CN103704013A - Method for cultivating shitake mushrooms by segmental fruiting - Google Patents
Method for cultivating shitake mushrooms by segmental fruiting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating shitake mushrooms by segmental fruiting. The method comprises the following steps of: making bags and inoculating from September to November each year; fruiting and harvesting at the first segment from April to June next year; making the plant dormant in summer from July to August; fruiting and harvesting at the second segment from September to November; stimulating fungus bags during fruiting at the second segment when the minimum air temperature drops to below 23 DEG C in early September to promote the fruiting at the second segment; injecting deep well water at constant temperature of 24 DEG C once to the fungus bags by using water injection needles from 20 O' clock to 7 O'clock next day, wherein the time is controlled to be less than 10S, and a great amount of yellow water seeps from the fungus bags; managing the fruiting after injecting the water; continuously harvesting for 2 to 3 times. According to the method, the two-segment fruiting technology is adopted, two-segment fruiting of the shitake mushrooms from May to June and from September to November is achieved, the yield is improved by 40 percent compared with that of the conventional cultivating method, and the efficiency is increased by 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for cultivating mushroom, be specifically related to a kind of make fragrant No. 6 mushrooms in Zhejiang in early summer with realize two sections of fruitings autumn.
Background technology
Mushroom is at the title of among the people have " mountain delicacy ", its delicious flavour, and the fragrance people that oozes, nutritious, have " plant queen " good reputation.Quality xianggu kind is ripe middle warm type in mostly belonging to, and the heat-resisting quantity of mycelia is poor, and conventional method mushroom culture at high temperature rotten rod is serious, causes on market in autumn high-quality fresh mushroom less, and makes the fresh mushroom market price higher.Therefore, research quality xianggu bacterium rod is avoided summer high temperature impact, realizes segmentation in spring and autumn fruiting technology, can improve mushroom production, improves the output value, significant.
National inventing patent 201210082108 discloses a kind of mushroom anti-season ground cultivating method, and the method is being covered with the accumbency of fully-developed bacterium rod on the ground of sand, then to bacterium rod, puts the position of plane of structure 3/4 with sand padding and compacting bacterium rod gap; During cultivation, cold canopy surface temperature is 18-22 ℃, and ground temperature is 6-10 ℃ with the cultivation space temperature difference, and relative moisture is 85-95%; Cultivation season is in annual March, and the 6-8 month is fruiting peak period.This invention, high-quality mushroom rate reach 70-80%, than the high 40-50% of traditional method for cultivating mushroom.
But this invention labour intensity is larger, and fruiting is shorter period, and benefit is not remarkable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has studied under the fragrant No. 6 kind off-season cultivation patterns in Zhejiang, by acanthopore technology and segmentation fruiting technology, realizes mushroom segmentation fruiting, improves output and the output value.
The technical scheme of this invention employing is:
A method for segmentation fruiting mushroom culture, described method is in the inoculation of annual 9-11 month system rod, and the next year 4-6 month, one section of fruiting was gathered, and 7～August, the summer was got in dormancy, and the 9-11 month, two sections of fruitings were gathered, and comprised the following steps:
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: acanthopore on polyethylene cylinder bag, aperture 0.05-0.1cm, 1/2cm of hole density, makes aperture bag stand-by;
(2) 9-11 month system rod (preferably September system rod): by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, mix by quality proportioning, be mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Described fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is packed in the aperture bag of step (1), obtain the fruiting bag of charging;
(3) sterilizing: the fruiting bag of step (2) charging is put to the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia, obtain three layers of bag, by three layers of bag sealing, constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, obtains the fruiting bag after sterilizing;
(4) inoculation: the fruiting bag after sterilizing takes out, cooling rear immigration transfer room is inoculated, inoculation method adopts inoculating hood inoculation, under inoculating hood aseptic condition, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, after utilizing the conical wooden stick of 1.5～2 centimetres of diameters to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on the position, left, center, right of fruiting bag the same side, be pressed into mushroom strain, whole process is carried out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, after inoculation, put the polyethylene plastic bag of 1 layer of atresia, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag; Described mushroom strain is fragrant No. 6 mushroom strains in Zhejiang;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: postvaccinal bacterium bag is put into mushroom canopy, and the inoculation hole of bacterium bag is towards side discharge, and every 3 bacterium bag one decks are anyhow staggeredly built in heapsly, in a row stack, and are cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag (generally cultivate 45～60 days mycelia and just can cover with bacterium bag); During cultivation, temperature is controlled at 15～24 ℃; Intensity of illumination is controlled at below 200lx, and humidity is controlled at 60～65%, keeps ventilating;
