CN104531979A - Technology for refining metal surface crystal grains by electric pulse and ultrasonic coupling - Google Patents
Technology for refining metal surface crystal grains by electric pulse and ultrasonic coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN104531979A CN104531979A CN201410806094.1A CN201410806094A CN104531979A CN 104531979 A CN104531979 A CN 104531979A CN 201410806094 A CN201410806094 A CN 201410806094A CN 104531979 A CN104531979 A CN 104531979A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for refining crystal grains by electric pulse and ultrasonic coupling. The technology comprises the following steps of guiding in pulse current by two electrodes to a to-be-treated surface of a metal element for plasticization treatment; meanwhile, selecting a central region with the pulse current effect in the to-be-treated surface as an ultrasonic peening region; and carrying out ultrasonic peening treatment sequentially on the surfaces of the ultrasonic peening region by utilizing a high-hardness peening endurance test head by ultrasonic peening equipment. According to the technology, the electric pulse and ultrasonic peening coupling act on the metal surface together, and proper softening and tissue reparation can be carried out on the metal surface dynamically in the treatment process, so that the problems of severe surface processing hardening and macroscopic surface defects due to pure ultrasonic peening treatment are overcome, and thus the surface mechanical performance of a metal component is optimized, and the use safety is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallic surface grain refinement technology, particularly a kind of electricimpulse and ultrasonic coupling carry out the technique of grain refining to metallic surface, while this technique loads high energy pulse current course on metal works, superaudible impact is carried out to surface of workpiece, make surface of workpiece form thin crystal layer and improve the stressed condition on top layer.
Background technology
The mechanical property of metallic substance and the heterogeneous microstructure of material closely related.It is generally acknowledged, crystal grain thinning can promote intensity and the plasticity of metallic substance simultaneously, is a kind of effective and conventional Metal Mechanic Property strengthening means.Conventional Grain Refinement is generally apply larger load to metal to make it that serious distortion occur, and makes the defect of its organization internal breed in a large number simultaneously, forms substructure or recrystallize occurs, finally realizing grain refining.From the mode of metallic substance failure damage, much destruction is all from metallic surface.Most typical three kinds of destructions relevant with surface are wearing and tearing, tired and corrosion.Therefore carry out at metallic surface the mechanical property that suitable surface strengthening and surface treatment effectively can improve metal, extend the life-span that it is on active service.Under the guidance of this thinking, the making Nano surface of the Surface Engineering of material, particularly material becomes academia in recent years and engineering circles is paid close attention to and the focus of research.
Metallic surface nanometer has multiple method, wherein class methods are self nanometer of metallic substance top layers (SSN), the method is generally adopt the technology such as surperficial mechanical friction, mechanical shock or high-speed shot blasting, severe plastic deformation is applied to metallic surface, makes the grain refining on surface to nanoscale.In this type of metal surface modification technique, adopt the method for ultrasonic machining to have very important value, have developed many different processing and treating methods in various engineer applied field.Wherein application utilizes ultrasonic impact equipment directly to process metallic surface widely.Ultrasonic impact equipment comprises ultrasonic frequency concussion current generator, transverter, horn, worktable, pressurization and feed system etc.
.its working mechanism utilizes oscillatory circuit produce ultrasonic frequency oscillating current and be converted to ultrasonic frequency mechanical vibration, by horn to Amplitude amplification, effectively to Load transportation.The frequency that ultrasonic machining is commonly used is from 20kHz-40kHz, and amplitude is generally between 5 to 50 microns.
Adopt ultrasonic impact equipment to process metallic surface, have two kinds of positive effects to metallic surface weave construction.First the viscous deformation of local makes coating metal grain refining, and its obvious feature is that the crystal grain on surface can reach nano level or submicron order.The size identical with matrix is transitioned into gradually by carefully thicker along with the degree of depth increases crystal grain.Secondly the viscous deformation of local changes the residual stress state on top layer, defines the unrelieved stress pressed at metallic surface.In most of the cases, residual compressive stress can suppress crack initiation and expansion to a certain extent, improves fatigue strength and the fatigue lifetime of material.
Above-mentioned ultrasonic impact treatment process equipment is simple, easy and simple to handle, and the effect of practical implementation is better, is widely used in engineering and industrial production.The particularly weld seam process field of band large-scale metal structure and product, the optimization of this technique to residual stress state effectively raises the mechanical properties such as the fatigue strength of welding line structure.The weak point that this technique exists also clearly, mainly can be summed up as following 4 points:
1., after ultrasonic impact, will there is very large work hardening in metallic surface.Although work hardening can improve the intensity of structure, owing to lacking plastic deformation ability, it is made to occur the tendency of fragility.Under the strained condition of some complexity or under the overload accidentally occurred, structure occurs that the risk of brittle rupture will be exaggerated, and this buries no small hidden danger to the security of structure.
