CN1336444A - Nanometer structure forming method and special equipment therefor - Google Patents
Nanometer structure forming method and special equipment therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1336444A CN1336444A CN 01122979 CN01122979A CN1336444A CN 1336444 A CN1336444 A CN 1336444A CN 01122979 CN01122979 CN 01122979 CN 01122979 A CN01122979 A CN 01122979A CN 1336444 A CN1336444 A CN 1336444A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/03—Amorphous or microcrystalline structure
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to method of forming nano structure and its special equipment, said method is to proceed surface treatment on metal parts, (1). apply mechanical stress or heat stress on metal parts to be treated; (2). using spherical projectite to proceed jet treatment on whole surface of metal parts to be treated, (3). repeat step 2 to make the impact points cooer all the surface of metal parts to be treated; special equipment includes spherical ball, connect metal part to treated with fixed part to form wheel surface of container, using circulating jet device to impact repeatedly the metal part surface from different incident angle, so that on same impact surface, there are many times impact from various incident angle; a recovery device for repeatedly use the ball. Said equipment can form nano scale microstructure or nano structured surface layer on surface of material treated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal surface treatment technology, specifically a kind of nanostructure method and specific equipment of on metal parts, forming.
Background technology
Usually on the one dimension direction, demonstrate the feature of nano crystal material at least less than the typical ultra-fine brilliant particle of 100nm.These materials can be with the preparation of known method, IGC (inert gas condensation) for example, and SPD (intense plastic strain) etc., but these materials have the many and easy shortcoming such as pollution of hole class defective usually.
Utilize Surface-micromachining process, the crystal grain on metal parts surface can refinement, and might reach nanoscale.Traditional metallic surface working method, by pressurized air the speed of undersized bullet (for example metal) with 5 to 100 meter per seconds is injected on the surface of material, compare with ultrasonic shot peening (velocity of shot is between 5 to 20 meter per seconds), traditional ball blasting method advantage is that bullet has bigger jet velocity.Tradition ball blasting method weak point is: employed bullet is actually non-circular shape (for example cylindric), is the metal block that is similar to circle that obtains by grinding, and this ball is not complete globular, thereby is a kind of underproof Ballet Shop.When bullet clashes into from the teeth outwards, damaged sphere can cause that stress concentration causes the accumulation of damage in the part, this damage accumulation may crack on material, and when the time length of shot peening is longer, the surface generation flakey of material is peeled off.Secondly bullet can not be reused immediately, but needs a recirculation device to realize that the circulation of bullet is supplied with, injection, and whole process just must need a large amount of bullets if there is not recirculation device; For surface given on the part, it all is unidirectional, fixed angle that each incident is sprayed; In addition, from acquired result, through not containing or nanostructure seldom arranged in the surface of surface-treated part.
2689431) or Russ P application (application number: 1391135) french patent application (application number:, provide a kind of ultrasonic wave of utilizing in preset time to make metal parts produce the method for strengthening, it can realize the motion of bullet by the intermediate of ultrasonic generator in the space of sealing.According to the method for French Patent card application, can make metal parts obtain the hardened layer of definite surfaceness and definite degree of depth by the speed of regulating bullet.In order to obtain the ideal treatment effect, the speed that launching system moves should satisfy a determined value, and cold working hardening can be realized in the surface that is lower than this value material, is higher than this value and handles that then effect is inhomogeneous.In other words, no matter which point of material surface all can not be repeated to spray, can only spray once.In the above-mentioned patent application, the emission that can consider and translational speed are tens centimetres of p.s.s, and its injection amplitude is 100 μ m.Therefore, adopt existing working method, be difficult on material to obtain the nanostructure of certain depth, for example from the nanostructure top layer of a few to tens of micrometer depth.
Summary of the invention
In order to remedy former deficiency, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of formation nanostructure method and specific equipment, it can utilize complete globular bullet, can on the surface of material, form one deck and the body material chemical ingredients is identical, grain-size is the microstructure of tens nanometers with the incidence angle variable spray regime, the i.e. top layer of the microstructure of a nanoscale or nanostructure, its thickness range is tens to the hundreds of micron, and this also is referred to as making Nano surface (SNC).
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Carry out surface treatment on metal parts, obtain certain thickness nanostructure top layer, concrete steps are:
1) pending metal parts is applied mechanical stress and/or thermal stresses; Its stress value is the yielding stress less than the metal parts material;
2) in the time length of determining, with speed, definite distance, identical rum point, incidence angle variable and the qualification quantity determined and can on all surfaces of pending metal parts, carry out a kind of inject process by for a long time reusable complete spherical bullet;
3) along with the moving of rum point, carry out step 2 repeatedly) so that make rum point cover the whole pending surface of metal parts.
Its specific equipment: comprise bullet, described bullet is complete globular, has definite size, speed and quantity; Also comprise container, fixing part, cyclic spray device, retrieving arrangement, wherein: pending metal parts links to each other with fixing part, constitute a wall of container, bullet clashes into repeatedly with the metal parts surface by the driving of cyclic spray device, with incidence angle variable and contacts in container, and the cyclic spray device is for can make bullet carry out the device of multiple impact with a plurality of input angles to the metal parts surface, on an identical impact surface; The retrieving arrangement of reusing bullet is installed on the container.