(6) annesl management: mushroom mycelium covers with after bag, starts annesl management, sloughs the polyethylene plastic bag of outer atresia, retains aperture bag, and aperture bag inner surface white hypha, 15～24 ℃ of temperature, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75～80% conditions; Be cultured to afterwards aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium and occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, when hand is pinched the flexible soft sense of knob, with lancinating except aperture bag, obtain xianggu stick, enter the management of producing mushroom stage;
(7) management of producing mushroom: generally April next year early and middle ten days start management of producing mushroom, the condition of management of producing mushroom is: it is more than 8 ℃ controlling the temperature difference of maximum temperature and minimum temperature in a day, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, humidity is controlled at 80-90%, makes fruit body primordium differentiation, after differentiation fruiting flower bud, enter growth and development stage, the growth and development phase will add forced ventilation, makes oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20～20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000～2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; Be cultured to fruit body medium well;
(8) gather: when fruit body is medium well, gather, generally in the 4-6 month, the mushroom flower bud of step (7), grow 7～8 days and can start the first tide and gather; After gathering, mushroom is put into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately;
(9) recuperation and stimulation fruiting: after a whole damp mushroom has all been gathered, large ventilation once, makes the bacterium rod dry tack free after gathering, and stop spraying water 5～7 days, allows mycelia fully grow.When adopting concave point place mycelia that mushroom stays and turn white, it is softening that fully water spray makes bacterium rod epidermis, generally sprays water 5～6 hours; Afterwards between 20:00～next day 7:00 with water injection needle to the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of bacterium rod injection constant temperature once, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out; Then repeating step (7)～(9), 2～3 tides continue to gather;
(10) summer is got in dormancy: after first paragraph mushroom is gathered, 7～August, temperature raise, and mycelia enters resting stage, now bacterium rod horizontally-arranged is emitted on to mushroom canopy on the ground, mist cooling moisturizing on daytime; Evening is ventilated, and mushroom canopy temperature is remained on below 30 ℃, guarantees that mushroom mycelium is active, and mushroom is successfully got over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: when the minimum air temperature at the beginning of 9 months drops to below 23 ℃, bacterium rod is stimulated, promote second segment fruiting; Concrete grammar is for to pick up horizontally-arranged at the bacterium rod on ground, bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, in between 20:00-next day 7:00 with water injection needle to the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of bacterium rod injection constant temperature 1 time, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, want seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out, after water filling, according to step (7), carry out management of producing mushroom, afterwards by step (8)～(9) 2～3 tides of gathering.
In described step (1), described aperture is preferably 0.1cm.
In described step (1), polyethylene cylinder bag can be the plastic sack of various shapes and size specification, and according to aperture 0.05～0.1cm, 1/2cm of pitch-row punches in the above.What in the embodiment of the present invention, use is 15cm * 55cm * 0.0045cm polyethylene cylinder bag, can acanthopore on it 60～100.
In described step (3), the size of the polyethylene plastic bag of atresia should be slightly larger than the size of aperture bag, and this is that those skilled in the art can judge according to general knowledge.
What in the embodiment of the present invention, use is the atresia polyethylene plastic bag of 17cm * 60cm * 0.002cm to knuckle.
In described step (3), the method for described constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing is preferably: after the sealing of three layers of bag, addedly enter pot sterilizing, first drain a pot interior cold air, temperature rises to 100 ℃, and maintenance 16～20h, obtains three layers of bag after sterilizing.
In described step (5), stacking to leave aisle between row and row, be convenient to aeration-cooling and check bacterium bag growing state.
In described step (5), cultivate in 7～10 days and do not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd～15 days, turn over for the first time bag, within 30～33 days, turn over for the second time bag, promote mycelial growth.
In described step (7), relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; When humidity reduces, xianggu stick is dry, when moire appears in mushroom lid, needs each water spray of morning and evening once, and making has the tiny globule on bacterium rod epidermis; General sooner or later respectively water spray 5 minutes, dries in the air after each water spray to bacterial spawn surface tide.