2. after ultrasonic impact, especially after excessive impact, impact contact and leave the surface imperfection such as cut or tiny crack at metal surface, Figure 1 shows that the formation of crack (rectangle frame place) after the supersound process of S45C steel surface.Although stressed condition is conducive to the germinating and the expansion that suppress macrocrack after changing, surface imperfection directly may become formation of crack, is harmful on the contrary to the fatigue strength of metal construction.
3., due to the deformation resistance of metal self, ultrasonic impact only causes the viscous deformation of local, and the degree of depth of grain refining is limited, is generally less than 200 microns.If the thickness of deformation layer or refinement layer can be increased further, the mechanical property of material will be improved further.
4. simple ultrasonic impact needs the longer time that metal surface just can be made to reach higher to press to residual stress state, from human cost and time cost, be all sub-economic.As previously mentioned, impact the metallic surface damage caused for a long time and also can not be repaired by ultrasonic, this is the contradiction place of ultrasonic impact.
The metallic substance phenomenon that plasticity significantly improves while flow stress declines under electricity irritation (electric current, electron radiation etc.) effect is referred to as electro plastic effect.At present, by ultrasonic impact and Electroplastic (applying high energy electric pulse) compound action in metallic surface, improve its top layer heterogeneous microstructure and stressed condition, improve its mechanical property and corrosion proof method, have no related documents and disclose.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned defect and the deficiency of the ultrasonic impact existence extensively adopted in current industrial and engineering, a kind of electricimpulse and ultrasonic coupling is provided to realize the technique of metallic surface grain refining, high energy electric pulse is coupled with ultrasonic impact by it, acting in conjunction is in metal material surface, dynamically metallic surface is suitably softened and tissue repair in treating processes, to make up the problems such as surface working sclerosis that simple ultrasonic impact brings and macroscopic irregularity, optimize the mechanical property of metallic surface, in the extending structure life-span, improve the security of component.
Electricimpulse provided by the invention and ultrasonic coupling realize the technique of metallic surface grain refining, comprise the steps: that importing pulsed current to the pending surface region of metalwork by two electrodes carries out Electroplastic process, select the middle section of pulsed current effect in this pending surface as ultrasonic impact region, utilize the high rigidity of ultrasonic impact equipment to impact pressure head simultaneously and successively ultrasonic implement treatment is carried out to the surface in this ultrasonic impact region.
Wherein, the middle section of described pulsed current effect refers to that in described pending surface between described two electrodes, width is the part of 1-15cm.The pending surface of described metalwork can be plane, curved surface or Special-Shaped Surface etc.
When adopting present invention process to the plane on metalwork (comprising hardware, product) surface or curved surface area process, described high rigidity impacts the vibrational frequency 15000-45000Hz of pressure head, amplitude 5-25 μm; Ultrasonic impact static pressure is between 30-200N; Described pulsed current is imported pending plane or the curved surface area of metalwork by pair of electrodes by the pulse power, the pulsed current parameter of importing is frequency 50-2000Hz, pulsewidth 20-1000 μ s, peak point current 100-10000A.Described electrode can be surface contact electrodes etc.
Described ultrasonic impact equipment can be driven by fastening and carry out tracking movement with speed 1-5mm/s relative to the requirement of the surface topography of described pending metalwork.When moving back and forth ultrasonic implement treatment to the surface in described ultrasonic impact region, ultrasonic impact working speed is 0.05-5cm
2/ min.
It is that ultrasonic impact applies carrier that the high rigidity of described ultrasonic impact equipment impacts pressure head, and it is spherical indenter that this high rigidity impacts pressure head, and its radius-of-curvature is 5-10mm, and hardness is greater than 60HRC.
Ultrasonic impact equipment can carry out Automated condtrol by fastening, as adopted the milling machine, grinding machine, machining center etc. through reequiping voluntarily.According to equipment such as milling machines, hardware is fixed on the fixture that insulate with milling machine table, replaces the cutters such as corresponding milling cutter or fixture with ultrasonic impact equipment.In addition, during process, ultrasonic impact equipment also can be simple and easy hand-held.
Compared with prior art advantage of the present invention and positively effect as follows;
Ultrasonic impact and high energy electric pulse compound are used for metal surface modification process by the present invention, improve its heterogeneous microstructure fast, refinement surface layer grain also obtains the matched well of intensity and plasticity, make material surface reach the effect of highly malleablized, and then make the life-span of material and the security of military service obtain larger improvement.Energy much less required when utilizing high energy pulse electric current to heat than prior heat treatment, operation and implementation process simpler.The time shortening workpiece process in addition also can reduce rigors ultrasonic device to the work of high-frequency high-power state for extended periods stability, makes ultrasonic processing technique parameter be easier to control, greatly alleviates the labour intensity of workman and improve Working environment.
