CN109029770A - Distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method based on loop demodulation - Google Patents
Distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method based on loop demodulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109029770A CN109029770A CN201810660633.3A CN201810660633A CN109029770A CN 109029770 A CN109029770 A CN 109029770A CN 201810660633 A CN201810660633 A CN 201810660633A CN 109029770 A CN109029770 A CN 109029770A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Abstract
The invention discloses it is a kind of based on loop demodulation distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method, including build based on loop demodulation distributed fiber Raman temperature, strain detecting system；Distributed fiber Raman temperature, strain detecting system based on loop demodulation include optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument, high-speed optical switch, thermostat, temperature sensor, sensor fibre；Optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument includes pulse laser, WDM, APD, LNA, data collecting card, computer；Wherein, the input terminal of the output end of pulse laser and WDM connect；The output end of WDM and the input terminal of APD connect；The output end of APD and the input terminal of LNA connect；The output end of LNA and the input terminal of data collecting card connect；The output end of data collecting card and the input terminal of computer connect；Computer is bi-directionally connected with temperature sensor.Detection method of the invention can use the temperature and stress distributions along a sensor fibre while detection fiber.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of to be based on the present invention relates to the temperature in distributed optical fiber sensing system, strain demodulation techniques field
The distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method of loop demodulation.
Background technique
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques be not only as signal transmission medium but also be used as sensing unit using optical fiber itself, thus
Obtain the external physical amount distribution situation of entire optical fiber link.Distributed optical fiber sensing system measurement accuracy is high, and distance sensing is long,
And there is preferable reliability, be widely used in the health monitoring of the infrastructure such as smart grid.
In Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, according to the back scattering type of optical fiber, it can be divided into based on Rayleigh scattering
Distributed optical fiber sensing system, the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on Brillouin scattering and the distributed light based on Raman scattering
Fiber sensor system.Distributed optical fiber sensing system based on Rayleigh scattering is applied to the fault point detection of optical fiber mostly.It is based on
The Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of Raman scattering only apply to the temperature monitoring along optical fiber.In existing Raman temperature demodulation method
In, temperature information is demodulated in order to eliminate optical fiber attenuation, it is necessary to whole testing fiber is placed under constant temperature before thermometric carries out
Calibration processing is (if replacement testing fiber, adjustment laser power or replacement arbitrary system device, then must re-start calibration
Processing), thus cause it is cumbersome, it is low so as to cause the temperature measuring efficiency of system.
And the measurement of stress, strain, the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of Brillouin scattering are mainly based upon, principle is all
Change the variable quantity of its Brillouin shift using strain, stress and temperature to realize strain, stress and the measurement of temperature respectively, but
It is that Brillouin shift is sensitive simultaneously to elongation strain and temperature change, i.e., differentiation elongation strain is needed to cause during temperature demodulation
Frequency displacement and temperature change caused by frequency displacement, i.e., can not single measure temperature and strained situation along optical fiber simultaneously, and in cloth
Deep system and device and demodulating process are complex, and time of measuring has reached minute magnitude, in addition brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing
Pump light source needed for system and demodulating system are complicated, this significantly limits brillouin distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing system
Real-time and Engineering Oriented development and application.
Based on this, it is necessary to the completely new strain of one kind, temperature demodulation method are invented, to solve existing distributing optical fiber sensing
Temperature, the mutual cross sensitivity of strain in system, time of measuring is longer, and the process of calibration processing must be carried out before measurement, causes
The low problem low with temperature measuring efficiency of the temperature measurement accuracy of system.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve temperature between existing distributed optical fiber sensing system, the mutual cross sensitivity of strain, time of measuring is longer,
Can not Engineering Oriented application the problem of and existing temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers in the process that needs to calibrate, the invention proposes
A method of distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain while detection based on loop demodulation.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
A kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method based on loop demodulation, is respectively demodulated based on loop
The temperature demodulation scheme of the distributed fiber Raman thermometric of technology and optical fiber based on loop demodulation are along line attenuation detection scheme, tool
Steps are as follows for body:
Step 1: building the distributed fiber Raman temperature based on loop demodulation, strain detecting system；
The distributed fiber Raman temperature based on loop demodulation, strain detecting system include optical fiber backscatter signal
Acquisition Instrument, high-speed optical switch, thermostat, sensor fibre, temperature sensor；
The optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument includes pulse laser, WDM, APD, LNA, data collecting card, calculating
Machine；Wherein, the input terminal of the output end of pulse laser and WDM connect；The output end of WDM and the input terminal of APD connect；APD
Output end and LNA input terminal connect；The output end of LNA and the input terminal of data collecting card connect；Data collecting card it is defeated
The connection of the input terminal of outlet and computer；Computer is bi-directionally connected with temperature sensor；
The common end of the input terminal of high-speed optical switch and WDM2 connect, the f output end of high-speed optical switch and sensor fibre
The rear end of front end connection, b output end and testing fiber connects；The front of sensor fibre be wound with reference optical fiber, rear portion be used as to
Survey optical fiber；Reference optical fiber is placed in thermostat；Temperature sensor is installed on thermostat.
