CN116695042A - Technical method for improving titanium alloy thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact - Google Patents
Technical method for improving titanium alloy thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technical method for improving titanium alloy thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact, which comprises the following steps: performing vibration pretreatment on the titanium alloy in a mechanical vibration mode; and (3) applying an alternating electric field to modify the titanium alloy. The technical method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact of the titanium alloy can enable electromagnetic field energy to be coupled with different stable-state micro-zone phase tissues of the titanium alloy and a component matrix thereof, adjust the microstructure of the titanium alloy from an atomic scale, enable atoms/vacancies/dislocation of a damaged micro-zone in a higher energy state to move, realize random damage targeted repair, regulate and control internal stress, and achieve the purpose of improving the thermal fatigue performance of the titanium alloy and the component thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of performance improvement of metal materials, in particular to a technical method for improving thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact of a titanium alloy.
Background
Titanium alloy is widely applied to the aviation and aerospace fields and is generally used for manufacturing important parts such as wings, shafts, fuselages and the like. The premature failure of titanium alloys due to thermal fatigue directly affects the reliability and service life of aircraft and engines, which is a major and difficult problem in the field of manufacturing engineering science. Forging forming, heat treatment and shot peening strengthening are key working procedures for forming and manufacturing the titanium alloy blade, and have important influence on the structural performance of the titanium alloy blade. In the forming manufacturing process, the key procedures not only enable the blade to obtain macroscopic geometry, but also form the microstructure state of the blade, and directly determine the working performance and the service life of the blade. In the blade forming process, due to uneven distribution and fluctuation of technological conditions such as temperature, stress, strain and friction, the deformation and phase change are uneven, so that random micro-area damage (strain hardening, dislocation accumulation, stress concentration, grain boundary microcrack and the like) is unavoidable, and the random damage is very easy to become a failure crack source under the action of cyclic stress loading of the blade, especially under a high-temperature environment, and the fatigue performance and the service life of the blade are seriously damaged. There is an urgent need to develop an innovative technical method capable of repairing random damage in titanium alloy forming and manufacturing and improving thermal fatigue performance of titanium alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a technical method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact of a titanium alloy, which aims to improve the thermal fatigue performance of the titanium alloy.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a technical method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact of titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
performing vibration pretreatment on the titanium alloy in a mechanical vibration mode;
and (3) applying an alternating electric field to modify the titanium alloy.
Preferably, when the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment by adopting a mechanical vibration mode, the mechanical vibration frequency f m According to the resonant frequency f of the titanium alloy r Determination ofFrequency f of mechanical vibration m ＝(0.06～0.2)f r 。
Preferably, when the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment by adopting a mechanical vibration mode, the stress of the mechanical vibration is sigma= (15% -20%) sigma f ，σ f Is the fatigue limit of the treated titanium alloy.
Preferably, when the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment in a mechanical vibration mode, the action time of the mechanical vibration is 0.5-3.0 h.
Preferably, the application of the alternating electric field means that electromagnetic impact energy is introduced for the first time with a pulsed current.
Preferably, the pulse current application frequency f is adopted when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t The specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of the titanium alloy, respectively.
Preferably, when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy, the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the titanium alloy is controlled to be not more than 70 ℃ by regulating and controlling the technological parameters of the pulse current.
Preferably, when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy, when the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the titanium alloy exceeds 70 ℃, the modification treatment is suspended, and after the surface of the titanium alloy is cooled to room temperature, the modification treatment is performed.
Preferably, when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy, the pulse current is applied for 10s to 120s.
According to the technical method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact of the titanium alloy, provided by the invention, through mechanical vibration pretreatment, the interaction between atoms in a region with larger internal stress and a region with micro-area damage defects (dislocation accumulation, stress concentration, interfaces, microcracks and the like) in the forming processing and manufacturing process is activated, on the basis of the pretreatment, an alternating electric field is directly applied to the titanium alloy and a component thereof for modification, electromagnetic pulse energy generated by the action of the alternating electric field is controlled to carry out targeted internal stress adjustment, interface stability and interface connectivity improvement and micro-area damage defect repair on the titanium alloy and the component thereof, the electromagnetic field energy and the micro-area phase tissues of the titanium alloy and the component substrate thereof in different stable states can be coupled, the atomic scale is adjusted to adjust the microstructure of the titanium alloy, and the atomic/vacancy/dislocation movement of the damaged micro-area in a higher energy state can be realized to realize random damage targeted repair and regulate the internal stress, so that the thermal fatigue performance of the titanium alloy and the component thereof is improved. The treatment method is simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of titanium alloy according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the metallographic morphology of an untreated titanium alloy sample after hot stretching;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the metallographic morphology of a titanium alloy sample subjected to electromagnetic energy impact treatment in example 1 after hot stretching.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The electromagnetism is used as an energy carrier with high transmission rate and high energy flow density, and can directly transmit energy into the metal material and adjust the organization structure from the atomic scale. The electromagnetic energy impact technology is a brand new technology of adding physical field intensity to a metal material, and by applying alternating electric fields with different energy levels to the titanium alloy and components thereof, the energy coupling is carried out on the titanium alloy and components thereof, namely micro-domain phase tissues with different stable states and different elastic energy of a substrate, atoms/vacancies/dislocation of a damaged micro-domain in a higher energy state can be moved, so that random damage targeted repair is realized. Therefore, the electromagnetic energy impact technology is a revolutionary technical means for solving the random damage of the titanium alloy and improving the thermal fatigue performance of the titanium alloy.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a technical method for improving titanium alloy thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact, which comprises the following steps:
step S10, carrying out vibration pretreatment on the titanium alloy in a mechanical vibration mode;
and step S20, applying an alternating electric field to modify the titanium alloy.
