CN103674117A - Raman-scattering-based method and device for simultaneously measuring temperature and strain of identical weak fiber gratings - Google Patents
Raman-scattering-based method and device for simultaneously measuring temperature and strain of identical weak fiber gratings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Raman-scattering-based method and device for simultaneously measuring the temperature and the strain of identical weak fiber gratings. According to the method and device, by the utilization of the wire-drawer-tower technology, ultralow-reflectivity identical weak fiber gratings are dynamically and continuously inscribed through single pulse energy to serve as a sensing probe; after modulation of pulse signals is performed, Bragg reflection signals and backward Raman scattering signals of the sensing probe are sent to a high-speed CCD wavelength demodulation module and a Raman temperature demodulation module respectively; temperature distribution T[i] at all the fiber gratings and reflection center wavelength lambda[i] of the fiber gratings are obtained respectively; temperature measurement of the Raman temperature demodulation module serves as temperature compensation data of strain measurement, and measurement data of the high-speed CCD wavelength demodulation module serve as correction for temperature measurement. The method and device can overcome the defects that the Raman sensing technology is low in accuracy and speed, and strain can not be measured, meanwhile, large capacity weak optical grating array fiber cabling complexity and operability can also be simplified, and cross sensitivity of the temperature and the strain of the gratings is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of quasi-distributedly entirely with weak optical fiber Bragg grating sensing and demodulation techniques thereof, refer to particularly a kind ofly based on Raman scattering, measure full method and the device with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain simultaneously.
Background technology
Temperature and strain are two crucial test parameters that large scale system structural health checks.The stress state of structure partial key position is directly connected to the safe service state of structure, and temperature is larger on the impact such as the massive structure such as concrete dam, foundation ditch, and temperature and effect of stress often cause inside configuration to occur micro-crack equivalent damage.Due to the cross sensitivity of temperature and strain, temperature and the strain of measuring exactly large scale structure are simultaneously difficult problems in engineering always.
Distributed Raman fiber sensing realizes distributed measurement by the Stokes and the anti-Stokes light that detect dorsad, although distance sensing is long, only can measure temperature.Quasi-distributed fiber grating sensing system can be measured temperature and strain, has advantages of accurate positioning, measuring accuracy is high, demodulation speed is fast, can be of wide application.Yet traditional fiber grating sensing system is used high reflectance grating to be connected in series by optical fiber splicer, generally by wavelength-division multiplex, carry out demodulation, sensing unit capacity is little, and the insertion loss that introduce grating and optical fiber fusion welding point position is large, and its anti-physical strength can not engineering demands.On the other hand, fiber-optic grating sensor, also to temperature and strain two physical quantity cross sensitivities, is therefore difficult to separate in actual applications, to measurement, has brought a lot of inconvenience.Solve at present temperature and strain cross sensitivity problem and typically use reference optical fiber, in same environment, by making this reference optical fiber not affected by temperature or strain, then measure after the temperature or strain of this reference optical fiber, by reference to its temperature or strain, measure strain or the temperature of other optical fiber.Yet which has been brought inconvenience to project installation, and the measuring accuracy of reference optical fiber can be brought considerable influence to the measuring precision.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is just to provide a kind ofly measures full method and the device with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain based on Raman scattering simultaneously, can overcome the deficiency of the quasi-distributed sensing of above-mentioned existing fiber grating, its capacity is large, no-welding-spot, fiber grating intensity are identical with optical fiber, and can detect temperature and the strain of sensitive zones simultaneously, accuracy of detection is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, provided by the invention a kind ofly simultaneously measure entirely with the method for weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain based on Raman scattering, comprises the steps:
1) in single-mode fiber drawing process, utilize wire-drawer-tower technology dynamically continuously to inscribe N reflectivity at 0.01%～1% complete same weak optical fiber Bragg grating, obtain high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre, as sensing probe;
2) laser of wideband light source and superpower laser is accessed after coupling mechanism to a SOA photoswitch, through pulse producer, be modulated into the periodically pulse signal of High Extinction Ratio, the pulsewidth τ of pulse signal is corresponding to complete in the interval between weak optical fiber Bragg grating in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre; Pulse signal enters high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre through Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer;
3) signal of Raman scattering dorsad that the reflected signal that wideband light source produces through high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre and superpower laser produce through high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre is sent into respectively high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module and Raman temperature demodulation module;
4) based on OTDR(optical time domain reflectometer) technology, by the distributed Temperature Distribution T that obtains each fiber grating place of Raman temperature demodulation module
i(i=1,2 ... N);
5) reflected signal is sent into after the 2nd SOA photoswitch amplification, through high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module, obtained the reflection kernel wavelength X of each fiber grating
i(i=1,2 ... N), this central wavelength lambda
iall relevant with strain and temperature; Temperature compensation data using the temperature survey of Raman temperature demodulation module as strain measurement, using the measurement data of high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module as thermometric correction, accurately obtains temperature field information and strain information simultaneously.