In described step (8), fruit body is medium well, and to refer to that fruit body grows to mycoderm broken, and cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and while transferring brown to by white, be fruit body medium well.This is well known to a person skilled in the art.
In described step (8), while gathering, should buttress on the other hand bacterium rod, pinch on the other hand stem base portion and rotating and pull up.
In described step (10), described mist cooling moisturizing on daytime be generally in the morning 8 to 6 pm in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; Described evening is ventilated be generally at night 8 to 6:00 AM, open shade net and woollen blanket is ventilated.
The mushroom strain that the present invention adopts is the suitable kind of planting of fragrant No. 6 high-qualitys in Zhejiang of the common research and development of Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd and academy of agricultural sciences, Zhejiang Province.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) fine quality is as cultivar to choose " fragrant No. 6 of Zhejiang ", and this kind is ripe middle warm type in being, mycelia is energetic, is applicable to carrying out the cultivation of segmentation fruiting; Have that mushroom lid is large, mushroom handle is thin, short, is difficult for the high-quality features such as parachute-opening, selling price is high, and market efficiency is good.
2) the present invention makes charge bar inoculation annual September, and after inoculation, mycelia is through cold acclimation in winter, and mycelia is healthy and strong; Now temperature is lower, is conducive to reduce the rotten excellent rate of charge bar.
3) change the atresia bag of splendid attire champignon compost into aperture bag cultivating mushroom, increased the gas permeability of bacterium bag, be conducive to improve and send out bacterium speed, mycelium growing period has shortened 6-8 days, healthy and strong mycelia.
4), after 5-6 month bacterium rod first paragraph fruiting, high temperature season recuperation 60 days, guarantee that mycelia is active.When September, temperature was suitable, stimulate fruiting, realized second segment fruiting, both made output improve more than 40%, can sell good price again, benefit improves more than 90%, remarkable in economical benefits.
The present invention selects the fragrant No. 6 suitable cultivation kinds in Zhejiang, and system rod is produced (the 9-10 month) under anti-season condition; Adopt charging front to cylinder bag acanthopore, increase oxygen content in bacterium rod, healthy and strong mycelia; Adopt two sections of fruiting technology, realized mushroom 5-6 month and 9-11 month two sections of fruitings, output promotes 40% than traditional cultivation method, and benefit improves 90%.
Embodiment
By following examples, the present invention is described in further detail, but content of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1:
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: on September 5th, 2011, to cylinder bag acanthopore, it is 15 * 55 ㎝ that cylinder bag requires, the low-pressure polyethylene that thickness is 0.045 millimeter, requires the normal temperature sterilizing bag that do not rise.Utilize acanthopore equipment to cylinder bag acanthopore, aperture 0.1cm, hole density is 1/2cm, 80 of each bag acanthopores, obtain aperture bag, with oxygenation, healthy and strong mycelia.
(2) system rod: on September 12nd, 2011, by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, mix in mass ratio, be mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; This medium is packed in the aperture bag of step (1) into adapted, every bag of weight 1.7-1.9 kilogram.
(3) sterilizing: on September 12nd, 2011, step (2) fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is put to the polyethylene plastic bag of 17cm * 60cm * 0.002cm to knuckle, overlap double-deck bagging, obtain three layers of bag, sealing, addedly enter pot sterilizing, adopt high-temperature sterilization, first drain a pot interior cold air, temperature rises to 100 ℃, keep 16h, obtain the fruiting bag after sterilizing.
(4) inoculation: on September 15th, 2011, the fruiting bag after sterilizing goes out the cooling rear immigration transfer room of kitchen range, according to sterile working.Bacterial classification is the suitable kind of planting of fragrant No. 6 high-qualitys in Zhejiang of the common research and development of Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd and academy of agricultural sciences, Zhejiang Province, the method of concrete inoculation is for adopting inoculating hood inoculation, in inoculating hood, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, after utilizing the conical wooden stick of 1.5 centimetres of diameters to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on charge bar one position, side left, center, right, be pressed into bacterial classification, whole process is carried out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, after inoculation, put layer of polyethylene plastic sack, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: carry out the cultivation of bacterium bag on November 2,6 days to 2011 September in 2011.Postvaccinal bacterium bag is put into mushroom canopy, the inoculation hole of bacterium bag is towards side discharge, every 3 bacterium bag one decks, anyhow staggered build in heaps, in a row stack, that stacks will leave aisle between row and row, is convenient to aeration-cooling and checks bacterium bag growing state, cultivates in 7～10 days and does not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd～15 days, turn over for the first time bag, within 30～33 days, turn over for the second time bag, promote mycelial growth, be cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag; During cultivation, temperature is controlled at 15～24 ℃; Intensity of illumination is controlled at below 200lx, and humidity is controlled at 60～65%, well-ventilated.
