CN109226917B - Surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining - Google Patents
Surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN109226917B CN109226917B CN201811031460.5A CN201811031460A CN109226917B CN 109226917 B CN109226917 B CN 109226917B CN 201811031460 A CN201811031460 A CN 201811031460A CN 109226917 B CN109226917 B CN 109226917B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/008—Surface roughening or texturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
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- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining has the advantages that through electric arc electric discharge machining, the energy utilization efficiency is high, the material removal efficiency is high, the electrode shape can be customized to achieve submerged machining, efficient small-allowance material etching of the surface to be roughened is achieved through electric arc machining, tiny convex or concave controllable surface morphology features are formed on the surface, and therefore the surface roughening effect is achieved. Compared with the existing surface roughening method, the method has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost and controllable roughening geometric characteristics, and overcomes the defects of low roughening efficiency, high roughening cost, incapability of controlling the characteristic shape of the roughened surface and the like in the existing surface roughening method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to surface roughening of materials, in particular to a surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining.
Background
In bonding and glued structure application, how to improve the adhesive strength and increase the bonding reliability is always an urgent problem to be solved. For example, the current solid rocket engine nozzle mostly adopts a structural form that a composite material diffusion section is bonded with a metal shell. When the solid rocket engine nozzle is in work, the common fault of the solid rocket engine nozzle is that the high-pressure gas causes the cementing interface of the diffusion section of the nozzle to lose efficacy and is blown off, and great potential hidden trouble is brought to the model products taking the solid rocket engine as power. In order to improve the adhesion strength and increase the reliability of the bonded structure, researchers have found that the surface is roughened to form minute irregularities, so that the area of the bonded surface can be increased greatly, thereby greatly enhancing the strength and reliability of the composite structure. Therefore, the surface roughening treatment is widely applied to the occasions of bonding and cementing parts, preparing composite materials and the like.
At present, there are many technological methods for roughening the metal surface, such as traditional methods of inserting pins, mechanical cutting, laser texturing, laser cutting, electrochemical machining, and electric spark texturing, and these methods all have various characteristics. First, in the conventional insert pin and mechanical cutting type roughening surface research, in order to improve the lubricating condition of the piston, jelin university zui spring et al used a vibration machining method to machine shallow pits as oil collecting holes on the surface of the piston skirt, but this method only can machine shallow pits or holes on the surface, and cannot machine a micro-protrusion structure, and the mechanically roughened surface is limited and restricted by the hardness of the surface to be roughened. Secondly, when roughening the surface by using laser, the laser has good space and time controllability and extremely high energy density and power density, so that the surface roughening treatment of the material with high hardness and high melting point can be realized. However, the size of the micro etching pits generated on the laser coarsening surface is small, and although the bonding force of the lining layer can be improved, the structure of the metal shell and the structure of the lining layer can not be staggered, and the strengthening effect is still not ideal. Finally, in the surface roughening treatment by electric spark machining, an array micro-protrusion structure is machined on the red copper electrode by using an electric spark wire cutting method, such as Yangxian great university of Nanjing aerospace, and then the surface with the array shallow pit structure is machined by adopting an electric spark forming machining method. However, this method requires the preparation of a complicated electrode, has low processing efficiency, and is not suitable for processing a surface having a curvature. In summary, the existing various surface roughening processes have certain limitations, and no reports are reported in related fields at home and abroad at present for how to realize high-efficiency and accurate controllable surface roughening, and how to process customized geometric protrusions by means of the special process so as to introduce mechanical force into an adhesion interface to strengthen the strength and reliability of a composite structure.