Principle of the present invention is: metal parts is carried out surface treatment, by the viscous deformation that produces at random on all directions, reduce whole lip-deep grain-size effectively, the variation of this surface tissue can change the mechanical property of metal parts on the one hand, can improve the scattering nature on the shallow top layer of metal parts on the other hand.The mechanical characteristics of nanometer microtexture or nanostructure studies show that: the grain-size of metal is more little, and its physical strength is big more.Therefore, present research is to develop the manufacture method that only can obtain by the nanostructure constituent part.The present invention forms a top layer with nanostructure feature by the method that produces nanostructure on whole metal parts, this top layer is enough to guarantee that part can obtain the characteristic of making every effort to reach, for example the mechanical property of Xi Wanging (solidity to corrosion under fatigue, wear-resisting wearing property, the stress).Obtaining nanostructure is the grain-size that will reduce the metal parts surface, and for example, the initial grain-size of pure iron part is 100 μ m, and after handling according to the present invention, the grain-size of piece surface can be reduced to has only tens nanometers.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. the present invention is by producing the method and the specific equipment thereof of nanostructure, can reduce the lip-deep grain-size of metal parts effectively, form one deck and the body material chemical ingredients is identical, grain-size is the microstructure of tens nanometers on the surface of whole metal parts, the thickness range of material surface nanostructure is tens to the hundreds of micron.
2. the present invention produces the method and the specific equipment thereof of nanostructure, be provided with turning axle and movable component at the spout place, realized spout on movable component translation and sway, make the bullet can be on the same rum point on pending metal parts surface, spray with incidence angle variable, make on the random direction on metal parts surface and produce viscous deformation.
3. adopt the ultrasonic generator that bullet is moved when the present invention's metal parts for the treatment of reason in jet surface is handled applies mechanical stress and/or thermal stresses, help in metal parts, to produce the intensive viscous deformation, can obtain the nanostructure top layer of hundreds of micron (or bigger) thickness.
4. the present invention adopts complete globular bullet, and is that high-quality, quantity is determined, can avoid localized accumulated that stress limits at metal parts and damaged material when projectile impact.Because in the process that forms the nanostructure top layer, this complete globular bullet can produce viscous deformation in the surperficial various directions of material, so, multi-direction repetition of going up viscous deformation will cause the fragmentation of pending metal parts crystal grain and cause the decline of their sizes.
5. because the present invention has adopted retrieving arrangement and reused the cyclic spray device of bullet, solved the problem of bullet recirculation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a specific equipment structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A is the section of structure of applied stress device in the one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 B is the top plan view of cushion block among Fig. 2 A.
Fig. 3 A is the structural representation of applied stress device in another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 B is the vertical view of Fig. 3 A middle and lower part platform.
Fig. 4 has the applied stress device for adopting in further embodiment of this invention, forms the specific equipment structural representation of nanostructure by using ultrasonic wave.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Carry out surface treatment at metal parts, to obtain one deck nanostructured, concrete steps are:
1) pending metal parts is applied mechanical stress and/or thermal stress; Its stress value is less than gold The yield stress that belongs to part material;
2) in the duration of determining, with the speed of determining, definite distance, identical rum point, Incidence angle variable and limit quantity and can for a long time reusable complete spherical bullet at pending metal Carry out a kind of inject process on all surfaces of part;
3) along with the movement of rum point, repeatedly carry out step 2), in order to make rum point covering metal zero The whole pending surface of part;
Described jet surface is processed and is adopted air compressor or turbine 55, provides to make the moving of Projectile Motion Power makes bullet move by random direction; Described jet surface is processed and is adopted supersonic generator, The sound wave of supersonic generator and bullet is transported with the interaction of bullet by direction at random Moving; In described jet surface is processed pending metal parts is carried out heat treated, it heats temperature Degree is controlled at and makes below the temperature that metal parts or alloy grain grow up; Described jet surface is processed That Local cooling is carried out in the pending zone of metal parts; The nano junction that described bullet is wished by the user The structure skin depth adopts fully spherical, and its diameter remains between 300 μ m～3mm; Described bullet The ball movement velocity is 3～100 meter per seconds; When described jet surface is processed the employing supersonic generator, institute Stating Projectile Motion speed is 5～20 meter per seconds; For the bullet size of determining, definite constituent part The duration that the described jet surface of material is processed is between 30 to 1300 seconds; Described jet surface place When the motion that reason produces was static, the quantity of bullet 22 occupied 10% to 100% of container 20 lower surface Between change; When the motion that described jet surface processing produces was static, the quantity of bullet 22 occupied appearance 25～35% of device 20 lower surface;