(6) annesl management: on November 2nd, 2011, mycelia is covered with after bag, starts to enter annesl management.Now slough polyethylene plastic bag, retain aperture bag.Aperture bag inner surface white hypha, 15～24 ℃ of temperature, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75～80% conditions; Be cultured to afterwards aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium and occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, when hand is pinched the flexible soft sense of bacterium bag knob, with lancinating except aperture bag, obtain xianggu stick, start to enter the management of producing mushroom stage.
(7) management of producing mushroom: on April 4th, 2012 start to enter management of producing mushroom.Management of producing mushroom control day and night temperature stimulate 8 ℃ above, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, relative air humidity is controlled at 80-90%, makes fruit body primordium differentiation, after differentiation fruiting flower bud, enters the growth and development phase.Growth and development stage will add forced ventilation, makes oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20～20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000～2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%, when moire appears in mushroom mushroom lid, sooner or later respectively sprays water 5 minutes, and making has the tiny globule on bacterium rod epidermis, dries in the air to bacterial spawn surface tide after each water spray.。
(8) gather: start to carry out the first damp mushroom on April 12nd, 2012 and gather.Now to grow to mycoderm broken for fruit body, and cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and transfers brown to by white, shows that fruit body is medium well.While gathering, should buttress on the other hand bacterium rod, pinch on the other hand stem base portion and rotating and pull up.After gathering, mushroom is put into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately.Every damp mushroom is about one week picking time.
(9) bacterium rod recuperation with stimulate fruiting: after on April 19th, 2012, the first damp mushroom gathered, large ventilation once, makes the bacterium rod dry tack free after gathering, and stops spraying water 5～7 days, allows mycelia fully grow.When adopting concave point place mycelia that mushroom stays and turn white, spray water 5 hours, make bacterium rod epidermis softening; Afterwards between 20:00～next day 7:00 with water injection needle to the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of bacterium rod injection constant temperature once, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out; Repeating step (7)～(8).Every other month can fruiting one tide, end on June 30th, 2012, gather in the crops altogether 3 damp mushrooms, every root fungus rod average yield 0.4kg.
(10) summer is got in dormancy: on June 30th, 2012---and on September 4th, 2012, bacterium rod carries out dormancy and gets over summer field management reason.Now bacterium rod horizontally-arranged is emitted on to mushroom canopy on the ground, 8 of mornings are to 6 pm in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; At 8 in evening is to 6:00 AM, opens shade net and woollen blanket is ventilated, and mushroom canopy temperature is remained on below 30 ℃, guarantees that mushroom mycelium is active, and mushroom is successfully got over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: on September 4th, 2012, the base minimum air temperature drops to 22 ℃, now stimulate bacterium rod evening, promote two sections of fruitings.Method is for to pick up horizontally-arranged at the bacterium rod on ground, bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, between 20:00-next day 7:00 with water injection needle to the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of bacterium rod injection constant temperature 1 time, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, want seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out.After water filling, by step (7)～(9), carry out management of producing mushroom and gather.On September 12nd, 2012 started on November 20th, 2012, also can continue to gather in the crops 3 damp mushrooms, and average yield reaches 0.35kg/ rod.
Comparative example 1: the same time period is carried out contrast experiment at another mushroom canopy
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: on September 5th, 2011, to cylinder bag acanthopore, it is 15 * 55 ㎝ that cylinder bag requires, the low-pressure polyethylene that thickness is 0.045 millimeter, requires the normal temperature sterilizing bag that do not rise.Utilize acanthopore equipment to cylinder bag acanthopore, aperture 0.1cm, hole density is 1/2cm, 80 of each bag acanthopores, obtain aperture bag, with oxygenation, healthy and strong mycelia.
(2) system rod: on September 12nd, 2011, by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, mix in mass ratio, be mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Pack this medium into step 2) in aperture bag, adapted, every bag of weight 1.7-1.9 kilogram.
