ball, jet angle be 60 °~90 °, operating air pressure be 0.1~0.53MPa, airflow rate be 340~
1200m/s, jet length is 10~300mm, and injecting time is 0.1~300min.
3. the agitating friction of blending surface nanosizing welds metal material method, its feature before weldering according to claim 1
It is：The rotary shaft rotating speed of described surface mechanical stitch is 20~200r/min, is impacted equipped with WC-Co hard alloy steel on axle
Roller, roller diameter is 20~60mm, and thickness is 5~30mm, and friction stir welding joint surface is reciprocal along roller wheel shaft direction
The rate travel of motion is 0.05~5mm/s, and mobile ultimate range is 1~300mm, and it is back and forth 2 treatment to move back and forth one,
Rolling times 1~100 time, operating ambient temperature is -50 DEG C~100 DEG C.
4. the agitating friction of blending surface nanosizing welds metal material method, its feature before weldering according to claim 1
It is：Described agitating friction weldering point prewelding and formal weldering, a diameter of 1-20mm of the stirring-head shaft shoulder that prewelding is used, mixing needle are long
It is 1-15mm to spend, and end diameter is 1-15mm, and root diameter (RD) is 1-20mm, and rotary speed is 50-1000r/min, speed of welding
It is 50-1000mm/min, stirring-head inclination angle is 0-5 °, and compression distance is 0-1mm；The stirring-head shaft shoulder diameter that formal weldering is used
It is 1-20mm, mixing needle length is 1-15mm, and end diameter is 1-15mm, and root diameter (RD) is 1-20mm, and rotary speed is 100-
2000r/min, speed of welding is 100-1000mm/min, and stirring-head inclination angle is 0-5 °, and compression distance is 0-1mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108481744A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-04 | 东晓 | A kind of semisolid increasing material manufacturing device and its manufacturing method |
| CN108994442A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-14 | 北京石油化工学院 | A kind of friction stir welding method of aluminum/steel dissimilar material connection |
-
2017
- 2017-03-03 CN CN201710122042.6A patent/CN106925882A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108481744A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-04 | 东晓 | A kind of semisolid increasing material manufacturing device and its manufacturing method |
| CN108481744B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2024-04-16 | 东晓 | Semi-solid additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108994442A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-12-14 | 北京石油化工学院 | A kind of friction stir welding method of aluminum/steel dissimilar material connection |
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Application publication date: 20170707 |