In the described step 1) of technique scheme, adopt excimer laser during drawing optical fibers, with single-pulse laser, dynamically to inscribe continuously grating in wire-drawer-tower system simultaneously, then carry out second coat and ultraviolet light polymerization; The interval of described fiber grating is controlled by the pulsed frequency of drawing speed and excimer laser.Sensing probe intensity after dynamically inscribing is continuously the same with ordinary optic fibre intensity.
The described step 2 of technique scheme) in, in the operation wavelength of setting superpower laser and high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre, the centre wavelength of fiber grating differs 6～10nm, for avoiding Raman scattering signal and grating Bragg reflection signal to influence each other.
The described step 5) of technique scheme also comprises definite operation of fiber grating numbering: the incident light pulse that high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module obtains according to two SOA photoswitches and the mistiming t of reflection light pulse
dcalculate the numbering R:R=ct of each fiber grating in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre
d/ 2n, wherein c is the light velocity, n is the fiber core refractive index of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre.
Provided by the invention a kind ofly simultaneously measure entirely with the device of weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain based on Raman scattering, comprises wideband light source, superpower laser, pulse producer, two SOA photoswitches, three port circulators, Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer, high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre, Raman temperature demodulation module, high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module and computer control units, described wideband light source is connected with a SOA photoswitch by coupling mechanism with superpower laser, described computer control unit, pulse producer and a SOA switch are connected successively, for the modulation of pulse signal, three ports of described three port circulators are connected with a SOA photoswitch, Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer and the 2nd SOA photoswitch respectively, described high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre be utilize wire-drawer-tower technology dynamically continuously to inscribe on single-mode fiber to have a plurality of reflectivity 0.01%～1% entirely with the optical fiber of weak optical fiber Bragg grating, high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre is connected with Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer, as sensing probe, the signal input part of described Raman temperature demodulation module is connected with Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer, for receiving the signal of Raman scattering dorsad of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre, the signal input part of described high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module is connected with the 2nd SOA photoswitch, the reflected signal of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre is successively through Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer, three port circulators and the 2nd SOA photoswitch input high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module, Raman temperature demodulation module is connected with computer control unit respectively with the signal input part of high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module, processing for temperature and strain measurement signal.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1, adopted high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre, it utilizes wire-drawer-tower technology dynamically continuously to inscribe a plurality of reflectivity at 0.01%～1% complete same weak optical fiber Bragg grating in single-mode fiber drawing process, the anti-physical strength of grating itself is identical with optical fiber, no-welding-spot, large strain can be provided, high-precision sensing, and owing to having used the low light level grid of ultralow reflectivity, the quantity of sensing unit can reach thousands of, thereby it is few to have overcome the sensing unit that traditional high light grid serial connection technology causes, anti-physical strength is low, can not adapt to the problem that large strain sensing changes, execute-in-place aspect, the laying of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre is convenient, without fused fiber splice, has reduced the insertion loss of system, 2, can without reference optical fiber in the situation that, measure temperature and strain simultaneously, reduce laying and the installation cost of sensor fibre.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 the present invention is based on structural representation and the fundamental diagram that the full device with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain is measured in Raman scattering simultaneously;
In figure: 1-wideband light source, 2-superpower laser, 3-coupling mechanism, the 4-the one SOA photoswitch, 5-pulse producer, 6-three port circulators, 7-Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer, 8-high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre, the 9-the two SOA photoswitch, 10-high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module, 11-Raman temperature demodulation module, 12-computer control unit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention are described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, of the present invention a kind ofly simultaneously measure entirely with the device of weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain based on Raman scattering, comprises wideband light source 1, superpower laser 2, pulse producer 5, two SOA photoswitches 4,9, three port circulators 6, Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7, high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8, Raman temperature demodulation module 11, high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10 and computer control units 12.Wideband light source 1 is connected with a SOA photoswitch 4 by coupling mechanism 3 with superpower laser 2.Computer control unit 12, pulse producer 5 and a SOA switch 4 are connected successively, for the modulation of pulse signal.Three ports of three port circulators 6 are connected with a SOA photoswitch 4, Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7 and the 2nd SOA photoswitch 9 respectively.High-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8 for utilize wire-drawer-tower technology dynamically to inscribe continuously on single-mode fiber to have a plurality of reflectivity 0.01%～1% entirely with the optical fiber of weak optical fiber Bragg grating, it is connected with Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7, as sensing probe.The signal input part of Raman temperature demodulation module 11 is connected with Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7, for receiving the signal of Raman scattering dorsad of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8.The signal input part of high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10 is connected with the 2nd SOA photoswitch 9, and the reflected signal of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8 is successively through Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7, three port circulators 6 and the 2nd SOA photoswitch 9 input high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation modules 10.The signal input part of Raman temperature demodulation module 11 and high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10 is connected with computer control unit 12 respectively, for the processing of temperature and strain measurement signal.
