CN109249317B - System for efficiently and uniformly processing various molded surfaces by ultrasonic shot blasting and use method - Google Patents

System for efficiently and uniformly processing various molded surfaces by ultrasonic shot blasting and use method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109249317B
CN109249317B CN201811024144.5A CN201811024144A CN109249317B CN 109249317 B CN109249317 B CN 109249317B CN 201811024144 A CN201811024144 A CN 201811024144A CN 109249317 B CN109249317 B CN 109249317B
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shot blasting
workpiece
amplitude transformer
connecting piece
vibration amplitude
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CN109249317A (en
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唐进元
赵久越
陈雪林
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/04—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other stationary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
    • B24C9/006—Treatment of used abrasive material

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for efficiently and uniformly processing various molded surfaces by ultrasonic shot blasting, which comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism, a workbench, a first connecting piece, a first vibration amplitude transformer, a mixer, a shot blasting filling device, an air injection mechanism, a driving mechanism and a control system, wherein the first connecting piece, the first vibration amplitude transformer, the mixer, the shot blasting filling device, the air injection mechanism, the driving mechanism and the control system are arranged on the workbench; the first vibration horn is provided with a pair of first piezoelectric actuators which are opposite in position; the mixer is positioned above the first vibration amplitude transformer and used for mixing compressed gas with shot blasting, the shot blasting is sprayed to the end surface of the first vibration amplitude transformer, and the shot blasting processes a workpiece below after the shot blasting is rebounded and accelerated by the end surface; the workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a second connecting piece and a second vibration amplitude transformer, wherein the second vibration amplitude transformer is provided with a second piezoelectric actuator and can generate axial-bending-torsion coupling vibration. The invention can improve the shot blasting speed, and can uniformly process the workpiece at high speed under the vibration action of the second vibration amplitude transformer, thereby realizing the high-efficiency processing of the workpiece.

Description

System for efficiently and uniformly processing various molded surfaces by ultrasonic shot blasting and use method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shot blasting, in particular to a system for efficiently and uniformly processing various molded surfaces by ultrasonic shot blasting and a using method thereof.
Background
At present, the ultrasonic shot blasting method is widely used in various surface treatment processes of workpieces, can obviously reduce the residual stress on the surfaces of the workpieces, improve the fatigue strength of the workpieces, and is helpful for forming convex-concave joint surfaces for high-strength connection or lubrication connection. However, due to the limitation of the realization principle of ultrasonic shot blasting, the speed of shot blasting, the precision control of a processing area and the uniformity of processing are difficult to control, the ultrasonic shot blasting forms a surface generally as shown in fig. 1, a large concave surface is difficult to process on the surface of a workpiece, the relatively large concave surface is more favorable for improving the fatigue resistance of the surface of the workpiece, a medium with a relatively large diameter is low in processing speed, the large concave surface is difficult to process, the shot blasting operation is not facilitated, the surface treatment is not uniform, and an acute angle exists at the joint of the concave surface and the convex surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above technical problem at least to some extent. Therefore, the invention provides a system for efficiently and uniformly processing various profiles by ultrasonic shot blasting with high shot blasting speed and uniform surface treatment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a system for efficiently and uniformly processing various profiles by ultrasonic shot blasting comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism, a workbench, a first connecting piece, a first vibration amplitude transformer, a mixer, a shot blasting filling device, an air injection mechanism, a driving mechanism and a control system, wherein the first connecting piece, the first vibration amplitude transformer, the mixer, the shot blasting filling device, the air injection mechanism, the driving mechanism and the control system are arranged on the workbench; one end of the first vibration amplitude transformer is embedded into the first connecting piece, the other end of the first vibration amplitude transformer is provided with an end face for rebounding and shot blasting, the first vibration amplitude transformer is provided with a pair of first piezoelectric actuators which are opposite in position, the two first piezoelectric actuators are arranged at intervals along the direction vertical to the axis of the first vibration amplitude transformer, and the first piezoelectric actuators are connected with an ultrasonic generator; the gas injection mechanism is used for flushing compressed gas into the mixer; the shot blasting filling device is used for sending shot blasting into the mixer; the mixer is positioned above the first vibration amplitude transformer and used for mixing compressed gas with shot blasting, the shot blasting is sprayed to the end face of the first vibration amplitude transformer, and the shot blasting processes a workpiece below after the shot blasting is rebounded and accelerated by the end face; the workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a second connecting piece and a second vibration amplitude transformer, the second vibration amplitude transformer is embedded in the second connecting piece, one end of the second vibration amplitude transformer is embedded into the second connecting piece, the other end of the second vibration amplitude transformer is provided with a workpiece, the second vibration amplitude transformer is provided with a second piezoelectric actuator and can generate axial-bending-torsion coupling vibration, and the second piezoelectric actuator is connected with an ultrasonic generator; the driving mechanism is used for driving a workpiece to feed, and the second connecting piece is arranged on the driving mechanism; the control system is connected with the air injection mechanism, the ultrasonic generator and the driving mechanism to control the work of the ultrasonic generator and the driving mechanism.
Further, the second connecting piece is provided with a first inner cavity with a polygonal section; the second vibration amplitude transformer is inserted into the first inner cavity; the second vibration amplitude transformer comprises a first matching positioning section, a first actuator mounting section, a third connecting piece mounting section, a second actuator mounting section, a fourth connecting piece mounting section and a workpiece mounting section which are sequentially arranged, and the second piezoelectric actuator comprises a pair of third piezoelectric actuators and a pair of fourth piezoelectric actuators; the first matching positioning section and the workpiece mounting section are positioned at two ends of the second vibration amplitude transformer, the first matching positioning section is connected with the bottom of the first inner cavity in a matching way, and the workpiece mounting section is used for mounting a workpiece; the two third piezoelectric actuators are oppositely arranged on the first actuator mounting section, and a third connecting piece is mounted between the third connecting piece mounting section and the inner wall of the first inner cavity to transmit torque; the two third piezoelectric actuators are arranged on the second actuator mounting section in a crossed manner; the fourth connecting piece installation section is provided with a first groove, a fourth connecting piece is installed between the first groove and the inner wall of the first inner cavity, the fourth connecting piece is fixedly connected with the second connecting piece, the outer ring of the cross section of the fourth connecting piece is a polygon matched with the first inner cavity, the inner ring of the cross section of the fourth connecting piece is circular, and the fourth connecting piece installation section is provided with groove holes which are uniformly distributed around an axis and obliquely arranged.