In step S10, when the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment by mechanical vibration, the mechanical vibration frequency f m According to the resonant frequency f of the titanium alloy r Determining the frequency f of mechanical vibration m ＝(0.06～0.2)f r . When the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment in a mechanical vibration mode, the stress of the mechanical vibration is sigma= (15% -20%) sigma f ，σ f Is the fatigue limit of the treated titanium alloy. The action time of the mechanical vibration is 0.5-3.0 h.
The pretreatment is carried out through mechanical vibration, and the interaction between atoms in a region with larger internal stress and a region with micro-area damage defects (dislocation accumulation, stress concentration, interfaces, microcracks and the like) in the forming processing and manufacturing process is activated, so that the preparation is provided for the subsequent modification of electromagnetic impact treatment. In the mechanical vibration pretreatment process, the adopted vibration frequency is determined according to the resonance frequency of the titanium alloy, and the optimal integral stress homogenization effect of the component can be achieved in the set vibration frequency range.
In step S20, the application of the alternating electric field means that electromagnetic impact energy is introduced with a pulse current for the first time. When the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy, the pulse current applied frequency f E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t The specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of the titanium alloy, respectively. The action time of the pulse current is 10 s-120 s. During the modification treatment, the process parameters of the pulse current (including the pulse current action frequency f E Peak current density j E Time of action t E ) The maximum temperature rise of the surface of the titanium alloy is controlled to be not more than 70 ℃.
In step S20, when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy, when the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the titanium alloy exceeds 70 ℃, the modification is suspended, and after the surface of the titanium alloy is cooled to room temperature, the modification is performed. The total treatment time is 10 s-120 s.
On the basis of the pretreatment, the pulse current frequency to be used is determined according to the resonance frequency of the titanium alloy or the component thereof. Meanwhile, considering that the melting point of the titanium alloy is higher, interface atom migration needs to be activated at a higher temperature, when the pulse current is adopted to apply an alternating electric field to carry out electromagnetic impact treatment on the titanium alloy and components thereof, the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the sample needs to be controlled to be not more than 70 ℃ through regulating and controlling the technological parameters of the pulse current, if the maximum temperature rise exceeds 70 ℃, the treatment is suspended, and after the surface of the sample is cooled to the room temperature, the modification treatment is carried out until the total acting time reaches the preset time (10-120 s).
The working principle of the invention is as follows.
According to the metal combination principle, namely that electrons are easy to lose by elements with small electronegativity, when a large number of atoms with small electronegativity are close to each other to form a crystal, each atom gives out own valence electrons to become a positively charged atom, and the valence electrons are not bound on each atom any more, but move in the whole crystal and are shared by all atoms. The interaction between the positively charged atom entity and the shared valence electron cloud is a metal bond. The establishment and destruction of the metal bond is closely related to the potential energy of interaction between two atoms, and if the distance between two atoms is r,
u(r)＝u T (r)+u R (r)
wherein the first term after the equal sign is attraction potential energy, and a and m are constants larger than 0; the second term is repulsive potential energy, also known as the Boen-Landmark equation, b is the lattice parameter, n is the Boen index, and both b and n are experimentally determined constants.
The interaction force between two atoms can be obtained from the interaction potential, i.e.,
similarly, the acting force between two atoms can be divided into attractive force and repulsive force, and when the distance between two atoms is far (r > r 0), the interaction force is represented as coulomb attraction generated by opposite charges; when the distance between two atoms is short (r < r 0), the outer electron clouds of the two atoms overlap, and the interaction force is mainly represented by coulomb repulsion of like-nature atoms and rapidly increases with further reduction of the distance; only at a suitable distance (r=r0) the interaction force is zero. With a separation of two atoms r=r0, the greater the equilibrium potential, the more strongly the two atoms are bonded and the more energy is required to decompose them.
Through mechanical vibration pretreatment, interaction between atoms in a region with larger internal stress and a region with micro-area damage defects (dislocation plug product, stress concentration, interface, microcracks and the like) in the forming processing manufacturing process is activated, and meanwhile, an alternating electric field is further applied, so that atoms in the region with larger internal stress and the region with micro-area damage defects of the titanium alloy are recombined, active defects such as dislocation plug product and the like are reduced, interface stability and interface connectivity are improved, microcracks are repaired, strain distribution is homogenized, and damage caused by stress concentration or plastic strain localization is reduced, so that the thermal fatigue performance of the titanium alloy is improved. Therefore, the vibration pretreatment and the electromagnetic impact treatment are combined to improve the thermal fatigue performance of the titanium alloy, and the essence of the method is to change the interaction force among atoms, drive the high-energy unstable micro-region to move, improve the interface stability and the interface connectivity, improve the heat conduction performance of the material and realize the stabilization and homogenization of the internal tissue state of the material.