In conjunction with said apparatus, the present invention is based on the concrete operations that Raman scattering measures entirely with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain simultaneously and be:
1) excimer laser that adopts 248nm or 193nm in single-mode fiber drawing process is simultaneously inscribed N reflectivity at 0.01%～1% complete same weak optical fiber Bragg grating with single-pulse laser, then carry out second coat and ultraviolet light polymerization, obtain high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8, as sensing probe, the insertion loss of optical fiber is at 0.2～0.4dB/km, the model of preform is depended in its decay, relevant to the size requirements of fiber grating reflectivity.This operation makes the anti-physical strength of grating identical with optical fiber, does not need fused fiber splice, and insertion loss is little, and consistent wavelength is good, and sensing unit quantity is large, and measuring accuracy is high.The interval of fiber grating is controlled by the frequency of drawing speed and excimer laser;
2) laser of wideband light source 1 and superpower laser 2 is accessed to a SOA photoswitch 4 after coupling mechanism 3, through pulse producer 5, be modulated into the periodically pulse signal of High Extinction Ratio (extinction ratio >40dB), the pulsewidth τ of pulse signal is corresponding to complete in the interval delta R between weak optical fiber Bragg grating in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8, Δ R=c τ/2n, wherein c is the light velocity, n is the fiber core refractive index of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8, the spatial resolution of whole Raman sensor-based system is set identical with the grating interval of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8.In the present embodiment, the operation wavelength of wideband light source 1 is at 1554～1560nm, and the centre wavelength of superpower laser 2 is near 1548nm, and its Rayleigh scattering signal, Stokes signal and anti-Stokes signal be not all with complete overlapping with the reflected signal of low light level grid.Pulse signal after modulation enters high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8 through three port circulators 6, Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7;
3) signal of Raman scattering dorsad (Stokes signal and anti-Stokes signal) that the reflected signal that wideband light source 1 produces through high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8 and superpower laser 2 produce through high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8 is sent into respectively high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10 and Raman temperature demodulation module 11 through Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7;
4) based on OTDR technology, by the distributed Temperature Distribution T that obtains each fiber grating place of Raman temperature demodulation module 11
i(i=1,2 ... N), i is corresponding to the position of every spatial resolution in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8;
5) by reflected signal successively after sending into the 2nd SOA photoswitch 9 through Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 7, three port circulators 6 and amplifying, through high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10, obtain the reflection kernel wavelength X of each fiber grating
i(i=1,2 ... N).The centre wavelength cross sensitivity to weak optical fiber Bragg grating due to temperature and strain, and bragg reflection wavelength is with temperature and strain linear change, and strain does not produce any impact to Raman temperature sensing, according to fiber grating reflected wavelength lambda
i=λ
i0+ C
tΔ T
i+ C
εΔ ε
i, λ wherein
i0for the reflection wavelength of i initial grating, C
t, C
εbe respectively temperature and the coefficient of strain (two coefficients were demarcated before measuring) of fiber grating.Suppose that optical fiber is temperature-resistant in the scope of the same space resolution, the Temperature Distribution T obtaining according to Raman temperature demodulation module 11
i, by high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10, can obtain the reflected wavelength lambda of each fiber grating
ithereby, obtain the STRESS VARIATION situation Δ ε of each point on high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8.The incident light pulse that high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10 obtains according to two SOA photoswitches 4,9 and the mistiming t of reflection light pulse
dcalculate the numbering R:R=ct of each fiber grating in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8
d/ 2n.
Core of the present invention is the setting of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8 on the one hand, makes the anti-physical strength of grating itself identical with optical fiber, and no-welding-spot, can provide large strain, high-precision sensing, and the quantity of sensing unit can reach thousands of; Be on the other hand the configuration of high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10 and Raman temperature demodulation module 11, temperature compensation data that can be using the temperature survey of Raman temperature demodulation module 11 as strain measurement, using the measurement data of high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module 10 as thermometric correction, accurately obtain temperature field information and strain information simultaneously.So its protection domain is not limited to above-described embodiment.Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and distortion and not depart from the scope of the present invention and spirit the present invention, such as: in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre 8, the parameter such as the spatial resolution of fiber grating, quantity depends on user's request, can control by the frequency of drawing speed and excimer laser, be not limited to the concrete numerical value in embodiment; The operation wavelength of wideband light source 1 and superpower laser 2 is also not limited to above-mentioned concrete numerical value, as long as avoid scattered signal and reflected signal eclipse effect to measure and can wait.If these changes and distortion belong in the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention is also intended to comprise these changes and is out of shape interior.