Further, the first connecting piece is provided with a second inner cavity; the first vibration amplitude transformer is inserted into the second inner cavity; the first vibration amplitude transformer comprises a second matching positioning section, a fifth connecting piece mounting section, a third actuator mounting section, a sixth connecting piece mounting section and a shot blasting action section which are sequentially arranged; the second matching positioning section and the shot blasting action section are positioned at two ends of the first vibration amplitude transformer, the second matching positioning section is connected with the bottom of the second inner cavity in a matching way, and the outer end surface of the shot blasting action section is used for rebounding shot blasting; a fifth connecting piece is arranged between the fifth connecting piece mounting section and the inner wall of the second inner cavity; the first piezoelectric actuator is mounted at a third actuator mounting section; the sixth connecting piece mounting section is provided with a second groove, a sixth connecting piece is mounted between the second groove and the inner wall of the second inner cavity, and the sixth connecting piece is fixedly connected with the first connecting piece.
The shot blasting machine further comprises a shot blasting recycling mechanism and a shot blasting conveying mechanism, wherein the shot blasting recycling mechanism is used for collecting shot blasted by the mixer and processed on a workpiece, and the shot blasting conveying mechanism is connected with the shot blasting recycling mechanism and can send the shot blasted collected by the shot blasting recycling mechanism into the shot blasting filling device again.
Further, second inner chamber bottom is provided with circular recess, and circular recess department installs the fourth gasket, fourth gasket outer end is provided with conical recess, second cooperation positioning section matches and inserts with conical recess and installs in conical recess.
Further, the mixer comprises an air passage and a shot blasting addition passage, the air passage is arranged towards the end face of the outer end of the first vibration amplitude transformer, the tail end of the shot blasting addition passage is communicated with the middle of the air passage, the air injection mechanism is used for injecting compressed air into the air passage, and the shot blasting filling device is used for sending shot blasting into the shot blasting addition passage.
Further, the included angle between the air passage and the horizontal direction is a first angle, the included angle between the air passage and the shot blasting addition passage is a second angle, the first angle is 15-30 degrees, and the second angle is 30-45 degrees.
The shot blasting machine further comprises a guide cylinder, wherein the guide cylinder is conical, and the guide cylinder is arranged on a shot blasting path between the workpiece and the shot blasting action section.
The invention also provides a use method of the system for efficiently and uniformly machining various molded surfaces based on the ultrasonic shot blasting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, a workpiece is arranged on a workpiece clamping mechanism of a workbench;
step two, simultaneously starting the air injection mechanism and the shot blasting filling device, simultaneously spraying high-pressure air mixed with shot blasting from the mixer to a circular area on the end face of the tail end of the first vibration amplitude transformer, wherein the circular area is centered on the axis of the first vibration amplitude transformer, simultaneously starting a corresponding ultrasonic generator, realizing axial vibration by the first vibration amplitude transformer under the excitation of ultrasonic frequency electric energy provided by the first piezoelectric actuator, realizing axial-bending-torsional coupling vibration by the second vibration amplitude transformer under the action of the second piezoelectric actuator, transmitting the vibration to a workpiece, and processing the surface of the workpiece after the shot blasting is accelerated by the rebound and vibration of the first vibration amplitude transformer;
under the control of the control system and the drive of the driving mechanism, the workpiece moves uniformly according to the contour of the surface to be processed, so that the uniform processing of the processed surface is realized;
and step four, stopping the system after the machining surface of the workpiece is completely machined.
Further, in the middle of the third step and the fourth step, in order to achieve more uniform surface processing, a guide cylinder is arranged on a shot blasting rebounding path between the workpiece and the first vibration amplitude transformer, after the workpiece is processed by shot blasting for one time, an outlet of the guide cylinder is attached to a surface to be processed of the workpiece, so that the shot blasting collides with the workpiece and then stays in the guide cylinder, and the acting force of the subsequent shot blasting is transmitted to the shot blasting attached to the surface of the workpiece and finally acts on the surface of the workpiece, so that uniform processing of smaller acting force on the surface of the workpiece is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the first vibration amplitude transformer generates axial vibration by utilizing the piezoelectric actuating generator, and the axial vibration accelerates the rebound of shot blasting, so that the high-speed ultrasonic shot blasting of a working medium with a larger diameter is realized; under the action of the second vibration amplitude transformer, the workpiece can generate axial-bending-torsional coupling vibration, so that various molded surfaces of the workpiece are in contact with shot blasting at various angles, the surface treatment is more uniform, and acute angles at the joint of the concave surface and the convex surface can be avoided.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a topographical map of an ultrasonically-vibrated shot-peened surface topography;
FIG. 2 is a vector diagram of ultrasonic peening velocity;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a first vibration horn;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of a connection structure of a fifth connection member, a first piezoelectric actuator and a first clamp spring;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of the second connecting member to the second horn;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a torsional non-resonant vibration generation principle of the second vibratory horn;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the connection of the second connecting member, the third connecting member and the second horn.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 3, the system for efficiently and uniformly processing various profiles by ultrasonic shot blasting comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism 8, a workbench 9, a first connecting piece 1, a first vibration amplitude transformer 2, a mixer 3, a shot blasting filling device 4, an air injection mechanism 5, a driving mechanism 91 and a control system, wherein the first connecting piece 1, the first vibration amplitude transformer 2, the mixer 3, the shot blasting filling device 4, the air injection mechanism 5 and the control system are arranged on the workbench 9; one end of the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 is embedded into the first connecting piece 1, the other end of the first vibration amplitude transformer is provided with an end face for rebounding shot blasting, the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 is provided with a pair of first piezoelectric actuators 6 which are opposite in position, the two first piezoelectric actuators 6 are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the first vibration amplitude transformer 2, and the first piezoelectric actuators 6 are connected with an ultrasonic generator; the gas injection mechanism 5 is used for flushing compressed gas into the mixer 3; the shot-peening device 4 is used for feeding shot into the mixer 3; the mixer 3 is positioned above the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 and used for mixing compressed gas with shot blasting, the shot blasting is sprayed to the end face of the first vibration amplitude transformer 2, and the shot blasting processes a workpiece below after the shot blasting is rebounded and accelerated through the end face; the workpiece clamping mechanism 8 comprises a second connecting piece 81 and a second vibration amplitude transformer 82, the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 is embedded in the second connecting piece 81, one end of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 is embedded in the second connecting piece 81, the other end of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 is provided with a workpiece 8261, the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 is provided with a second piezoelectric actuator and can generate axial-bending-torsion coupling vibration, and the second piezoelectric actuator is connected with an ultrasonic generator; the driving mechanism 91 is used for driving a workpiece to feed, and the second connecting piece 82 is arranged on the driving mechanism 91; the control system is connected with the air injection mechanism 5, the ultrasonic generator and the driving mechanism 91 to control the work of the ultrasonic generator and the driving mechanism.