Its special equipment: comprise bullet 22, described bullet 22 is fully spherical, has definite Size, speed and quantity; Also comprise container, fixed part, cyclic spray device 50, retracting device 40 and apply machinery and/or thermal stress device, wherein: pending metal parts 10 and fixed part 21 Link to each other, consist of a wall of container 20, bullet 22 is by cyclic spray device 50 in container 20 Drive, repeatedly clash into metal parts 10 surfaces with variable incidence angle and contact cyclic spray device 50 Carry out with a plurality of incidence angles on an identical striking face for making 22 pairs of metal parts 10 surfaces of bullet The device of multiple impact; The retracting device 40 of reusing bullet 22 is installed on the container 20; The institute State and apply machinery and/or the thermal stress device is installed on the metal parts 10 or in the container 20;
Described cyclic spray device 50 comprises spout 51, flexible element 54, and spout 51 places container 20 In, be connected air compressing mechanism or turbine 55 with air compressor or turbine 55 by flexible element 54 A power is provided, makes bullet 22 through flexible element 54, by spout 51 realization injections; Air pressure The another port of contracting machine or turbine 55 communicates with retracting device 40; Spout 51 and flexible element 54 it Between be provided with rotating shaft 52, when bullet 22 bump metal parts 10 surface, at A, B incidence angle model Enclosing interior spout 51 realizes pivoting; The rotating shaft 52 of described spout 51 is installed in to be parallel to and waits to locate Reason metal parts 10 surfaces, carry out at C and D both direction or perpendicular to the G direction of C, D On the movable component 53 of translation; The cyclic spray device 50 that bullet 22 is moved adopts ultrasonic Wave producer 50 ', be installed in below the container 20, the retracting device 40 of reusing bullet 22 by The cavity of container 20 consists of; Also comprise the heater to metal parts 10 integral body or local heat, Be installed on the metal parts 10 or in the container 20; The pending district that also comprises pair of metal part 10 The cooling device of Local cooling is carried out in the territory, is installed on the metal parts 10 or in the container 20; Described following Ring spray injection device 50 adopts air compressor or turbine 55, and its duration and speed are adjustable; Described The supersonic generator 50 that the circulation spray apparatus adopts ', its duration, frequency and amplitude are adjustable; Also Comprise between the pending metal parts 10 relative wallboards with it in surface of capable of regulating or the spout 51 apart from d's Adjusting device; Between described pending metal parts 10 surfaces and the spout 51 apart from d be 4～40mm; Between metal parts 10 surfaces and the container 20 interior opposite wallboards is 4～5mm apart from d; The nanostructured skin depth that described bullet is wished by the user adopts fully spherical, and its diameter keeps Between 300 μ m～3mm; Described Projectile Motion speed is 3～100 meter per seconds; When the spray of described surface Penetrate and process when adopting supersonic generator, described Projectile Motion speed is 5～20 meter per seconds; For determining The described jet surface of material of bullet size, definite constituent part duration of processing 30 Between 1300 seconds; When the motion of described cyclic spray device 50 is static, described bullet 22 Quantity occupy container 20 lower surface 10% to 100% between; When described cyclic spray device 50 Motion when static, the quantity of described bullet 22 occupies 25～35% of container 20 lower surface; The institute State container 20, bullet 22, metal parts 10, fixed part 21, retracting device 40, cyclic spray Device 50 is enclosed in the sound insulation cavity 25.
Embodiment 1
Carry out surface treatment at metal parts, to obtain one deck nanostructured, concrete steps are:
1) pending metal parts is applied mechanical stress and/or thermal stress; Its stress value is less than gold The yield stress that belongs to part material;
2) in the duration of determining, with the speed of determining, definite distance, identical rum point, Incidence angle variable and limit quantity and can for a long time reusable complete spherical bullet at pending metal Carry out a kind of inject process on all surfaces of part;
3) along with the movement of rum point, repeatedly carry out step 2), in order to make rum point covering metal zero The whole pending surface of part;
Its special equipment: as shown in Figure 1, in a sound insulation cavity 25, comprise bullet 22, institute State bullet 22 for fully spherical, have definite size, speed and quantity; Also comprise container 20, Fixed part 21, cyclic spray device 50, retracting device 40, wherein: pending metal parts 10 Link to each other with fixed part 21, consist of a wall of container 20, bullet 22 is by following in container 20 Ring spray injection device 50 drives, repeatedly clash into metal parts 10 surfaces with incidence angle variable and contact, and follows Ring spray injection device 50 be can to metal parts 10 surfaces, on an identical striking face with a plurality of incidents The device of multiple impact is carried out at the angle; Reusing bullet 22 installs the retracting device 40 of bullet 22 On container 20; Present embodiment container 20 is cup;
Described cyclic spray device 50 comprises spout 51, flexible element 54, and spout 51 places container 20 In, be connected air compressing mechanism or turbine with air compressing mechanism or turbine 55 by flexible element 54 55 provide a power, make bullet 22 through flexible element 54, by spout 51 realization injections; Empty The another port of air compressor structure or turbine 55 communicates with retracting device 40; At spout 51 and flexible Be provided with rotating shaft 52 between the part 54, when bullet 22 bump metal parts 10 surface, at A, B Spout 51 is realized pivoting in the ranges of incidence angles, and the selection of described A, B ranges of incidence angles should make spray The all surfaces of the bullet 22 energy covering metal parts 10 of penetrating; Revolving of the described spout 51 of present embodiment Rotating shaft 52 be installed in the surface that is parallel to pending metal parts 10, can C and D both direction and Carry out on the G direction perpendicular to C, D on the movable component 53 of translation; In order to cover whole surface, It can carry out aspectant movement with the surface of metal parts 10 according to the track of complications, is moving It has further changed bullet 22 spurting into respect to pending metal parts 10 surfaces in the moving process Firing angle is implemented in same rum point, with the injection of incidence angle variable, in order to metal parts 10 is existed Produce plastic deformation on the random direction, and form at a certain temperature nanostructured.