(3) sterilizing: on September 12nd, 2011, step 3 fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is put to the polyethylene plastic bag of 17cm * 60cm * 0.002cm to knuckle, overlap double-deck bagging, obtain three layers of bag, sealing, dress basket enters a pot sterilizing, adopt high-temperature sterilization, first drain a pot interior cold air, temperature rises to 100 ℃, keep 16h, obtain the fruiting bag of sterilizing.
(4) cultivate: on September 15th, 2011, the fruiting bag of sterilizing goes out the cooling rear immigration transfer room of kitchen range, according to sterile working.Bacterial classification is the suitable kind of planting of fragrant No. 6 high-qualitys in Zhejiang of the common research and development of Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd and academy of agricultural sciences, Zhejiang Province, the method of concrete inoculation is for adopting inoculating hood inoculation, in inoculating hood, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, after utilizing the conical wooden stick of 2 centimetres of diameters to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on charge bar one position, side left, center, right, be pressed into bacterial classification, whole process is carried out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, after inoculation, put layer of polyethylene plastic sack, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: carry out the cultivation of bacterium bag on November 2,6 days to 2011 September in 2011.Postvaccinal bacterium bag is put into mushroom canopy, the inoculation hole of bacterium bag is towards side discharge, every 3 bacterium bag one decks, anyhow staggered build in heaps, in a row stack, that stacks will leave aisle between row and row, is convenient to aeration-cooling and checks bacterium bag growing state, cultivates in 7～10 days and does not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd～15 days, turn over for the first time bag, within 30～33 days, turn over for the second time bag, promote mycelial growth, be cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag; During cultivation, temperature is controlled at 15～24 ℃, and intensity of illumination is controlled at below 200lx, and humidity is controlled at 60～65%, well-ventilated.
(6) annesl management: on November 2nd, 2011, mycelia is covered with after bag, starts to enter annesl management.Now slough polyethylene plastic bag, retain aperture bag.Aperture bag inner surface white hypha, 15～24 ℃ of temperature, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75～80% conditions; Be cultured to afterwards aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium and occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, hand is pinched the flexible soft sense of bacterium bag knob, with lancinating except aperture bag, obtains xianggu stick, starts to enter the management of producing mushroom stage.
(7) management of producing mushroom: on April 4th, 2012 start to enter management of producing mushroom.Management of producing mushroom require day and night temperature stimulate 8 ℃ above, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, relative air humidity is controlled at 80-90%, makes fruit body primordium differentiation, after differentiation fruiting flower bud, enters the growth and development phase.Growth and development stage will add forced ventilation, makes oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20～20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000～2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%, when moire appears in mushroom mushroom lid, sooner or later respectively sprays water 5 minutes, and water spray makes there is the tiny globule on bacterium rod epidermis, dries in the air to bacterial spawn surface tide after each water spray.
(8) gather: start to carry out the first damp mushroom on April 12nd, 2012 and gather.Now to grow to mycoderm broken for fruit body, and cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and transfers brown to by white, shows that fruit body is medium well.While gathering, should buttress on the other hand bacterium rod, pinch on the other hand stem base portion and rotating and pull up.After gathering, mushroom is put into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately.Every damp mushroom is about one week picking time.
(9) bacterium rod recuperation with stimulate fruiting: after on April 19th, 2012, the first damp mushroom gathered, large ventilation once, makes the bacterium rod dry tack free after gathering, and stops spraying water 5～7 days, allows mycelia fully grow.When adopting concave point place mycelia that mushroom stays and turn white, spray water 5 hours, make bacterium rod epidermis softening; Afterwards between 20:00～next day 7:00 with water injection needle to the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of bacterium rod injection constant temperature once, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out; Repeating step (7)～(8).Every other month can fruiting one tide, end on June 30th, 2012, gather in the crops altogether 3 damp mushrooms, every root fungus rod average yield 0.41kg.