In order to recover and reuse the shot, the system further includes a shot-peening mechanism 41 and a shot-peening mechanism 42, and the shot-peening mechanism 42 is connected to and disposed between the shot-peening mechanism 41 and the shot-peening device 4. The shot peening mechanism 41 is used for collecting shot peen ejected from the mixer 3 and processed on the workpiece 8, and the shot peening mechanism 42 is connected to the shot peening mechanism 41 and can send the shot peen collected by the shot peening mechanism 41 to the shot peening device 4 again. In order to prevent the shot from being scattered too much after shot peening and difficult to collect, it is preferable that the shot peening stage 26 of the first vibration horn 2, the mixer 3, and the workpiece 8 are all in one closed space, and the shot peening recovery mechanism 41 is provided at the bottom of the closed space, but the table 9 may be provided in the closed space. The shot recycling mechanism 41 and the shot conveying mechanism 42 belong to the common technology in the field of shot blasting, for example, patent CN201320804805.2 discloses a shot recycling device of a numerical control shot blasting machine, and the shot filling device 4 is only a shot feeding mechanism, for example, the shot filling device 4 can be a hopper, the bottom of the hopper is provided with a valve, the bottom of the hopper is communicated with the shot feeding channel 32, shot can fall from the hopper and enter the mixer 3, the shot conveying mechanism 42 conveys shot into the hopper, the valve can be a manual valve or an electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic valve can be connected with a control system, and automatic filling control of shot blasting can be realized, of course, the shot feeding mechanism belongs to the common prior art in the field of shot blasting, and can be selected correspondingly according to needs, and is not limited here. In addition, the driving mechanism 91 can also have various forms, when simple revolving body parts are processed, such as conical gears, stepped shafts and other parts, the driving mechanism 91 can be a motor, the motor is fixed on the workbench 9, the output shaft is vertically arranged upwards, the output shaft is connected with the second connecting piece 81 through a coupler or other intermediate connecting structures, the motor drives the second connecting piece 81 and the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 to rotate and drives the conical gears or the stepped shafts arranged on the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 to uniformly rotate around the axis of the conical gears or the stepped shafts, uniform processing of conical surfaces or cylindrical surfaces can be realized, if workpieces are required to move up and down to adjust the processing positions, a lifting driving mechanism can be superposed to adjust the positions of the workpieces. Of course, in order to process more kinds of workpieces, the driving mechanism 91 may be a multi-axis linkage driving structure of a machine tool machining center, the form of the multi-axis linkage is already in the mature prior art in the field of machine tools, and the selectable kinds are various and are not limited specifically here.
The first connecting piece 1 is made of high manganese steel, and the first connecting piece 1 is located above the workbench 9, is fixed to the workbench 9, and can be directly fixedly connected with the workbench 9 or fixedly connected through an intermediate structure.
The first connecting piece 1 is provided with a second inner cavity 11, and the second inner cavity 11 extends along the axis of the outer ring of the second connecting piece. The first vibration amplitude transformer 2 is inserted in the second inner cavity 11, and the axis of the first vibration amplitude transformer coincides with the axis of the outer ring of the first connecting piece 1 or the second inner cavity 11. The cross section of the second cavity 11 may be circular or diagonal, and in order that the first vibration horn 2 does not rotate freely, the cross section of the second cavity 11 in this embodiment is polygonal for transmitting and receiving the torsion moment, and preferably, the cross section of the second cavity 11 is regular hexagon, and the rigidity of the second cavity can be kept to be maximum when the external conditions are certain.
The first vibration amplitude transformer 2 is made of titanium alloy, so that the material loss in the working frequency is low, the fatigue resistance is high, the acoustic impedance is low, and the first vibration amplitude transformer can bear larger vibration speed and displacement amplitude. The first vibration amplitude transformer 2 in the shape of the ladder has great stress concentration at the sudden change position of the section, and the problem of fracture due to fatigue is easy to occur at the position close to the sudden change position, so that the stress concentration value can be reduced by adopting transition of a Gaussian curve, an arc and a conical line at the sudden change position.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first vibration horn 2 includes a second fitting positioning section 21, a second connecting section 22, a fifth connector mounting section 23, a third actuator mounting section 24, a sixth connector mounting section 25, and a peening section 26, which are sequentially provided in this order. The second connecting section 22, the fifth connector mounting section 23, the third actuator mounting section 24, and the sixth connector mounting section 25 are each cylindrical. The second matching positioning section 21 and the shot blasting action section 26 are positioned at two ends of the first vibration amplitude transformer 2, and the shot blasting action section 26 is used for rebounding and accelerating shot blasting. The second matching positioning section 21 is connected with the bottom of the second inner cavity 11 in a matching mode, preferably, a circular groove is formed in the bottom of the second inner cavity 11, a fourth gasket 12 is installed at the circular groove, a conical groove is formed in the outer end of the fourth gasket 12, the second matching positioning section 21 is a cone and matched with the conical groove, the taper of the cone is 1:12, the second matching positioning section 21 is inserted into the conical groove, the second matching positioning section 21 and the fourth gasket 12 are used for transmitting and bearing axial loads, the fourth gasket 12 is made of glass fibers and PET and is formed by compounding the glass fibers and the PET according to a sandwich layer structure, the middle is PET, and the inner portion and the outer portion are made of the glass fibers.
In this embodiment, in order that the fifth connection member 231 can transmit torque, preferably, a polyhedral connection is used to transmit torque, an outer ring of the cross section of the fifth connection member 231 is a polygon matched with the second inner cavity 11, and the cross section of the inner ring of the cross section of the fifth connection member 231 and the cross section of the fifth connection member mounting section 23 are polygons matched with each other, and have a non-circular cross section, which can transmit torque. The fifth connecting piece 231 is fixedly connected with the first connecting piece 1, preferably, the section inner ring of the fifth connecting piece 231 and the section of the fifth connecting piece mounting section 23 are regular octagons, and the section outer ring of the fifth connecting piece 231 is a regular hexagon. Further, the connection mode of the fifth connection member 231 and the first connection member 1 is preferably that the fifth connection member 231 and the first connection member 1 are provided with corresponding bolt holes so as to be fixed and pre-tightened through bolt connection, the number of the bolts is specifically three, the bolt holes of the fifth connection member 231 are blind holes, and a second gasket adapted to the fifth connection member 231 is installed between the fifth connection member 231 and the fifth connection member installation section 23. The section of the second gasket is regular octagon, the second gasket is formed by compounding glass fiber and PET according to a sandwich layer structure, the middle part is the PET, the inner part and the outer part are the glass fiber, the second gasket has high elasticity modulus and a certain lubricating effect, and fatigue damage is not easy to generate in the process of repeatedly twisting the first vibration amplitude transformer. The shaft diameter of the fifth connecting piece mounting section 23 is 0.1-0.2mm less than that of the second connecting section 22.