When hope obtains from tens during to the nanostructured top layer of a hundreds of micron thickness, present embodiment is treated The surface treatment of processing metal parts 10 is to carry out under the external heat stress state, its heating-up temperature control Below the temperature that metal parts or alloy grain are grown up. Be specially: at pending gold The upper and lower surface that belongs to part 10 is carried out heat treated with different temperature T 1, T2, through like this heating The temperature difference of rear generation makes material internal produce a thermal stress, under described thermal stress effect, is subjected to bullet Can obtain the identical nanometer crystal microstructure of thickness on metal parts 10 surfaces of ball 22 bumps, perhaps Obtain the different nanometer crystal microstructure of thickness in the part, its heater can be utilize radiation, conduction or The firing equipment of convection current is installed in it on metal parts 10 or in container 20 or other container 20 outside.
The present invention by the principle that spray to generate nanostructured be make by air projection nozzle 51 fully spherical Bullet 22 move; Spout 51 is installed in 20 li in a container, by flexible element 54 and sky Air compressor or turbine 55 link to each other, and are provided with rotating shaft 52 between spout 51 and flexible element 54, from Rotating shaft 52 really allocation begins, and spout 51 is realized pivoting at A and B angle direction, Wherein the angular range of A and B direction has comprised and can make thrum ball 22 strike pending metal parts The angle of 10 all surfaces; Therefore, in motion process, bullet 22 can be according to different and become The incident direction of changing is repeatedly clashed into each point on metal parts 10 surfaces, and each bump all can be at gold The crystal grain of genus or alloy is inner to produce plastic deformation, and forms a crystalline orientation at random, metal Recrystallization takes place in the surfacing of part 10 at a certain temperature; The present invention protects metal parts 10 Hold original position, by translation and the rotation of fixed part 21 realization spouts 51, with fixed part 21 Adjust spout 51 to the distance on metal parts 10 surfaces, adjusting range is at 4～40mm; In order to hold Use the bullet of lesser amt in the cavity of device 20, returning fast of bullet 22 also is housed in the container 20 Receive, opening up retracting device 40, its spatial form is taper shape or hemispherical; Because of bullet 22 Gravity be conducive to reclaim, the outlet 200 that is arranged in this zone can be by 54 of flexible elements Bullet 22 is guided spout 51 into.
According to the present invention, the technology that forms nanostructured can be improved by three kinds of methods:
At first, the bullet 22 for clashing into pending metal parts 10 surfaces of selection should be complete ball Shape, have high-quality and limit quantity, for example, select the steel ball of rolling bearing. According to bullet Quality, limit the quantity of bullet by the Rapid Circulation injection apparatus 50 of a shot blasting.
Steel (or using other material) bullet 22 that uses global shape can be avoided concentrated the sending out of stress Give birth to and damage in pending part generation. Therefore adopt method of the present invention, during the projectile impact material Can produce at material surface and form the required plastic deformation of nanostructured, repeat moulding of all directions The property distortion can make the crystallite dimension of metal be reduced to nanoscale.
Secondly, the special equipment of the inventive method can constantly change spurt into firing angle with reach obtain with The effect that the machine incidence angle is processed adopts cyclic spray device 50 since a fixing point, along various Injection direction is inswept whole metal parts 10 surfaces, present embodiment spout 51 and flexible element 54 it Between be provided with rotating shaft 52, determine positions from rotating shaft 52, spout 51 is at A and B angle model Enclose interior realization and pivot, make bullet 22 can clash into metal parts 10 all surfaces; At container 20 Middle bullet 22 is driven by cyclic spray device 50, can realize form and metal zero with variable incident angle Contact is clashed on the surface of part 10 repeatedly.
Traditional bead method can not obtain the nanostructured top layer of adequate thickness. In fact, pass The bead method of system is come shot blasting by means of spray gun, and bullet can not make immediately again when processing With, so used ball is second-rate, whether fully special spherical bullet easily causes material damage. In addition, the injection direction of bullet 22 is invariable, can't realize the plastic deformation on all directions. It should be noted that has a bullet recovery system in all traditional shot blasting equipments, although bullet The quantity of ball a lot (tens to the hundreds of kilograms), but can not use at once. Like this, treatment temperature just Not necessarily suitable. Retracting device 40 of the present invention leads to cyclic spray device 50 through container 20 bottoms, and is real Showed the automatic recovery of bullet and reused immediately.