As is known from patent search, japanese scholars, taegibozi et al, in patent CN107532272A, describe a surface roughening method of a substrate, a surface treatment method of a substrate, a spray coated member and a manufacturing method thereof, which mainly proposes a surface roughening process based on laser processing; in this patent, the surface of the substrate is irradiated with high-power-density laser light, an oxide film is formed on the roughened surface, and high adhesion to the spray coating film formed on the ceramic substrate is obtained by the action of chemical affinity and physical adhesion force generated on the roughened surface. Similarly, japanese scholars, dahlin et al, have proposed a surface roughening treatment method in patent CN106061627A, which describes a process of applying a composition containing inorganic particles and an organic resin on a substrate or on a layer on the substrate, drying and curing the composition, and further etching the substrate from above to roughen the surface of the substrate. Japanese scholar et al propose a device and method for roughening a copper plate in patent CN 102517617B. The main content of the patent is that copper particles are generated on two sides of a copper plate by adopting an electrolysis method, and then the copper particles are fixed on the surface of the copper plate by an electroplating method, so that micro nodular protrusions with the particle diameter of less than 10 mu m are formed, and the roughness Rz value after the surface is coarsened ranges from 3 mu m to 20 mu m. Zhang et al in patent CN107747096A propose a method for roughening the surface of stainless steel. The patent mainly provides a surface roughening process based on chemical surface corrosion, and can realize a rough surface with the thickness of 1-40 mu m to 10-400nm, thereby effectively improving the adhesive force of stainless steel and surface attachments and increasing the bonding strength of the stainless steel and the surface attachments. However, the above mentioned prior art surface roughening patents mainly relate to micro-scale surface roughening, wherein the micro-protrusions or depressions after surface roughening are generally in micro or even nano scale, and the purpose of these methods is to achieve micro surface roughness or increase surface roughness, enhance surface chemical affinity or surface adhesion, etc. However, since the size of the micro pits after surface roughening which can be achieved by the above-mentioned prior patents is very small, nothing is disclosed about the increase of the bonding area and the introduction of mechanical force at the bonding interface by the surface roughening technique.
Further, according to a patent search, japanese scholars, fuokang and et al, proposed a surface roughening apparatus and a surface roughening method for a metal material in patent CN 106345928B. The patent proposes that the surface to be roughened is roughened by pressing a mold with sharp-angled raised features onto the surface to be roughened, so as to form corresponding recessed features on the surface to be roughened, thereby achieving the purpose of surface roughening. Compared with the method of the patent mentioned above, the method can realize surface roughening with larger surface feature morphology by controlling the size of the sharp-angled features of the die, thereby increasing the bonding area on the roughened surface and introducing mechanical force to the bonding interface. However, the method is to press the mold to the surface to be roughened by a mechanical method, and when the surface to be roughened has high hardness and high strength, the method is bound to bring great difficulties, including high mold cost, low roughening efficiency, poor roughening effect, and the like. In addition, in the implementation process mentioned in the patent, the surface roughening process mainly depends on the mold to copy the appearance characteristics of the mold to the surface to be roughened under the pressing force, and when the surface to be roughened is a complicated curved surface, great difficulty and great cost are inevitably caused to the manufacture of the mold, so that the method has great limitations in the surface roughening of high-strength and high-hardness materials and complicated curved surfaces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining, which has obvious advantages particularly for carrying out non-microscale surface roughening on high-hardness and high-strength materials and curved surfaces with complex shapes, and overcomes the defects of tiny surface roughening scale, low surface roughening efficiency, high surface roughening cost and the like in the conventional surface roughening method. The invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost and controllable coarsening geometric characteristics.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) processing a special electrode with a corresponding characteristic shape or selecting a special electrode with a corresponding characteristic shape according to the surface topography characteristic to be processed of the surface to be roughened;
2) arranging the special electrode on the surface to be roughened, keeping a certain discharge gap between the special electrode and the surface to be roughened, and arranging a working medium in the discharge gap in an external flushing liquid, an internal flushing liquid or an immersion mode;
3) connecting the negative electrode (or positive electrode) of a discharge power supply with the special electrode, and connecting the surface to be roughened with the positive electrode (or negative electrode) of the discharge power supply;
4) and starting the discharge power supply, wherein the discharge power supply forms discharge machining on the surface to be roughened through the special electrode, the working medium, and tiny controllable surface morphology features of protrusions or depressions are formed on the surface to be roughened, so that the surface to be roughened is roughened.
The electric discharge machining comprises an electric arc discharge machining method, an electric spark machining method or an electrochemical discharge machining method.
The controllable surface topography comprises: needle-shaped, cylindrical, conical, truncated cone-shaped or polyhedral bulges or pits with conical, spherical and cylindrical sections.
The special electrodes are a ruled surface forming electrode, a curved surface forming electrode, a cluster electrode and a round rolling electrode.
The working medium is water-based dielectric liquid, oil-based dielectric liquid, gas or fog medium.