The third actuator mounting section 24 has an axial diameter of about 2/3 of the fifth connector mounting section 23, and the first piezoelectric actuator 6 is mounted on the third actuator mounting section 24, the first piezoelectric actuator 6 being adapted to effect axially resonant vibration of the first vibration horn. Preferably, the fifth connector mounting section 23 and the third actuator mounting section 24 form a stepped shaft, the diameters of the second connector section 22 to the third actuator mounting section 24 are sequentially reduced, and the third actuator mounting section 24 is provided with a pair of mounting grooves at intervals in the radial direction for mounting and matching the first piezoelectric actuator 6. As shown in fig. 5, after the first piezoelectric actuator 6 is installed in the installation groove, the outer ring of the first piezoelectric actuator is provided with a first snap spring 61 for clamping and fixing, a step is arranged on the periphery of the first snap spring 61 close to the fifth connecting piece installation section 23, the step is a regular hexahedron and forms a fourth groove capable of being matched with the fifth connecting piece installation section 23 for installing the fifth connecting piece 231, so that a part of the fifth connecting piece 231 is installed on the step of the first snap spring 61, which is equivalent to the effect of clamping and fixing the first snap spring 61, so that the first piezoelectric actuator 6 is fixed more stably, and the step of the first snap spring 61 has a limiting effect on the fifth connecting piece 231.
The sixth connecting piece mounting section 25 is provided with a second groove 251, a sixth connecting piece 2511 is mounted between the second groove 251 and the inner wall of the second inner cavity 11, the sixth connecting piece 2511 is fixedly connected with the first connecting piece 1, the outer ring of the section of the sixth connecting piece 2511 is matched with the second inner cavity 11, and a circular gasket is arranged between the sixth connecting piece 2511 and the second groove 251. The fifth connecting member 231, the sixth connecting member 2511, the second washer, the circular washer and the first clamp spring 61 are made of a material having a high elastic modulus, and are fitted to the first vibration horn 2 by deformation.
The inner circle of the section of the sixth connecting element 2511 is circular, and preferably, two second grooves 251 and two sixth connecting elements 2511 are correspondingly arranged and are arranged at intervals along the axis. The vibration mode node of the first vibration horn 2 coincides with the positions of the fifth link 231 and the two sixth links 2511. During installation, the fifth connecting element 231 rotates 180 ° with one of the sixth connecting elements 2511, and the angular difference between the two sixth connecting elements 2511 is 180 °, so that the dynamic unbalance mass caused by the installation of the connecting elements is mainly reduced as much as possible.
In this embodiment, the joints of the different segments all adopt the optimal circular arc transition, and the radius R of the circular arc transition3The parameters and the amplification factor N of two adjacent rods at the joint are determined; the equivalent diameter of the first section of rod is D1Length of L1The equivalent diameter of the second section of rod is D2Length of L2。
A determination step: radius of fillet R3The size determining step is as follows:
the first step is as follows: according to
Figure GDA0002455840710000111
Solving the value of N;
the second step is that: according to
Figure GDA0002455840710000112
Solving the value A;
thirdly, checking a relation table between the optimal transition arc radius of the step-type amplitude transformer and N to obtain a beta value;
the fourth step is based on R3＝β·D1Finding R3A value;
wherein D1Is the equivalent diameter of the cross section of the hexagonal prism section, L1Length of hexagonal prism, D2Is the equivalent diameter of the cross section at the middle position of the transition section, L2And N is the amplification factor.
In order to achieve a good effect of the vibration of the peening section 26 and to ensure the transmission of axial vibrations as far as possible, a second extension 27 and a second intermediate shaft section 28 are arranged in succession between the third actuator mounting section 24 and the sixth connecting part mounting section 25. The second intermediate shaft section 28 has the largest diameter throughout the first vibration horn for further uniform transmission of axial vibrations to the sixth connector mounting section 25. The lengths of the second extension 27 and the second intermediate shaft section 28 are specifically adjusted according to actual requirements.
A third connecting section 29 is arranged between the sixth connecting piece mounting section 25 and the shot blasting action section 26, the third connecting section 29 comprises a transition section 291 and an extension section 292, the extension curve of the outer ring of the transition section 291 is a Gaussian curve, the diameter of the transition section 292 gradually decreases from the sixth connecting piece mounting section 25 to the extension section 292, and the extension section 292 is a section of cylinder.
The transition section 291 is mainly used for achieving high vibration speed of axial vibration, so that the axial vibration has higher vibration speed in a certain vibration period. The extension section 292 is mainly used for transmitting high amplitude and vibration speed to the shot blasting action section 26, so that the accelerated rebound effect of the shot blasting action section 26 on shot blasting is improved, the shot blasting speed is improved, and the shot blasting with larger mass can process the surface of a workpiece at a larger speed.
Specifically described below, the mixer 3 includes an air duct 31 and a shot peening addition duct 32, the air duct 31 is disposed toward the outer end face of the first vibration horn 2, the end of the shot peening addition duct 32 is communicated with the middle of the air duct 31, the air injection mechanism 5 is configured to inject compressed air into the air duct 31, and the shot peening filling device 4 is configured to feed shot peening into the shot peening addition duct 32. Peening filling device 4 sends the peening into the peening and adds way 32, air injection mechanism 5 simultaneously injects air flue 31 with highly compressed gas, the peening adds way 32 from the peening and gets into air flue 31 and spray away from air flue 31 along with compressed gas, the peening is speed under compressed gas's drive and is promoted by a wide margin, the peening collision is at the terminal surface of peening action section 26, the peening collision terminal surface has velocity loss if normal, but through the acceleration and the bounce-back of the axial vibration of peening action section 26, the peening obtains speed and promotes, process the workpiece surface of below. In order to intensively process a certain region of the workpiece, the system for uniformly processing various profiles at high speed by ultrasonic shot blasting further comprises a guide cylinder 7, wherein the guide cylinder 7 is conical, the guide cylinder 7 is arranged on a shot blasting path between the workpiece and the shot blasting action section 26, and the guide cylinder 7 guides shot blasting passing through a central hole of the guide cylinder so that the shot blasting can intensively process a certain region of the workpiece. The change of the speed of the shot blasting is shown in figure 2, wherein V1 is the speed of the working medium shot blasting from the mixer, V2y is the lower y-direction resultant speed of the working medium shot blasting from the mixer and the excitation speed of the first vibration amplitude rod, and V2 is the lower shot blasting speed after the first vibration amplitude rod is excited; v3y is the higher y-direction resultant velocity of the working medium shot ejected from the mixer after excitation by the first horn, and V3 is the higher shot velocity after excitation by the first horn. The speed of the shot blasting is amplified through the mixer and the first vibration amplitude transformer, so that the relatively large working medium is sprayed on the surface of the workpiece at a high speed.