(10) summer is got in dormancy: on June 30th, 2012---and on August 23rd, 2012, bacterium rod carries out dormancy and gets over summer field management reason.Now bacterium rod horizontally-arranged is emitted on to mushroom canopy on the ground, 8 of mornings are to 6 pm in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; At 8 in evening is nice and cool to 6:00 AM weather, opens shade net and woollen blanket is ventilated, and mushroom canopy temperature is remained on below 30 ℃, guarantees that mushroom mycelium is active, and mushroom is successfully got over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: on August 24th, 2012, in mushroom canopy, the minimum air temperature drops to 26 ℃, now stimulate bacterium rod evening, promote second segment fruiting.Method is for to pick up horizontally-arranged at the bacterium rod on ground, bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, 20:00-next day, between 7:00, with water injection needle, bacterium rod is injected the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of constant temperature, and every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, and bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out.After water filling, by step (7)～(9), carry out management of producing mushroom and gather.On September 4th, 2012 started on October 23rd, 2012, also can continue to gather in the crops 2 damp mushrooms, and average yield is 0.21kg/ rod.Average yield reduces by 40% than embodiment 1, and receives less a damp mushroom, and total output significantly reduces.
The comparative trial of comparative example 2(the inventive method and conventional cultivation method)
Test site: test is located at Wuyi innovation edible mushroom Co., Ltd
Test period: 2011-2012 years
Experimental scheme:
1) fixing planting material of filling a prescription is 1800 bags.
2) the present invention's test is with the method for embodiment 1.
3) process 1: step (1)～(9) adopt the control measures identical with embodiment 1, without step (10) dormancy, get over the stage in summer, directly carry out step (11) during to summer high-temperature, and bacterium rod is carried out to water filling vernalization, two sections of fruitings; Process 2: step (1)～(10) adopt the control measures identical with embodiment 1, during (11) two sections of fruitings of step, when night in autumn, lowest temperature was lower than 26 ℃, in 20:00-7:00 next day injection phreatic water, according to the processing of comparative example 1; Process 3: whole process using the technology of the present invention, when night, lowest temperature was lower than 23 ℃ in the fall, in 20:00-7:00 next day injection phreatic water, completely according to the processing of embodiment 1.3 processing, repeat for 3 times.
4) comparative test result of the inventive method and conventional cultivation method is as shown in the table.
Note: (afterwards) rotten excellent rate timing statistics is respectively on June 30th, 2012 and on November 21st, 2012 before high temperature and in high temperature
The bacterium bag number of rotten excellent rate=rotten rod/total bacterium bag number.
One-level mushroom productive rate=one-level mushroom output/gross yield.
Contrast and experiment can be found out, the inventive method has greatly reduced the rotten excellent rate of two sections of fruitings after high temperature, has significantly improved one-level mushroom productive rate and gross yield, and gross yield has improved 60%～180%, the output that has greatly improved two sections of fruitings, possesses significant economic benefit.
Claims (8)
1. a method for segmentation fruiting mushroom culture, described method is in the inoculation of annual 9-11 month system rod, and the next year 4-6 month, one section of fruiting was gathered, and 7～August, the summer was got in dormancy, and the 9-11 month, two sections of fruitings were gathered, and comprised the following steps:
(1) cylinder bag acanthopore: acanthopore on polyethylene cylinder bag, aperture 0.05-0.1cm, 1/2cm of hole density, makes aperture bag stand-by;
(2) 9-11 month system rod: by wood chip 78.5%, wheat bran 20%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, mix by quality proportioning, be mixed with fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Described fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating is packed in the aperture bag of step (1), obtain the fruiting bag of charging;
(3) sterilizing: the fruiting bag of step (2) charging is put to the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia, obtain three layers of bag, by three layers of bag sealing, constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing, obtains the fruiting bag after sterilizing;
(4) inoculation: the fruiting bag after sterilizing takes out, cooling rear immigration transfer room is inoculated, inoculation method adopts inoculating hood inoculation, under inoculating hood aseptic condition, the polyethylene plastic bag of double-deck atresia is taken off, after utilizing the conical wooden stick of 1.5～2 centimetres of diameters to make a call to 3 inoculation holes on the position, left, center, right of fruiting bag the same side, be pressed into mushroom strain, whole process is carried out sterile working, the inoculum concentration of mushroom strain is 5% of fruiting bag composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight, after inoculation, put the polyethylene plastic bag of 1 layer of atresia, obtain postvaccinal bacterium bag; Described mushroom strain is fragrant No. 6 mushroom strains in Zhejiang;