Meanwhile, on the basis for the treatment of effect retaining ultrasonic impact, several defects of aforementioned simple employing ultrasonic impact can effectively be solved to metallic surface applying high-frequency pulse current and ultrasonic impact.First, under the effect of high energy pulse electric current, the motor capacity of the defect (as dislocation, room etc.) in metal structure improves.This effect makes the deformation resistance on top layer reduce on the one hand, the viscous deformation that darker region also will occur to a certain degree, and the thickness of deformation bands and refinement layer is increased.Softening simultaneously due to metal, whole deformation process can carry out with speed faster, and effectively raise the working efficiency of shock treatment, save time cost, is applicable to large-scale commercial introduction.With regard to whole treating processes, ultrasonic impact makes the hardening of tissue, and intensity improves, and introduces residual compressive stress, and pulsed current promotes that tissue reply is softening, repairs undue hardening region, avoids producing crizzle.Under the conservative control of various machined parameters (electrical parameter and ultrasound parameter), tissue can be made to keep being formed while grain refining and certain press to unrelieved stress, reduce work hardening rate, improve plasticity and the toughness of material, and then improve the security of metal construction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 represents the formation of crack after the supersound process of S45C steel surface;
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are that the present invention's two kinds of pulsed current load lead-in mode and ultrasonic impact schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the original metallographic structure of D36 ship steel;
Fig. 5 is the metallic surface metallographic structure after ultrasonic impact of Fig. 4 D36 ship steel;
Fig. 6 is metal skin hardness Distribution value figure after Fig. 4 D36 ship steel ultrasonic impact;
Fig. 7 represents the zone of fracture that Fig. 4 D36 ship steel ultrasonic impact rear surface occurs;
Fig. 8 is the metallic surface metallographic structure (D36 ship steel) of pulsed current of the present invention and ultrasonic impact Combined Processing;
Fig. 9 is the metal skin hardness Distribution value figure of pulsed current of the present invention and ultrasonic impact Combined Processing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, accompanying drawing to the detailed description of the invention.
The pending surface of the metalwork of process of the present invention can be plane, curved surface or other shaped face etc.This metalwork comprises hardware, metal products etc.
The present invention can adopt the lead-in mode of multiple load pulses electric current, is illustrated in figure 2 and electrode is fixed on pending metalwork two ends; Figure 3 shows that and adopt surface contact electrodes (not shown) lead-in mode.When grain refining process is carried out to metalwork surface, the pulse power imports pulsed current to the pending surface of metal sheet by two electrodes and carries out Electroplastic process, select the middle section of pulsed current effect in this pending surface as ultrasonic impact region, start ultrasonic impact equipment simultaneously, by its high rigidity impact pressure head, successively ultrasonic implement treatment is carried out to the surface in this ultrasonic impact region.Wherein, the middle section of described pulsed current effect refers to that in described pending surface between described two electrodes, width is the part of 1-15cm.
Below the simple effect of ultrasonic impact and acoustic-electric coupled surge of the present invention that adopts is analyzed and comparison.
This experiment adopts D36 deck of boat steel, carbon content 0.14%, and initial average Vickers' hardness is HV175, and its original metallographic structure as shown in Figure 4.Tissue is made up of ferrite and pearlite, and ferrite crystal grain mean sizes is about 10 μm.Through single ultrasonic impact, its operating frequency is 20kHz, and pressure head amplitude is 15 μm, static pressure 50N, after ultrasonic impact, its impingement area(s) is organized as shown in Figure 5, as seen from the figure, through ultrasonic impact, there is strong cold deformed microstructure in metallic surface, pearlitic structure is deformed segmentation, ferrite crystal grain is elongated non-isometry, and occurs strong cold deformation streamline, and its deflection reduces gradually along with apart from case depth increase.Work hardening makes superficial hardness number improve, and as shown in Figure 6, the maximum value of surface hardness can reach about HV260 (near distance about 50 microns, surface), and hardness value is reduced to untreated original hardness value gradually along with apart from surperficial degree of depth increase.Impact makes component surface occur pressing to unrelieved stress simultaneously, and its residual-stress value is between-60 ~-110MPa, and the mean value of principle stress is-99.3MPa.Being used alone a negative impact that ultrasonic implement treatment brings is some areas because deflection is comparatively large, and work hardening is serious, and brittle fracture belt appears in surface, as shown in Figure 7.