Wherein, the included angle between the air passage 31 and the horizontal direction is a first angle, and the included angle between the air passage 31 and the shot blasting adding passage 32 is a second angle. In the embodiment, the first angle is 15-30 degrees, the mixer 3 is fixed on the workbench, and the angle can be adjusted according to the requirements of speed and the area of a shot blasting area; the second angle of the mixer 3 is 30-45 °; the distance between the workpiece to be processed and the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 can be kept fixed, and the interval in the period can be adjusted according to the area of the uniform processing region; uniformly moving the curved surface of the workpiece to be processed in the processing area according to the selected position and the area, and realizing the uniformity control of the processing area; the specific location of the shot in the machining zone is determined by the resultant velocity of the incident shot and the excitation velocity of the first oscillating horn. And according to the determined shot blasting ejection position, the control system controls the driving mechanism to uniformly move according to the surface to be processed of the workpiece so as to realize uniformity control of the processed surface. Wherein the shot blasting from the mixer 3 is sprayed in a circle center area of which the radius is 1-2mm and the circle center of which is the axle center of the first vibration amplitude transformer in the shot blasting action section. This is to avoid the tip of the first horn exciting the working medium to peen at a velocity other than the axial vibration velocity, affecting the uniformity of the peen work area. The first piezoelectric actuator 6 is connected with the ultrasonic generator through an electric wire, and the vibration frequency signal is transmitted through the wireless transmitter and the wireless receiver and is encoded and decoded by the encoding mechanism. The first piezoelectric actuator is specifically an ultrasonic transducer, and converts ultrasonic frequency electric energy generated by an ultrasonic generator into mechanical energy of ultrasonic vibration, so that the first vibration amplitude transformer realizes axial vibration. The first vibration horn 2 is used to amplify the vibration displacement and velocity generated by the first piezoelectric actuator and concentrate ultrasonic energy on a small area to accelerate the shot. The first vibration amplitude transformer 2 realizes axial vibration under the excitation action of a pair of first piezoelectric actuators 6; the transition position of the tail end of the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 adopts Gaussian curve transition, the shot blasting action section 26 is in an inverted cone shape, and the vibration surface is enlarged, so that the bending rigidity of the first vibration amplitude transformer in the high-speed shot blasting process is improved, the deviation of shot blasting from a preset path caused by transverse vibration is reduced, and the possibility of changing the shot blasting path stiffness when the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 axially moves back is avoided; the principle of multiple Gaussian curve transition is adopted, firstly, the amplitude transformer with more Gaussian curve transition can generate higher displacement, can provide a vibration effect, provides shot blasting acceleration capability, and meets the requirement of transition from a cross section with a larger area to a cross section with a smaller area.
The second vibration horn 82 and the second link 81 are described below with reference to fig. 6, 7, and 8.
The second connecting piece 81 is made of high manganese steel, the outer ring of the second connecting piece is a regular hexahedron or a cylinder, the second connecting piece 81 is connected with the driving mechanism 91, the driving mechanism 91 drives the workpiece 8261 on the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 to uniformly feed according to the machined surface of the workpiece, and the machined surface is always vertical to the spraying speed direction of shot blasting. The second connector 81 is provided with a first inner cavity 811, the first inner cavity 811 extending along an axis of an outer ring thereof. The second vibration horn 82 is inserted into the first interior 811 with its axis coinciding with the axis of the outer race of the second connector 81 or the first interior 811. The first cavity 811 has a polygonal cross-section for transmitting and receiving a torsional moment, and preferably, the first cavity 811 has a regular hexagonal cross-section to maintain maximum rigidity when external conditions are determined.
The second vibration amplitude transformer 82 is made of titanium alloy, so that the material loss in the working frequency is low, the fatigue resistance is high, the acoustic impedance is low, and the second vibration amplitude transformer can bear larger vibration speed and displacement amplitude. The second vibration amplitude transformer 82 in the shape of the ladder has great stress concentration at the sudden change position of the section, and the problem of fracture due to fatigue is easy to occur at the position close to the sudden change position, so that a Gaussian curve, an arc and a cone line are adopted for transition at the sudden change position, the stress concentration value can be reduced, and meanwhile, the actual resonance frequency of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 is close to the theoretical value.
The second horn 82 includes a first mating positioning segment 821, a first actuator mounting segment 822, a third connector mounting segment 823, a second actuator mounting segment 824, a fourth connector mounting segment 825, and a workpiece mounting segment 826, which are sequentially arranged. The first actuator mounting section 822, the second actuator mounting section 824, the fourth connector mounting section 825 and the workpiece mounting section 826 are each cylindrical. The first matching positioning section 821 and the workpiece mounting section 826 are positioned at two ends of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82, the workpiece mounting section 826 is used for mounting a workpiece 8261, the workpiece 8261 is mounted at the outer end of the workpiece mounting section 826, and the mounting position of the workpiece 8261 is the maximum amplitude position of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82. The first matching positioning section 821 is connected with the bottom of the first inner cavity 811 in a matching mode, preferably, a circular groove is formed in the bottom of the first inner cavity 811, a third gasket 812 is installed at the circular groove, a conical groove is formed in the outer end of the third gasket 812, the first matching positioning section 821 is a cone and matched with the conical groove, the taper of the cone is 1:12, the first matching positioning section 821 is inserted into the conical groove, the first matching positioning section 821 and the third gasket 812 are used for transmitting and bearing axial loads, the third gasket is made of glass fibers and PET in a composite mode according to a sandwich layer structure, the middle is PET, and the inner portion and the outer portion are made of the glass fibers.
The second piezoelectric actuator comprises a third piezoelectric actuator 8221 and a fourth piezoelectric actuator 8241, the first actuator mounting section 822 is a cylinder, the first actuator mounting section 822 is provided with a pair of oppositely-positioned third piezoelectric actuators 8221, the two third piezoelectric actuators 8221 are arranged at the end part close to the third connector mounting section 823 and are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the axis of the second vibration amplitude transformer, the third piezoelectric actuators 8221 are connected to the first actuator mounting section 822 through bolts, and the third piezoelectric actuators 8221 are used for realizing the resonant bending vibration of the second vibration amplitude transformer.
Third connecting piece 8231 is installed between third connecting piece installation section 823 and first inner chamber 811 inner wall, the outer lane of third connecting piece 8231 cross-section is the polygon that matches with first inner chamber 811, third connecting piece 8231 cross-section inner circle and third connecting piece installation section 823 cross-section are the polygon that matches each other, and the cross-section is non-circular, can transmit the moment of torsion. The third connecting member 8231 is fixedly connected to the second connecting member 81, preferably, the cross-section inner ring of the third connecting member 8231 and the cross-section outer ring of the third connecting member mounting section 823 are regular octagons, and the cross-section outer ring of the third connecting member 8231 is regular hexagons. Further, the connection mode of the third connecting member and the second connecting member 81 is preferably, the third connecting member 8231 and the second connecting member 81 are provided with corresponding bolt holes so as to be fixed and pre-tightened through bolt connection, the number of the bolts is specifically three, the bolt holes of the third connecting member 8231 are blind holes, and a first washer 8232 matched with the third connecting member 8231 is installed between the third connecting member 8231 and the third connecting member installation section 823. The section of the first gasket 8232 is in a regular octagon shape, the first gasket is formed by compounding glass fibers and PET according to a sandwich layer structure, the middle of the first gasket is the PET, the inner part and the outer part of the first gasket are the glass fibers, the first gasket has high elasticity modulus and a certain lubricating effect, and fatigue damage is not easy to generate in the process of repeated torsion of the second vibration amplitude transformer.