In addition, the present invention adopts and spray the place when adding mechanical stress and/or thermal stress Reason can obtain several nanostructured top layers to the hundreds of micron thickness. Present embodiment is that external heat should The power processing scheme.
Result of implementation shows:
The present invention carries out Surface Machining to metal parts 10 under the state of no applied stress, can obtain Nanostructured top layer with 20 to 50 μ m thickness. For different metals (as iron, titanium, aluminium, Copper, niobium, cobalt etc. and alloy material thereof, the selection of different parameters in the inventive method:
The distance that the relative spout with it in described metal parts 10 surfaces is 51 is 4～40mm; Described bullet The diameter of ball 22: in the scope of 300 μ m to 3mm, select; When the motion by cyclic spray When static, the quantity of bullet 22 occupy container 20 lower surface 10% to 100% between; The surface The duration of processing: between 30～1300 seconds; Velocity of shot is 3～100 meter per seconds.
The different required duration of bullet 22 sizes are not identical, and the duration is more long, nanostructured The thickness on top layer is just more big, until the nanostructured skin depth is increased to when no longer changing, just reaches full With duration. Obtaining of nanostructured skin depth determined value of the present invention can be passed through experience, or It is the mathematical simulation by the material of given metal parts 10. Yet, when the duration greater than nanometer Structural table layer thickness determined value is during the corresponding saturated duration, and the thickness on nanostructured top layer will Reduce, this phenomenon is because bullet 22 has hindered at pending metal parts 10 lip-deep bumps Its material heat radiation causes, and in other words from some boundary lines, the increase of metal grain size is exactly The result of fuel factor;
Form the nanostructured method according to the present invention and select parameter, its general principle is the moving of bullet 22 Can be more big, it is just more high to produce stress level in the material deep layer. By lip-deep at metal parts 10 The kinetic energy that discharges during bump and bullet 22 produce heating and cause that machinery is strong with the bump of metal parts 10 The variation definable of degree goes out the upper limit of kinetic energy.
In order to obtain very big nanostructured top layer or to reduce the duration of processing, the present invention can optimize Other parameter. For example: by bullet 22 surface that kinetic energy is sent to metal parts 10 is realized During surface treatment, the hardness of bullet 22 plays an important role. In addition, further improvement of the present invention is, Spout 51 can be fixed, but metal parts 10 is rotatable, purpose by at random with different directions on Bump is implemented in a processing on the point; The described metal parts 10 of present embodiment also can be installed in container 20 A wall on.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
When hope obtains from tens during to the nanostructured top layer of a hundreds of micron thickness, present embodiment is treated The surface treatment of processing metal parts 10 is to carry out adding under the mechanical stress state.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, 2B, added should for the surface of the pending metal parts 10 of the present invention is in Under the state of power, adopt a kind of fixed part 21 that metal parts 10 is tightened up. Its fixed part 21 Be made of a base plate 21.2, pressing plate bump joint 21.1 is contained on the base plate 21.2, metal parts 10 Nestle up on the protection cushion block 21.3 that is inserted between part 10 and the base plate 21.2, pass base plate 21.2 Give by ring flange 21.2 solid with the through hole A21.21 of cushion block 21.3 and the bar 21.4 of B21.31 Fixed metal parts 10 firmly applies a power, and described through hole A21.21 place is provided with screw thread, bar 21.4 Obtain described pressure when tightening installation with through hole A21.21 on the base plate 21.2. Then with institute State the metal parts 10 with mechanical stress and be installed on the container 20 together with fixed part 21, A wall as container 20.
The mode of the unqualified realization applied stress of the present invention, but variety of way all might be at metal Adopt simultaneously in one or more places of part 10. Therefore, can consider with a plurality of bars 21.4 many Individual place applies the nanostructured that different stress is obtained different-thickness, adopts with each some place with acquisition With the nanostructured that is directly proportional of applied stress.
Shown in Fig. 3 A, 3B, for the present invention is having the applied stress state to reduce the enforcement side of finishing equipment Case, the drawing-type applied stress device on metal parts 10 each ends might make metal parts 10 Be in the applied stress state. For example, this drawing-type applied stress device can by a upper brace 31, A lower platform 32 and three screw rod bolt 33 structures that are used for adjusting distance that separate respectively 120 ° Become, the end of metal parts 10 is connected with each platform. For example, metal parts 10 Pass each platform by entrance, and at porch and each platform close contact, use again screw fastening, Form bush structure, will insert in the container 20 with the bush structure of metal parts 10; Such as Fig. 3 B Shown in, platform be furnished with allow bullet 22 circulations and spray enter ball mouth 321; Present embodiment is being used screw During fastening metal part 10, can obtain a drawing-type applied stress at metal parts 10.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is:
Obtain desirable result on the surface be can in conjunction with adding mechanical stress and/or heat treated in the present invention With what reach. In order to be conducive to be positioned at the fragmentation of material deep layer crystal grain, the present invention also can adopt and add Mechanical stress and/or improve the method for temperature, the deep layer that makes material easier product all on all directions Give birth to plastic deformation.