Adopt electricimpulse and ultrasonic coupling experimental installation (milling machine as through insulation repacking) to strip steel plate test specimen (D36 ship steel) modifying surface process, insulated working platform arranges two electrode holders, pending strip steel plate test specimen two ends are clamped by an electrode holder respectively, and two electrode holders are connected to two output terminals of the pulse power respectively by wire; On the milling machine spindle of ultrasonic impact Equipments Setting after Insulation Transformation.Adopt the D36 ship steel of thickness 14mm to prepare strip steel plate sample, specimen size is 80 × 25 × 14mm.D36 steel C content used is 0.16%, and average hardness is HV175, yield strength 423MPa.Pulse current frequency 200Hz, pulsewidth 100 μ s, peak point current 1540A; The pulsed voltage root-mean-square value that test button two ends load is 180mV, carries out ultrasonic impact more in this case to strip steel plate surface of test piece.Adopt hand-held ultrasound impact device, its operating frequency is 20kHz, and pressure head amplitude is 15 μm.Impact process keeps impact gun vertical with this surface of test piece, and to make the energy of impact maximum, static pressure is 50N.For making the effect of process comparatively obvious, select to impact relatively for a long time, the speed of shock treatment is approximately 0.5cm
2min
-1.
Adopt the metallic surface metallographic structure of ultrasonic impact and electricimpulse Combined Processing as shown in Figure 8, the change of its superficial hardness number is as Fig. 9.As seen from the figure, by load pulses electric current, there is reply to a certain degree in its tissue, show that cold worked streamline weakens greatly, there is more tiny crystal grain in tissue simultaneously, illustrate that the crystal grain of textura epidermoidea obtains refinement under impact and electricimpulse compound action.From hardness value, compare and adopt ultrasonic impact merely, its hardness value declines slightly, but still can keep more than HV240 apart from the hardness value at 50 microns, top layer place.Measure its unrelieved stress, mean stress value is-89.4MPa, and all in all this stress value a little less than the residual-stress value of simple ultrasonic impact, but keeps a level substantially, does not occur the situation that stress value declines to a great extent.
In sum, under electricimpulse effect, carrying out ultrasonic impact possessing higher superficial hardness number with under the prerequisite pressing to unrelieved stress, the negative impact that cold working brings can be alleviated.Simultaneously make the reply organizing occurrence dynamics under electricimpulse and ultrasonic impact compound action, crystal grain is refinement to a certain extent, improves intensity and the plasticity on surface simultaneously, and this security for metal construction particularly welding line structure is significant.
Claims (10)
1. electricimpulse and ultrasonic coupling realize a technique for metallic surface grain refining, comprise the steps:
Import pulsed current to the pending surface region of metalwork by two electrodes and carry out Electroplastic process, select the middle section of pulsed current effect in this pending surface as ultrasonic impact region simultaneously, utilize ultrasonic impact equipment with high rigidity impact pressure head successively ultrasonic implement treatment is carried out to the surface in this ultrasonic impact region;
Wherein, the middle section of described pulsed current effect refers to that in described pending surface between described two electrodes, width is the part of 1-15cm.
2. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pending surface of described metalwork is plane, curved surface or Special-Shaped Surface.
3. technique according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described ultrasonic impact equipment drives with speed 1-5mm/s mobile relative to the pending surface of described metalwork by fastening.
4. technique according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: when moving back and forth ultrasonic implement treatment to the surface in described ultrasonic impact region, and ultrasonic impact working speed is 0.05-5cm
2/ min.
5. technique according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the vibrational frequency that described high rigidity impacts pressure head is 15000-45000Hz, and amplitude is 5-25 μm; Ultrasonic impact static pressure scope is 30-200N
;the pulsed current parameter importing the pending surface of described metalwork is frequency 50-2000Hz, pulsewidth 20-1000 μ s, peak point current 100-10000A.
6. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is spherical indenter that described high rigidity impacts pressure head, and its radius-of-curvature is 5-10mm, and hardness is greater than 60HRC.
7. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the vibrational frequency that described high rigidity impacts pressure head is 15000-45000Hz, and amplitude is 5-25 μm; Ultrasonic impact static pressure is 30-200N, and moving back and forth ultrasonic impact working speed is 0.05-5cm
2/ min.
8. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the vibrational frequency that described high rigidity impacts pressure head is 15000-45000Hz, and amplitude is 5-25 μm; Ultrasonic impact static pressure is 30-200N, carries out ultrasonic impact with speed 1-5mm/s single-way moving.
9. the technique according to claim 1 or 7 or 8, is characterized in that: the pulsed current parameter importing the pending surface of described metalwork is frequency 50-2000Hz, pulsewidth 20-1000 μ s, peak point current 100-10000A.
10. technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described electrode is surface contact electrodes.
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| CN104862454A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-26 | 华中科技大学 | High-hardness material surface treatment method and device |
| CN106967867A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-21 | 安徽省伟业净化设备有限公司 | A kind of plasticity for being used to prepare the carbon steel plate of medicine equipment recovers processing technology |
| CN107119183A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-01 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of preparation method of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure |
| CN107177722A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of preparation facilities of high-strength high hard metal material surface gradient nano structure |
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