The third connecting piece 8231 is provided with a disconnection position, the disconnection position is provided with a second gasket 8233, one end of the second gasket 8233 is in contact with the first gasket 8232, the other end of the second gasket 8233 is in contact with the second connecting piece 81, specifically, the section shape of the second gasket 8233 is formed by splicing two right-angle folding blocks in opposite directions, and the splicing position has a certain arc and an angle. This maintains a tight connection between the components while the bolt provides a compressive force toward the center. And the second gasket 8233 has a damping property capable of isolating vibrations of the second vibration horn from the drive mechanism 91, and similarly, preventing vibrations of the drive mechanism 91 from interfering with vibrations of the second vibration horn.
The second actuator mounting section 824 is mounted with a pair of fourth piezoelectric actuators 8241, the fourth piezoelectric actuators 8241 are opposite in position and are arranged at intervals in the radial direction, the fourth piezoelectric actuators 8241 are used for realizing the vibration of the axial resonance of the second vibration amplitude transformer, the two third piezoelectric actuators 8221 and the two fourth piezoelectric actuators 8241 are arranged in a crossed manner, and the crossed point is on the axis. Preferably, the third connecting member mounting section 823 and the second actuator mounting section 824 form a stepped shaft, the diameters of the first actuator mounting section 822 to the second actuator mounting section 824 are sequentially reduced, the second actuator mounting section 824 is provided with a pair of mounting grooves at intervals in the radial direction for mounting the fourth piezoelectric actuator 8241 and matching with the fourth piezoelectric actuator 8241, after the fourth piezoelectric actuator 8241 is mounted in the mounting grooves, the outer ring of the fourth piezoelectric actuator 8241 is clamped and fixed by the second clamp spring 8242, the second clamp spring 8242 is provided with a step near the outer periphery of the third connecting member mounting section 823, the step is a regular hexahedron and forms a third groove capable of matching with the third connecting member mounting section 823 for mounting the third connecting member 8231, so that a part of the third connecting member 8231 is mounted on the step of the second clamp spring 8242, which is equivalent to the clamping and fixing effect on the second clamp spring 8242, so that the fourth piezoelectric actuator 8241 is fixed more stably, and the step of the second clamp spring 8242 has a limiting effect on the third connecting piece 8231.
Fourth connecting piece installation section 825 is provided with first recess 8251, install fourth connecting piece 82511 between first recess 8251 and the first inner chamber 811 inner wall, fourth connecting piece 82511 and second connecting piece 81 fixed connection, the outer lane of fourth connecting piece 82511 cross-section is the polygon that matches with first inner chamber 811, and regular hexagon is promptly, is provided with the circular packing ring between fourth connecting piece 82511 and the first recess 8251. The third connecting member 8231, the fourth connecting member 82511, the first washer 8232, the second washer 8233, the circular washer, and the second snap spring 8242 are made of a material having a high elastic modulus, and are fitted to the second vibration horn 82 by deformation.
The cross section of the fourth connecting piece 82511 is circular, and preferably, two first grooves 8251 and two fourth connecting pieces 82511 are correspondingly arranged and are arranged at intervals along the axis. Fourth connecting piece installation section 825 is provided with axis line evenly distributed and the obliquely recess hole 8252 that sets up, recess hole 8252 is provided with two sets ofly, and every group recess hole 8252 is provided with four and axis line evenly distributed. The length of the recessed slot 8252 is the same as the length of the fourth connector mounting section 825, and the included angle between the recessed slot 8252 and the axis is 30 degrees.
Wherein the vibration mode node of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 is superposed with the positions of the third connecting piece 8231 and the two fourth connecting pieces 82511, and the workpiece 8261 is arranged at the position with the maximum bending vibration amplitude at the tail end of the second vibration amplitude transformer. When the device is installed, the third connecting piece 8231 rotates 180 degrees with one of the fourth connecting pieces 82511, the angle difference between the two fourth connecting pieces 82511 is 180 degrees, and the main purpose is to reduce the dynamic unbalance mass caused by the installation of the connecting pieces as far as possible.
In this embodiment, the joints of different segments all adopt the optimal circular arc transition, and the radius of the circular arc transition is determined by the size and the vibration amplification coefficient of the cross sections of two adjacent segments at the joints. In order to achieve good vibration effect of the workpiece mounting section 26 and ensure transmission of axial vibration as much as possible, a first extension section 827 and a first intermediate shaft section 828 are sequentially arranged between the second actuator mounting section 824 and the fourth connector mounting section 825, the diameter of the first intermediate shaft section 828 in the whole second vibration horn is the largest, and the lengths of the first extension section 827 and the first intermediate shaft section 828 are adjusted according to actual requirements. When subjected to alternating forces, some of the forces will drive the second vibration horn 82 in torsional motion, and due to the recessed bore 8252 configuration, the torsional stiffness of the fourth connector mounting section 825 is reduced to less than 1/8 of the torsional stiffness of the first extension section 827, facilitating the generation of torsional vibrations, while the axial stiffness is also reduced for the generation of axial vibrations.
A first connecting section 829 is disposed between the fourth connecting member mounting section 825 and the workpiece mounting section 826, and the outer circle of the first connecting section 829 is a gaussian curve and gradually becomes smaller in diameter from the fourth connecting member mounting section 825 to the workpiece mounting section 826. The vibration device is mainly used for achieving high vibration speed of axial vibration and bending vibration and enabling the axial vibration and the bending vibration to have higher vibration speed in a certain vibration period.
The third piezoelectric actuator 8221 and the fourth piezoelectric actuator 8241 are respectively connected with the ultrasonic generator through electric wires, the transmission of vibration frequency signals is transmitted through the wireless transmitter and the wireless receiver and is coded and decoded by the coding mechanism, and the piezoelectric actuators are specifically ultrasonic transducers which convert ultrasonic frequency electric energy generated by the ultrasonic generator into mechanical energy of ultrasonic vibration.
The second vibration horn generates axial vibration under the action of the pair of fourth piezoelectric actuators 8241, amplifies an axial amplitude value through the fourth connector mounting section 825, and amplifies a vibration speed through the first connecting section 829, so that the speed and amplitude of the axial vibration are increased.
The second vibration horn generates a bending vibration mode under the action of the pair of third piezoelectric actuators 8221, and forms faster vibration speed and amplitude in the workpiece mounting section 826 through the amplification effect of the fourth connecting member mounting section 825 and the first connecting section 829.
When the second vibration amplitude transformer receives the collision acting force of shot blasting, after the fourth connecting piece mounting section 825 receives the acting force, the transmission path of the acting force is changed under the action of the groove hole 8252, the acting force can cause the torsional motion of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82, the alternating acting force causes the repeated torsional motion of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82, and the non-resonant torsional vibration is realized. The force transmission path is shown in detail in fig. 7.