Result of implementation shows:
Add in nothing under the state of mechanical stress metal parts 10 is carried out Surface Machining, the present invention is real Test the nanostructured top layer that the result has obtained to have 20 μ m thickness, applied stress and/or heating shape are being arranged Can obtain the nanostructured top layer of hundreds of micron (or bigger) thickness under the attitude. Adding stress value and carrying Choose a suitable scheme between the high-temperature, might realize the increase of nanostructured skin depth.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 3 is:
Comprise that also the pending zone of metal parts 10 carries out the device of Local cooling, be installed in container In 20 or on the metal parts 10; Present embodiment is cold to container 20 or metal parts 10 with refrigerating plant But to reduce or to eliminate sending out adverse effect thermogenetic; In fact, just as discussed previously, temperature Improving has the trend that the metal grain size is increased, and then material is difficult for cracking, so the temperature control System is moderate.
Embodiment 5
Difference from Example 1 is: the cyclic spray device 50 that bullet 22 is moved is adopted With supersonic generator 50 ', reuse the retracting device 40 of bullet 22 by the cavity of container 20 Consist of, frequency, amplitude and the duration of supersonic generator 50 ' vibration are adjustable; Ultrasonic wave takes place The sound wave of device and the interaction of bullet thereof make bullet move by direction at random, and described bullet is adopted Use up the bullet of global shape.
As shown in Figure 4, for the present invention in a sound insulation cavity 25 by supersonic generator 50 ' With the equipment schematic diagram of ultrasonic wave formation nanostructured, wherein fixed part 21 and pending metal zero The structure of part 10 is the apparatus structure type with the applied stress effect as shown in Figure 2, in this reality Executing in the example, is cup on vibrator (Sonotrode) surface of supersonic generator 50 ' employing The lower surface of container 20, the upper entrance of cup container 20 is furnished with metal parts 10 by one Fixed part 21 sealings; With regard to cup container 20, adjust metal parts with fixed part 21 10 one sides of being impacted and consist of bullet 22 emitting surfaces cup container 20 bottoms 201 it Between apart from d.
Adopt ultrasonic wave to make the principle of Projectile Motion be, press the ultrasonic of definite frequency work by one Wave producer 50 ' bullet 22 is moved, supersonic generator 50 ' speed and amplitude are determined Motion be sent to container 20; The amplitude of vibrator motion can be selected between 5 to 900 microns, this Embodiment is 300 microns; Frequency is selected between 10～40KHz, and present embodiment adopts 40KHz; When the motion that described jet surface processing produces was static, the quantity of bullet 22 occupied container 20 bottoms table 25～35% of face; Speed at the bullet 22 of 5～20 meter per seconds at the energy that obtains cup 20 motions After, on the surface of metal parts 10, each bump all can be at gold by variable incidence angle multiple impact Belong to a kind of plastic deformation of the inner generation of crystal grain of material or the alloy of part 10; Bullet 22 bump metals Part 10 and behind the degradedness, can again dropping on the wallboard of cup container 20, and according to Obtain a new speed on the random direction that physical law is determined. Wherein cup container 20 can Container by other shape replaces.
When vibration generating arrangement was supersonic generator, the vibration frequency of supersonic generator existed Select between 10～40KHz, the diameter of fully spherical bullet is according to desired nanostructured top layer Thickness is selected between 300 μ m to 3mm; For the bullet size of determining, definite formation zero The material of part, the described surface-treated duration is between 30 to 1300 seconds, specifically according to the user The thickness of the nanostructured of desired acquisition is determined. Metal parts 10 surfaces and container 20 interior opposites Distance between the wallboard is 4～5mm; When the motion of being undertaken by ultrasonic wave is static, bullet 22 Quantity occupies 30% of container 20 lower surface;
In order to obtain very big nanostructured top layer or to reduce the duration of processing, the present invention can be excellent Change other parameter. For example: when adopting the supersonic generator that bullet 22 is moved During as cyclic spray device 50, the acoustic pressure that produces by sound wave also affects the formation nanostructured Process.
Result of implementation shows:
In order to obtain the nanostructured top layer of about 20 μ m thickness, the table of pending metal parts 10 Face is exposed to bullet that diameter is approximately 3mm by ultrasonic wave and can forms in 22 times 2 to 3 minutes and receive The rice structure. Similarly, in order to obtain the nanostructured top layer of about 10 μ m thickness, need pending The surface of metal parts 10 is exposed to the bullet 22 times about 400 of diameter 300 μ m by ultrasonic wave Just can obtain nanostructured second. In case of necessity, total time can prolong, or according to material behavior and want Ask shortening. For bullet 22 sizes of determining and definite material, form holding of nanostructured The continuous time can be decided by the thickness of the nanostructured of the desired acquisition of user.
Obviously, for the people that the used technology of the present invention is interested in, the invention of introduction has multiple The embodiment of other form requires describedly as the present invention, these all break away from, and invention uses Scope. Described embodiment is just showed several examples, and they can exist in conjunction with specific requirement of the present invention Adjust in certain scope, have more than and be limited on the details that provides above.