Claims (5)
1. based on Raman scattering, measure a full method with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain simultaneously, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) in single-mode fiber drawing process, utilize wire-drawer-tower technology dynamically continuously to inscribe N reflectivity at 0.01%～1% complete same weak optical fiber Bragg grating, obtain high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8), as sensing probe;
2) laser of wideband light source (1) and superpower laser (2) is accessed after coupling mechanism (3) to a SOA photoswitch (4), through pulse producer (5), be modulated into the periodically pulse signal of High Extinction Ratio, the pulsewidth τ of pulse signal is corresponding to complete in the interval between weak optical fiber Bragg grating in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8); Pulse signal enters high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8) through Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer (7);
3) signal of Raman scattering dorsad that the reflected signal that wideband light source (1) produces through high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8) and superpower laser (2) produce through high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8) is sent into respectively high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10) and Raman temperature demodulation module (11);
4) based on OTDR technology, by the distributed Temperature Distribution T that obtains each fiber grating place of Raman temperature demodulation module (11)
i(i=1,2 ... N);
5) reflected signal is sent into after the 2nd SOA photoswitch (9) amplification, through high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10), obtained the reflection kernel wavelength X of each fiber grating
i(i=1,2 ... N), this central wavelength lambda
iall relevant with strain and temperature; Temperature compensation data using the temperature survey of Raman temperature demodulation module (11) as strain measurement, using the measurement data of high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10) as thermometric correction, accurately obtains temperature field information and strain information simultaneously.
2. according to claim 1ly based on Raman scattering, measure full the method with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain simultaneously, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), adopt excimer laser in wire-drawer-tower system during drawing optical fibers, with single-pulse laser, dynamically inscribe continuously grating simultaneously, then carry out second coat and ultraviolet light polymerization; The interval of described fiber grating is controlled by the pulsed frequency of drawing speed and excimer laser.
3. according to claim 1ly based on Raman scattering, measure full the method with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain simultaneously, it is characterized in that: described step 2), in the operation wavelength of setting superpower laser (2) and high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8), the centre wavelength of fiber grating differs 6～10nm, for avoiding Raman scattering signal and grating Bragg reflection signal to influence each other.
4. according to measure full the method with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain based on Raman scattering described in arbitrary claim in claims 1 to 3 simultaneously, it is characterized in that, described step 5) also comprises definite operation of fiber grating numbering: the incident light pulse that high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10) obtains according to two SOA photoswitches (4,9) and the mistiming t of reflection light pulse
dcalculate the numbering R:R=ct of each fiber grating in high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8)
d/ 2n, wherein c is the light velocity, n is the fiber core refractive index of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8).
5. based on Raman scattering, measure a full device with weak optical fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain simultaneously, it is characterized in that: comprise wideband light source (1), superpower laser (2), pulse producer (5), two SOA photoswitches (4,9), three port circulators (6), Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer (7), high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8), Raman temperature demodulation module (11), high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10) and computer control unit (12), described wideband light source (1) is connected with a SOA photoswitch (4) by coupling mechanism (3) with superpower laser (2), described computer control unit (12), pulse producer (5) and a SOA switch (4) are connected successively, for the modulation of pulse signal, three ports of described three port circulators (6) are connected with a SOA photoswitch (4), Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer (7) and the 2nd SOA photoswitch (9) respectively, described high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8) for utilize wire-drawer-tower technology dynamically continuously to inscribe on single-mode fiber to have a plurality of reflectivity 0.01%～1% entirely with the optical fiber of weak optical fiber Bragg grating, high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8) is connected with Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer (7), as sensing probe, the signal input part of described Raman temperature demodulation module (11) is connected with Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer (7), be used for receiving the signal of Raman scattering dorsad of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8), the signal input part of described high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10) is connected with the 2nd SOA photoswitch (9), the reflected signal of high-capacity optical fiber grating array fibre (8) is successively through Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer (7), three port circulators (6) and the 2nd SOA photoswitch (9) input high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10), the signal input part of Raman temperature demodulation module (11) and high-speed CCD Wavelength demodulation module (10) is connected with computer control unit (12) respectively, processing for temperature and strain measurement signal.
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