The invention also provides a use method of the system for efficiently and uniformly machining various molded surfaces based on the ultrasonic shot blasting, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, a workpiece is arranged on a workpiece clamping mechanism 8 of a workbench;
step two, simultaneously starting the air injection mechanism 5 and the shot blasting filling device 4, simultaneously spraying high-pressure air mixed with shot blasting from the mixer 3 to a circular area on the end face of the tail end of the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 by taking the axis of the first vibration amplitude transformer as the center of a circle, simultaneously starting a corresponding ultrasonic generator, realizing axial vibration by the first vibration amplitude transformer 2 under the excitation of ultrasonic frequency electric energy provided by the first piezoelectric actuator 6, realizing axial-bending-torsion coupling vibration by the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 under the action of the second piezoelectric actuator and transmitting the vibration to a workpiece 8261, and processing the surface of the workpiece at a speed V after the shot blasting is subjected to rebound and vibration acceleration by the first vibration amplitude transformer 2;
under the control of the control system and the driving of the driving mechanism 91, the workpiece moves uniformly according to the profile of the surface to be processed, so that the uniform processing of the processed surface is realized;
and step four, stopping the system after the machining surface of the workpiece is completely machined.
The workpiece is connected to the output of a second vibration horn 82 which vibrates in an axial-bending-torsional coupling. Under the action of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82, the workpiece can generate axial-bending-torsional coupling vibration, so that various profiles of the workpiece are in contact with shot blasting at various angles, the surface treatment is more uniform, and acute angles at the joint of a concave surface and a convex surface can be avoided.
After the workpiece is connected with the output end of the second vibration amplitude transformer 82, the second vibration amplitude transformer 82 connected with the workpiece vibrates the workpiece, so that the reciprocating motion of the workpiece is realized, and the relative speed between the shot blasting and the workpiece is further increased. This just makes the same concave surface that originally needs a plurality of peening figure reduce, but also can cause the concave surface indentation depth on the work piece surface that passes through high-speed peening to be darker for the concave surface edge forms too much arch with the plane junction, needs to adopt the less peening of relative velocity to process its bellying face into the concave surface, reduces the effort of peening to the work piece surface promptly, just so is favorable to improving performances such as surface fatigue strength.
Therefore, in the middle of the third step and the fourth step, in order to make the surface processing more uniform, a guide cylinder 7 is arranged on a shot blasting rebounding path between the workpiece 8261 and the first vibration amplitude transformer, after the workpiece is processed by shot blasting for one time, an outlet of the guide cylinder 7 is attached to a surface to be processed of the workpiece 8261, so that the shot blasting collides with the workpiece and then stays in the guide cylinder 7, and the workpiece can be driven by the driving mechanism 91 to move to be close to the guide cylinder 7 or the guide cylinder 7 with the corresponding length is replaced to realize that the outlet of the guide cylinder 7 is attached to the workpiece. The shot blasting can be accumulated on the surface of the workpiece, the acting force of the subsequent shot blasting can be transmitted to the shot blasting attached to the surface of the workpiece and finally acts on the surface of the workpiece, or the workpiece is processed after the shot blasting collides and the speed is reduced, so that the uniform processing of small acting force on the surface of the workpiece is realized, and after the surface to be processed of the workpiece is completely processed, the workpiece finishes all processing steps.
In the invention, the working medium is shot blasting, and in order to achieve the optimal effect of shot blasting, the mass m, the radius R and the speed v of the shot blasting of a single shot blasting are obtained according to the following formula.
Figure GDA0002455840710000221
Figure GDA0002455840710000222
Where α is the area of the desired indentation area in m2；
H is Rockwell hardness of a workpiece to be processed, and the unit is HRC;
the depth of the required concave surface area is m;
K0the coefficient of the depth of the concave area and the area of the indentation area;
rho is the density kg/m of the selected working medium (shot blast)3。
The shot is a sphere, and the mass m can be obtained from the radius R and the density ρ.
Wherein k is0Obtained by the following process in such a way that,
the relationship between the indentation area and the pressure F is:
Figure GDA0002455840710000223
from the above formula, K is0Determined by F, α, the pressure F can be obtained by indentation impact test, the unit is N, the area of the indentation area α and the indentation depth, and the K is obtained by least squares linear fitting0。
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a system for various profiles of high-efficient even processing of ultrasonic peening which characterized in that: the device comprises a workpiece clamping mechanism (8), a workbench (9), a first connecting piece (1), a first vibration amplitude transformer (2), a mixer (3), a shot blasting filling device (4), an air injection mechanism (5), a driving mechanism (91) and a control system, wherein the first connecting piece (1), the first vibration amplitude transformer, the mixer (3), the shot blasting filling device (4) and the air injection mechanism are arranged on the workbench (9);
one end of the first vibration amplitude transformer (2) is embedded into the first connecting piece (1), the other end of the first vibration amplitude transformer is provided with an end face for rebounding and shot blasting, the first vibration amplitude transformer (2) is provided with a pair of first piezoelectric actuators (6) which are opposite in position, the two first piezoelectric actuators (6) are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the first vibration amplitude transformer (2), and the first piezoelectric actuators (6) are connected with an ultrasonic generator;
the gas injection mechanism (5) is used for flushing compressed gas into the mixer (3);
the shot-peening device (4) is used for sending shot into the mixer (3);
the mixer (3) is positioned above the first vibration amplitude transformer (2) and is used for mixing compressed gas with shot blasting, the shot blasting is sprayed to the end face of the first vibration amplitude transformer (2), and the shot blasting processes a workpiece below after the end face rebounds, accelerates and accelerates;
the workpiece clamping mechanism (8) comprises a second connecting piece (81) and a second vibration amplitude transformer (82), the second vibration amplitude transformer (82) is embedded in the second connecting piece (81), one end of the second vibration amplitude transformer (82) is embedded into the second connecting piece (81), the other end of the second vibration amplitude transformer is provided with a workpiece (8261), a second piezoelectric actuator is arranged on the second vibration amplitude transformer (82) and can generate axial-bending-torsion coupling vibration, and the second piezoelectric actuator is connected with an ultrasonic generator;
the driving mechanism (91) is used for driving a workpiece (8261) to feed, and the second connecting piece (82) is installed on the driving mechanism (91);
the control system is connected with the air injection mechanism (5), the ultrasonic generator and the driving mechanism (91) to control the work of the ultrasonic generator and the driving mechanism.