The discharge power supply is a pulse power supply or a direct current power supply with adjustable discharge current of 1A-5000A, adjustable pulse width length of 0.1 mus-100 ms and adjustable inter-pulse width of 0.1 mus-100 ms.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by means of the advantages of high energy utilization efficiency, high material removal efficiency and the like of electric discharge machining (electric arc machining), the method can realize high-efficiency and low-cost surface roughening, and makes up the defects of low roughening efficiency, high roughening cost and the like of the existing surface roughening method;
2. the invention utilizes the characteristic that the shape of an electrode can be customized to realize the submerged machining in the electric arc machining, and the coarsening process with customizable coarsening surface geometric characteristics improves the problems that the characteristic shape and the size of the coarsening surface cannot be controlled in the existing surface coarsening method;
3. the coarsening method provided by the invention provides measures of increasing the bonding area, introducing mechanical contact and the like for the application of bonding of composite materials and composite structures and the like by processing the customized geometrical characteristics, thereby effectively avoiding the falling of the bonding material from the matrix;
4. the invention uses the discharge processing method to carry out surface roughening, is not influenced by the hardness, strength and mechanical property of the material, and is particularly suitable for roughening the surface of the difficult-to-process material in the aerospace field;
5. the invention can realize the high-efficiency surface roughening of the complex curved surface by adopting various types of special electrodes and corresponding feeding modes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a surface roughening method based on electrical discharge machining according to the present invention
In the figure: 1-special electrode, 2-working medium, 3-roughened surface and its appearance characteristic, 4-surface to be roughened, and discharge power supply 5.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of various dedicated electrodes
In the figure: 6-ruled surface forming electrode, 7-curved surface forming electrode, 8-cluster electrode and 9-round rolling electrode.
FIG. 3 shows the roughening result of the surface roughening method based on electrical discharge machining according to an embodiment of the present invention
In the figure: 10-coarsening a workpiece model diagram and 11-coarsening a surface real object diagram.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, and a specific embodiment and operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining according to the present invention, and the surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining according to the present invention is to perform small-margin discharge material etching on a surface to be roughened 4 by using a dedicated electrode 1, a working medium 2, and a discharge power source 5 in cooperation, so as to form a controllable surface topography feature 3 of tiny protrusions or depressions on the surface, thereby achieving a surface roughening effect.
The invention relates to a surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining, which comprises the following steps:
1) processing a special electrode 1 with a corresponding characteristic shape or selecting a special electrode with a corresponding characteristic shape according to the surface topography characteristic 3 of the surface 4 to be roughened;
2) arranging the special electrode 1 on the surface 4 to be roughened, keeping a certain discharge gap between the special electrode 1 and the surface 4 to be roughened, and introducing a working medium 2 into the discharge gap in an external flushing liquid, internal flushing liquid or immersion mode;
3) connecting the negative electrode (or positive electrode) of a discharge power supply 5 with the special electrode 1, and connecting the surface 4 to be roughened with the positive electrode (or negative electrode) of the discharge power supply 5;
4) and starting the discharge power supply 5, wherein the discharge power supply 5 forms a discharge loop through the special electrode 1, the working medium 2 and the surface 4 to be roughened to realize discharge machining, and tiny convex or concave controllable surface morphology features 3 are formed on the surface 4 to be roughened to realize roughening of the surface to be roughened.
The discharge power supply 5 is loaded on the medium 2 in the voltage breakdown gap between the electrode 1 and the surface 4 to be roughened, the formed discharge plasma further thermally etches the material of the surface 4 to be roughened, a controllable surface morphology feature 3 is formed on the surface to be roughened, and the surface roughening treatment is completed.
The electric discharge machining comprises an electric arc discharge machining method, an electric spark machining method or an electrochemical discharge machining method.
The controllable surface topography comprises: needle-shaped, cylindrical, conical, truncated cone-shaped or polyhedral bulges or pits with conical, spherical and cylindrical sections.
The special electrode 1 is shown in fig. 2, wherein 6 is a ruled surface forming electrode, 7 is a curved surface forming electrode, 8 is a bundling electrode and 9 is a round rolling electrode.
The working medium is water-based dielectric liquid, oil-based dielectric liquid, gas or fog medium.
The discharge power supply is a pulse power supply or a direct current power supply with adjustable discharge current of 1A-5000A, adjustable pulse width length of 0.1 mus-100 ms and adjustable inter-pulse width of 0.1 mus-100 ms.