Claims (28)
1. one kind forms the nanostructure method, and it is characterized in that: carry out surface treatment on metal parts, to obtain one deck nanostructure, concrete steps are:
1) pending metal parts is applied mechanical stress and/or thermal stresses; Its stress value is the yielding stress less than the metal parts material;
2) in the time length of determining, with speed, definite distance, identical rum point, incidence angle variable and the qualification quantity determined and can on all surfaces of pending metal parts, carry out a kind of inject process by for a long time reusable complete spherical bullet;
3) along with the moving of rum point, carry out step 2 repeatedly) so that make rum point cover the whole pending surface of metal parts.
2. according to the described formation nanostructure of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that: described jet surface is handled and is adopted air compressor or turbine (55), and the power that makes the bullet motion is provided, and bullet is moved by random direction.
3. according to the described formation nanostructure of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that: described jet surface is handled and is adopted ultrasonic generator, the sound wave of ultrasonic generator and bullet is moved with the interaction of bullet by direction at random.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: in described jet surface is handled pending metal parts is carried out heat treated, its heating and temperature control is below the temperature that metal parts or alloy grain are grown up.
5. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: it is that the part cooling is carried out in the pending zone of metal parts that described jet surface is handled.
6. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: described bullet adopts complete globular by the nanostructure skin depth that the user wishes, its diameter remains between 300 μ m～3mm.
7. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: described bullet movement velocity is 3～100 meter per seconds.
8. according to claim 1 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: when described jet surface was handled the employing ultrasonic generator, described bullet movement velocity was 5～20 meter per seconds.
9. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: the time length of handling for the described jet surface of material of the bullet size of determining, definite constituent part is between 30 to 1300 seconds.
10. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: described jet surface is handled the motion that produces when static, the quantity of bullet (22) occupy container (20) lower surface 10% to 100% between change.
11. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described formation nanostructure methods, it is characterized in that: when the motion that described jet surface processing produces was static, the quantity of bullet (22) occupied 25～35% of container (20) lower surface.
12. the specific equipment according to the described formation nanostructure of claim 1 method comprises bullet (22), it is characterized in that: described bullet (22) is complete globular, has definite size, speed and quantity; Also comprise container, fixing part, cyclic spray device (50), retrieving arrangement (40) and apply machinery and/or the thermal stresses device, wherein: pending metal parts (10) links to each other with fixing part (21), constitute a wall of container (20), bullet (22) clashes into repeatedly with metal parts (10) surface by cyclic spray device (50) driving, with variable input angle and contacts in container (20), and cyclic spray device (50) carries out the device of multiple impact for making bullet (22) with a plurality of input angles on an identical impact surface to metal parts (10) surface; The retrieving arrangement (40) of reusing bullet (22) is installed on the container (20); Described apply that machinery and/or thermal stresses device are installed in that metal parts (10) is gone up or container (20) in.
13. specific equipment according to the described formation nanostructure of claim 12 method, it is characterized in that: described cyclic spray device (50) comprises spout (51), flexible element (54), spout (51) places container (20), be connected with air compressor or turbine (55) by flexible element (54), air compressing mechanism or turbine 55 provide a power, make bullet 22 through flexible element 54, by spout 51 realization injections; The another port of air compressor or turbine (55) communicates with retrieving arrangement (40); Be provided with turning axle (52) between spout (51) and flexible element (54), spout (51) is realized pivoting when bullet (22) bump metal parts (10) surface, in A, B ranges of incidence angles; The turning axle (52) of described spout (51) is installed in and is parallel to pending metal parts (10) surface, carries out on the movable component (53) of translation on C and D both direction or the G direction perpendicular to C, D.
14. according to the described specific equipment of claim 12, it is characterized in that: the cyclic spray device (50) that bullet (22) is moved adopts ultrasonic generator (50 '), be installed in below the container (20), reuse the cavity formation of the retrieving arrangement (40) of bullet (22) by container (20).
15., it is characterized in that according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments: also comprise heating unit to metal parts (10) integral body or local heating, be installed in that metal parts (10) is gone up or container (20) in.
16. according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: local refrigerative refrigerating unit is carried out in the pending zone that also comprises pair of metal part (10), be installed in that metal parts (10) is gone up or container (20) in.
17. according to the described specific equipment of claim 13, it is characterized in that: described cyclic spray device (50) adopts air compressor or turbine (55), its time length and adjustable-speed.
18. according to the described specific equipment of claim 14, it is characterized in that: the ultrasonic generator (50 ') that described circulation spray apparatus adopts, its time length, frequency and amplitude are adjustable.
19., it is characterized in that: also comprise the setting device that to adjust between relative wallboard in pending metal parts (10) surface or the spout (51) apart from d with it according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments.
20. according to claim 13 or 19 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: between described pending metal parts (10) surface and the spout (51) is 4～40mm apart from d.
21. according to claim 14 or 20 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: between metal parts (10) surface and the interior opposite of container (20) wallboard is 4～5mm apart from d.
22. according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: described bullet adopts complete globular by the nanostructure skin depth that the user wishes, its diameter remains between 300 μ m～3mm.