2. The system for ultrasonic peening of claim 1 for efficient uniform machining of various profiles, wherein: the second connecting piece (81) is provided with a first inner cavity (811) with a polygonal section; the second vibration amplitude transformer (82) is inserted into the first inner cavity (811); the second vibration amplitude transformer (82) comprises a first matching positioning section (821), a first actuator mounting section (822), a third connector mounting section (823), a second actuator mounting section (824), a fourth connector mounting section (825) and a workpiece mounting section (826) which are sequentially arranged, and the second piezoelectric actuator comprises a third piezoelectric actuator (8221) and a fourth piezoelectric actuator (8241);
the first matching positioning section (821) and the workpiece mounting section (826) are positioned at two ends of the second vibration amplitude transformer (82), the first matching positioning section (821) is connected with the bottom of the first inner cavity (811) in a matching mode, and the workpiece mounting section (826) is used for mounting a workpiece (8261);
the two third piezoelectric actuators (8221) are oppositely arranged on the first actuator mounting section (822), and a third connecting piece (8231) is mounted between the third connecting piece mounting section (823) and the inner wall of the first inner cavity (811) to transmit torque;
the four piezoelectric actuators (8241) are arranged in two and oppositely arranged at the second actuator mounting section (824), and the two third piezoelectric actuators (8221) and the two fourth piezoelectric actuators (8241) are arranged in a cross manner;
fourth connecting piece installation section (825) are provided with first recess (8251), install fourth connecting piece (82511) between first recess (8251) and first inner chamber (811) inner wall, fourth connecting piece (82511) and second connecting piece (81) fixed connection, the outer lane of fourth connecting piece (82511) cross-section is the polygon that matches with first inner chamber (811), fourth connecting piece (82511) cross-section inner circle is circular, fourth connecting piece installation section (825) are provided with around axis evenly distributed and slant recess hole (8252) that set up.
3. The system for ultrasonic peening of claim 1 for efficient uniform machining of various profiles, wherein: the first connecting piece (1) is provided with a second inner cavity (11); the first vibration amplitude transformer (2) is inserted into the second inner cavity (11); the first vibration amplitude transformer (2) comprises a second matching positioning section (21), a fifth connecting piece mounting section (23), a third actuator mounting section (24), a sixth connecting piece mounting section (25) and a shot blasting action section (26) which are sequentially arranged;
the second matching positioning section (21) and the shot blasting action section (26) are positioned at two ends of the first vibration amplitude transformer (2), the second matching positioning section (21) is connected with the bottom of the second inner cavity (11) in a matching way, and the outer end surface of the shot blasting action section (26) is used for rebounding shot blasting;
a fifth connecting piece (231) is arranged between the fifth connecting piece mounting section (23) and the inner wall of the second inner cavity (11);
the first piezoelectric actuator (6) is mounted at a third actuator mounting section (24);
the sixth connecting piece mounting section (25) is provided with a second groove (251), a sixth connecting piece (2511) is mounted between the second groove (251) and the inner wall of the second inner cavity (11), and the sixth connecting piece (2511) is fixedly connected with the first connecting piece (1).
4. The system for ultrasonic peening of claim 1 for efficient uniform machining of various profiles, wherein: the shot blasting machine further comprises a shot blasting recovery mechanism (41) and a shot blasting conveying mechanism (42), wherein the shot blasting recovery mechanism (41) is used for collecting shot blasted by the mixer (3) and processed on a workpiece, and the shot blasting conveying mechanism (42) is connected with the shot blasting recovery mechanism (41) and can send the shot blasted by the shot blasting recovery mechanism (41) into the shot blasting filling device (4) again.
5. The system for ultrasonic peening of claim 3 for efficient uniform machining of various profiles, wherein: the bottom of the second inner cavity (11) is provided with a circular groove, a fourth gasket (12) is installed at the circular groove, a conical groove is formed in the outer end of the fourth gasket (12), and the second matching positioning section (21) is matched with the conical groove and inserted into the conical groove.
6. The system for ultrasonic peening of claim 3 for efficient uniform machining of various profiles, wherein: the mixer (3) comprises an air passage (31) and a shot blasting adding passage (32), the air passage (31) is arranged towards the end face of the outer end of the first vibration amplitude transformer (2), the tail end of the shot blasting adding passage (32) is communicated with the middle of the air passage (31), the air injection mechanism (5) is used for injecting compressed air into the air passage (31), and the shot blasting filling device (4) is used for sending shot blasting into the shot blasting adding passage (32).
7. The system for ultrasonic peening of claim 6 for efficient uniform machining of various profiles, wherein: the included angle between the air channel (31) and the horizontal direction is a first angle, the included angle between the air channel (31) and the shot blasting addition channel (32) is a second angle, the first angle is 15 degrees to 30 degrees, and the second angle is 30 degrees to 45 degrees.
8. The system for ultrasonic peening of claim 3 for efficient uniform machining of various profiles, wherein: the shot blasting machine further comprises a guide cylinder (7), wherein the guide cylinder (7) is conical, and the guide cylinder (7) is arranged on a shot blasting path between the workpiece and the shot blasting action section (26).
9. Use method of the system for the efficient and uniform machining of various profiles by ultrasonic peening according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a workpiece is arranged on a workpiece clamping mechanism (8) of a workbench;
step two, simultaneously starting the air injection mechanism (5) and the shot blasting filling device (4), spraying high-pressure air mixed with shot blasting from the mixer (3) to a circular area on the end face of the tail end of the first vibration amplitude transformer (2) by taking the axis of the first vibration amplitude transformer as the center of a circle, simultaneously starting a corresponding ultrasonic generator, realizing axial vibration by the first vibration amplitude transformer (2) under the excitation of ultrasonic frequency electric energy provided by the first piezoelectric actuator (6), realizing axial-bending-torsion coupling vibration by the second vibration amplitude transformer (82) under the action of the second piezoelectric actuator, transmitting the vibration to a workpiece (8261), and processing the surface of the workpiece after the shot blasting is accelerated by the rebound and vibration of the first vibration amplitude transformer (2);
under the control of the control system and the drive of the driving mechanism (91), the workpiece moves uniformly according to the contour of the surface to be processed;
and step four, stopping the system after the machining surface of the workpiece is completely machined.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the middle of the third step and the fourth step, in order to achieve more uniform surface processing, a guide cylinder (7) is arranged on a shot blasting rebounding path between the workpiece (8261) and the first vibration amplitude transformer, after the workpiece is processed by shot blasting for one time, an outlet of the guide cylinder (7) is attached to a surface to be processed of the workpiece (8261) so that the shot blasting collides with the workpiece and then stays in the guide cylinder (7), the acting force of subsequent shot blasting can be transmitted to the shot blasting attached to the surface of the workpiece and finally acts on the surface of the workpiece or decelerates after the shot blasting collides and then processes the workpiece, and uniform processing of small acting force on the surface of the workpiece is achieved.
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CN110695856A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-01-17 北京航空航天大学 Shot blasting method for thin-wall complex surface of aviation membrane disc
CN110666702B (en) * 2019-11-14 2021-06-22 佛山市泓天金属制品有限公司 Shot peening treatment device for metal surface
CN110724804B (en) * 2019-11-18 2023-09-26 河南理工大学 Ultrasonic-assisted vibration shot peening strengthening process method for tooth root and tooth surface
CN111941288B (en) * 2020-08-12 2022-05-24 华南理工大学 Composite shot blasting device and method utilizing kinetic energy and ultrasonic vibration of shot
CN114310679B (en) * 2021-12-21 2023-09-01 中南大学 Ultrasonic high-speed shot blasting system and method for strengthening high-strength tooth surface

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