Aiming at the surfaces to be roughened in different shapes, the invention can realize surface roughening including a ruled surface and a complex curved surface by adopting special electrodes (1) in different forms and matching with feeding modes in different forms; the special electrodes in different forms and feeding modes matched with the different forms comprise multi-axis sinking feeding of formed electrodes, multi-axis sinking feeding of bundled electrodes, roll-pressing feeding of round rolling electrodes and the like.
The implementation process of the invention is as follows: in the implementation of the surface roughening method based on the electric discharge machining, a special electrode 1 and a workpiece with a surface to be roughened 4 are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a special power supply 5, and a discharge loop required by the electric discharge machining is formed among the special power supply 5, a discharge medium 2, the surface to be roughened 4 and the special power supply 5; the discharge voltage loaded at the two ends of the special electrode 1 and the surface to be roughened 4 breaks down the working medium to form high-temperature plasma to erode the material of the surface to be roughened, and the specific surface geometric morphology feature 3 is processed to realize controllable customized surface roughening. In the process, the working fluid in a flushing type or a soaking type can effectively cool the electric discharge machining area, takes away the discharge corrosion removal particles and products, and prevents the roughened surface from being burnt.
Examples
The working process of the invention in completing the coarsening of the sample piece in the figure is described in conjunction with the description of figure 3: in the implementation process of roughening the surface of the sample shown in fig. 3, a corresponding special electrode 1 for roughening is machined according to the surface appearance of the sample to be roughened, the special electrode 1 is installed on a main shaft of an electric arc machining machine tool, a workpiece 4 to be roughened is installed on a worktable of the machine tool, the special electrode 1 is connected with a negative electrode of a special power supply 5, and the workpiece 4 to be roughened is connected with a positive electrode of the special power supply 5; moving a main shaft and a workbench of the machine tool to ensure that a proper gap is kept between the special electrode 1 and the surface 4 to be roughened, flushing water-based working solution is carried out between discharge gaps, and then a discharge power supply 5 applies voltage and current between the discharge gaps to ensure that high-temperature plasma is formed between the electrode 1 and the surface 4 to be roughened, so that the material on the surface to be roughened is thermally etched, and then a multi-shaft feed motion of the machine tool is matched to process a specific surface geometric feature on the surface to be roughened, thereby realizing controllable customized surface roughening. FIG. 3 shows the roughening result of the embodiment of the surface roughening method based on electrical discharge machining according to the present invention, wherein: 10 is a rough workpiece model picture and 11 is a rough surface real picture.
Experiments show that the surface roughening has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost and controllable roughening geometric characteristics.
Claims (4)
1. A surface roughening method based on electric discharge machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) processing a special electrode (1) with a corresponding characteristic shape or selecting a special electrode with a corresponding characteristic shape according to the surface topography (3) of the surface (4) to be roughened; wherein the dedicated electrode (1) comprises: a ruled surface forming electrode (6), a curved surface forming electrode (7), a cluster electrode (8) and a round rolling electrode (9); the surface topography (3) comprises: needle-shaped, cylindrical, conical, truncated cone-shaped or polyhedral bulges or pits with conical, spherical and cylindrical sections;
2) arranging the special electrode (1) on the surface (4) to be roughened, keeping a certain discharge gap between the special electrode (1) and the surface (4) to be roughened, and introducing a working medium (2) into the discharge gap in an external flushing liquid, an internal flushing liquid or an immersion mode;
3) connecting the negative electrode or the positive electrode of a discharge power supply (5) with the special electrode (1), and connecting the surface (4) to be roughened with the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the discharge power supply (5);
4) the method comprises the steps that the discharging power supply (5) is started, discharging machining is formed on the discharging power supply (5) through the special electrode (1), the working medium (2) and the surface (4) to be roughened, and tiny controllable surface topography characteristics (3) protruding or sinking are formed on the surface (4) to be roughened in a multi-axis sinking feeding mode, a multi-axis sinking feeding mode or a round rolling electrode rolling type feeding mode of a forming electrode, so that the surface to be roughened is roughened.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrical discharge machining comprises arc electrical discharge machining, or electrochemical discharge machining.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the working medium is a water-based dielectric fluid, an oil-based dielectric fluid, a gas, or a mist medium.
4. The method for roughening a surface based on electrical discharge machining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electrical discharge power source (5) is a pulse power source or a direct current power source having an adjustable discharge current of 1A-5000A, an adjustable pulse width of 0.1 μ s-100ms, and an adjustable inter-pulse width of 0.1 μ s-100 ms.
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