The following examples are used to illustrate the invention.
Example 1:
taking a TC11 titanium alloy test piece as an example, adjusting the applied mechanical vibration technological parameters by changing the mechanical vibration pretreatment mode, and simultaneously adjusting the alternating electric field technological parameters acting on the titanium alloy and the components thereof according to the physical characteristics of the titanium alloy material, and designing a technical method for improving the titanium alloy thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1) pretreatment of the titanium alloy and the components thereof by directly applying mechanical vibration. The vibration frequency adopted by the mechanical vibration is 25Hz, the stress of the mechanical vibration is 90MPa, and the action time is 120min;
s2) immediately modifying the titanium alloy and the component by adopting an alternating electric field generated by pulse current after mechanical vibration is finished. The pulse current parameters used were: the frequency is 80Hz, and the peak current is 150A/mm 2 The action time is 90s. During the treatment, the pulse current is controlled by regulating the process parameters (pulse current action frequency f E Peak current density j E Time of action t E ) Controlling the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the sample not to exceed 70 ℃, suspending the treatment if the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the sample exceeds 70 ℃, and carrying out the modification treatment after the surface of the sample is cooled to room temperature until the total action time reaches 90s.
The thermal fatigue test is carried out on an untreated TC11 titanium alloy test piece and an electromagnetic energy impact treated TC11 titanium alloy test piece, and the results show that the untreated TC11 titanium alloy test piece has obvious creep deformation (shown in figure 2) in the thermal alternation experiment process, while the electromagnetic energy impact treated TC11 titanium alloy test piece has creep deformation (shown in figure 3) in the thermal alternation experiment process, and the thermal fatigue of the electromagnetic energy impact treated TC11 titanium alloy test piece is obviously improved through the comparison of figures 2 and 3.
According to the technical method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact of the titanium alloy, provided by the invention, through mechanical vibration pretreatment, the interaction between atoms in a region with larger internal stress and a region with micro-area damage defects (dislocation accumulation, stress concentration, interfaces, microcracks and the like) in the forming processing and manufacturing process is activated, on the basis of the pretreatment, an alternating electric field is directly applied to the titanium alloy and a component thereof for modification, electromagnetic pulse energy generated by the action of the alternating electric field is controlled to carry out targeted internal stress adjustment, interface stability and interface connectivity improvement and micro-area damage defect repair on the titanium alloy and the component thereof, the electromagnetic field energy and the micro-area phase tissues of the titanium alloy and the component substrate thereof in different stable states can be coupled, the atomic scale is adjusted to adjust the microstructure of the titanium alloy, and the atomic/vacancy/dislocation movement of the damaged micro-area in a higher energy state can be realized to realize random damage targeted repair and regulate the internal stress, so that the thermal fatigue performance of the titanium alloy and the component thereof is improved. The treatment method is simple and easy to operate.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is intended to cover all equivalent structures modifications, direct or indirect application in other related arts, which are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The technical method for improving the titanium alloy thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
performing vibration pretreatment on the titanium alloy in a mechanical vibration mode;
and (3) applying an alternating electric field to modify the titanium alloy.
2. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein when the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment by adopting a mechanical vibration mode, the mechanical vibration frequency f m According to the resonant frequency f of the titanium alloy r Determining the frequency f of mechanical vibration m ＝(0.06～0.2)f r 。
3. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 2, wherein when the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment by adopting a mechanical vibration mode, the mechanical vibration is adoptedDynamic stress is sigma= (15% -20%) sigma f ，σ f Is the fatigue limit of the treated titanium alloy.
4. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 2, wherein when the titanium alloy is subjected to vibration pretreatment in a mechanical vibration mode, the action time of the mechanical vibration is 0.5-3.0 h.
5. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the application of the alternating electric field means that the electromagnetic impact energy is introduced by pulse current for the first time.
6. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of titanium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the pulse current application frequency f is adopted when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy E ＝(0.02～0.5)f r Peak current densityWherein c p D and ρ t The specific heat capacity, density and resistivity of the titanium alloy, respectively.
7. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy, the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the titanium alloy is controlled to be not more than 70 ℃ by regulating and controlling the technological parameters of pulse current.
8. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact technology of the titanium alloy according to claim 7, wherein when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy, when the maximum temperature rise of the surface of the titanium alloy exceeds 70 ℃, the modification treatment is stopped, and after the surface of the titanium alloy is cooled to the room temperature, the modification treatment is performed.
9. The method for improving the thermal fatigue electromagnetic impact of titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pulse current is applied for 10s to 120s when the alternating electric field is applied to modify the titanium alloy.
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