23. according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: described bullet movement velocity is 3～100 meter per seconds.
24. according to claim 12 or 14 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: when described jet surface was handled the employing ultrasonic generator, described bullet movement velocity was 5～20 meter per seconds.
25. according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: the time length of handling for the described jet surface of material of the bullet size of determining, definite constituent part is between 30 to 1300 seconds.
26., it is characterized in that according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments: when the motion of described cyclic spray device (50) is static, the quantity of described bullet (22) occupy container (20) lower surface 10% to 100% between.
27. according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: when the motion of described cyclic spray device (50) was static, the quantity of described bullet (22) occupied 25～35% of container (20) lower surface.
28. according to claim 12,13 or 14 described specific equipments, it is characterized in that: described container (20), bullet (22), metal parts (10), fixing part (21), retrieving arrangement (40), cyclic spray device (50) are enclosed in the sound insulation cavity (25).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0009951 | 2000-07-28 | ||
| FR0009951A FR2812286B1 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2000-07-28 | NANOSTRUCTURE GENERATION METHOD AND NANOSTRUCTURE GENERATION DEVICE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1336444A true CN1336444A (en) | 2002-02-20 |
| CN1169974C CN1169974C (en) | 2004-10-06 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011229799A Expired - Fee Related CN1169974C (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2001-07-27 | Nanometer structure forming method and special equipment therefor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1169974C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001282240A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2812286B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002010461A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101899554A (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2010-12-01 | 香港理工大学 | Improve the method and the application thereof of metal surface diffusivity |
| CN102039484A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-05-04 | 上海工程技术大学 | Low-temperature diffusion welding method for metal materials |
| CN104878176A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-02 | 南通河海大学海洋与近海工程研究院 | Rod-shaped metal material surface self-nanocrystallization device |
| CN107338350A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-11-10 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of ultrasonic shot peening intensifying device of bore area |
| CN107488779A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-19 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of reflection type ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device of bore area |
| CN107630126A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-26 | 蔡晋 | A kind of tilting ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device |
| CN107630127A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-26 | 蔡晋 | A kind of swing type ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device |
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| CN100406584C (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2008-07-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Rotary component whose surface layer is composite nano crystal grain |
| WO2008140638A2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-11-20 | Nanodynamics, Inc. | Ultrasonic consolidated nanostructured materials and methods of manufacturing same |
| US8555965B2 (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2013-10-15 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | High frequency surface treatment methods and apparatus to extend downhole tool survivability |
| FR2976589B1 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2014-09-12 | Wheelabrator Allevard | SURFACE TREATMENT OF A METAL PIECE |
| CN108676988B (en) * | 2018-05-19 | 2020-01-14 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for preparing gradient nanocrystals of plate by pulse impact in cooperation with multidirectional rotary rolling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3438229A (en) * | 1966-04-25 | 1969-04-15 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Stress peening steel articles |
| US4100782A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1978-07-18 | Clay Robert A | Shot peening process |
| IN157173B (en) * | 1981-09-10 | 1986-02-01 | United Technologies Corp | |
| FR2689431B1 (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1995-10-20 | Teknoson | METHOD AND DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR ULTRASONIC HARDENING OF METAL PARTS. |
| GB9404268D0 (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1994-04-20 | Univ Nottingham | Surface treatment of shape memory alloys |
-
2000
- 2000-07-28 FR FR0009951A patent/FR2812286B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-07-27 WO PCT/FR2001/002481 patent/WO2002010461A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-07-27 AU AU2001282240A patent/AU2001282240A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-27 CN CNB011229799A patent/CN1169974C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101899554A (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2010-12-01 | 香港理工大学 | Improve the method and the application thereof of metal surface diffusivity |
| CN102039484A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-05-04 | 上海工程技术大学 | Low-temperature diffusion welding method for metal materials |
| CN104878176A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-02 | 南通河海大学海洋与近海工程研究院 | Rod-shaped metal material surface self-nanocrystallization device |
| CN104878176B (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-02-22 | 南通河海大学海洋与近海工程研究院 | Rod-shaped metal material surface self-nanocrystallization device |
| CN107630126A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-26 | 蔡晋 | A kind of tilting ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device |
| CN107488779A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-19 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of reflection type ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device of bore area |
| CN107338350A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-11-10 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of ultrasonic shot peening intensifying device of bore area |
| CN107630127A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-26 | 蔡晋 | A kind of swing type ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device |
| CN107630127B (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-08-13 | 蔡晋 | A kind of swing type ultrasonic shot peening strengthening device |
| CN109249317A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-22 | 中南大学 | A kind of ultrasonic shot peening efficient uniform processes the system and application method in various type faces |
| CN109249317B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-09-01 | 中南大学 | System for efficiently and uniformly processing various molded surfaces by ultrasonic shot blasting and use method |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002010461A1 (en) | 2002-02-07 |
| FR2812286A1 (en) | 2002-02-01 |
| AU2001282240A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
| FR2812286B1 (en) | 2003-03-07 |
| CN1169974C (en) | 2004-10-06 |
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