(5) bacterium bag is cultivated: postvaccinal bacterium bag is put into mushroom canopy, and the inoculation hole of bacterium bag is towards side discharge, and every 3 bacterium bag one decks are anyhow staggeredly built in heapsly, in a row stack, and are cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag; During cultivation, temperature is controlled at 15～24 ℃; Intensity of illumination is controlled at below 200lx, and humidity is controlled at 60～65%, keeps ventilating;
(6) annesl management: in step (5), mushroom mycelium covers with after bag, start annesl management, slough the polyethylene plastic bag of outer atresia, retain aperture bag, aperture bag inner surface white hypha, 15～24 ℃ of temperature, is converted into taupe under relative air humidity 75～80% conditions; Be cultured to afterwards aperture bag inwall surrounding mycelium and occur expanding, have the knob of gauffer and protuberance, when hand is pinched the flexible soft sense of knob, cut off aperture bag, obtain xianggu stick, enter the management of producing mushroom stage;
(7) management of producing mushroom: the condition of management of producing mushroom is: it is more than 8 ℃ controlling the temperature difference of maximum temperature and minimum temperature in a day, daytime light scattering 2000-5000lx, ventilation, humidity is controlled at 80-90%, make fruit body primordium differentiation, after differentiation fruiting flower bud, add forced ventilation, make oxygen concentration in mushroom canopy remain on 20～20.9%; Daytime, light scattering kept 2000～2200lx; Relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; Be cultured to fruit body medium well;
(8) gather: when fruit body is medium well, gather; After gathering, mushroom is put into the fresh-keeping preservation of freezer immediately;
(9) recuperation and stimulation fruiting: after a whole damp mushroom has all been gathered, large ventilation once, makes the bacterium rod dry tack free after gathering, and stop spraying water 5～7 days, and the concave point place mycelia that mushroom to be adopted stays turns white, and fully sprays water and makes bacterium rod epidermis softening; Afterwards between 20:00～next day 7:00 with water injection needle to the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of bacterium rod injection constant temperature once, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, requires to be no more than 10 seconds inject time, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out; Then repeating step (7)～(9), 2～3 tides continue to gather;
(10) summer is got in dormancy: after first paragraph mushroom is gathered, 7～August, temperature raise, and mycelia enters resting stage, now bacterium rod horizontally-arranged is emitted on to mushroom canopy on the ground, mist cooling moisturizing on daytime; Evening is ventilated, and mushroom canopy temperature is remained on below 30 ℃, and mushroom is successfully got over the summer;
(11) two sections of fruitings: when the minimum air temperature at the beginning of 9 months drops to below 23 ℃, horizontally-arranged is picked up at the bacterium rod on ground, bacterium rod is vertically emitted on mushroom frame, in between 20:00-next day 7:00 with water injection needle to the phreatic water of 24 ℃ of bacterium rod injection constant temperature 1 time, every damp mushroom water filling 1 time, seeking time to be no more than 10 seconds, bacterium rod has a large amount of yellow waters to ooze out, after water filling, according to step (7), carry out management of producing mushroom, afterwards by step (8)～(9) 2～3 tides of gathering.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), described aperture is 0.1cm.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (3), the size of the polyethylene plastic bag of atresia is greater than the size of aperture bag.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (3), the method for described constant-pressure and high-temperature sterilizing is: after three layers of bag sealing, addedly enter pot sterilizing, first drain a pot interior cold air, temperature rises to 100 ℃, keep 16～20h, obtain three layers of bag after sterilizing.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (5), cultivates in 7～10 days and does not stir bacterium bag, within 13rd～15 days, turns over for the first time bag, within 30～33 days, turns over for the second time bag.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (8), and fruit body is medium well, and to refer to that fruit body grows to mycoderm broken, cap does not also have full extension, and edge is involute, and lamella all extends, and while transferring brown to by white, be fruit body medium well.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (7), relative air humidity remains on more than 90%; Humidity reduces, and xianggu stick is dry, when moire appears in mushroom lid, sooner or later respectively sprays water 5 minutes, and making has the tiny globule on bacterium rod epidermis; After each water spray, dry in the air to bacterial spawn surface tide.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (10), described mist cooling moisturizing on daytime be in the morning 8 to 6 pm in the moisturizing of mushroom canopy surrounding mist cooling; Described evening is ventilated be at night 8 to 6:00 AM, open shade net and woollen blanket is ventilated.
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