Step 2: setting T1 for the temperature value of thermostat；Then, start optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument, pulse
The first time laser pulse that laser issues is incident on high-speed optical switch through WDM, and then the f output end through high-speed optical switch is incident
To testing fiber；When propagating in testing fiber spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse, so that testing fiber is each
Position generates the anti-Stokes light backwards to transmission；
Second of laser pulse that pulse laser issues is incident on high-speed optical switch through WDM, then through high-speed optical switch
B output end be incident on testing fiber；When propagating in testing fiber spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse, but also to be measured
Each position of optical fiber generates the anti-Stokes light backwards to transmission.
Step 3: the stretching of optical fiber certainly will will affect biography when extraneous biggish stress, effects of strain are when sensor fibre
The area of cross section and the size of the bending loss of optical fiber in photosensitive fibre, to will affect this in sensor fibre Raman scattering
Attenuation coefficient in signal optical time domain reflection curve.I.e. system according to based on Raman scattering signal clock signal and optical time domain it is anti-
The technology of penetrating carrys out the attenuation coefficient of each point along detection fiber, is then closed according to the mathematical function of attenuation coefficient and extraneous stress strain
System measures the strain and stress variation along optical fiber with this.Distributed fiber Raman temperature, strain i.e. based on loop demodulation
Stress, strain data of the system according to the decaying demodulation of anti-Stokes light along fiber distribution.
Step 4: optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument according to the light intensity data and optical fiber of anti-Stokes light along
Temperature data of the decaying demodulation along fiber distribution.
Step 5: component computer shows temperature, the situation of change of strain along optical fiber according to step three and four simultaneously.
Compared with existing distributed optical fiber sensing system, the distributed fiber Raman of the present invention based on loop demodulation
Temperature, strain detecting method have the advantages that first, detection method of the invention can use a sensor fibre while examine
Survey the temperature and stress distributions along optical fiber.Second, structure of the invention device is simple, and time of measuring depends on data collecting card
Measuring speed, can greatly improve the measuring speed of system, while also reducing the cost of system.Third, the present invention without
Calibration processing need to be carried out before temperature and strain measurement, accelerate distributed optical fiber sensing system more easily towards industrialization
Process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows distributed fiber optic temperature, the stress sensing device schematic diagrames based on loop demodulation in the present invention.
In figure: 1- pulse laser, 2-WDM (wavelength division multiplexer), 3-APD (the first avalanche photodide), 4-LNA
(low noise amplifier), 5- data collecting card, 6- computer, 7- high-speed optical switch, 8- reference optical fiber, 9- multimode sensor fibre, 10-
Temperature sensor, 11- thermostat.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.
A kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method based on loop demodulation, includes the following steps:
Step 1: building the distributed fiber optic temperature based on loop demodulation, stress sensing system；
Based on loop demodulation distributed fiber optic temperature, stress sensing system include optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument,
High-speed optical switch 7, thermostat 8, sensor fibre, temperature sensor 10.
Optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument include pulse laser 1, WDM 2, APD 3, LNA 4, data collecting card 5,
Computer 6；Wherein, the output end of pulse laser 1 is connect with the input terminal of WDM 2；The output end of WDM 2 is defeated with APD's 3
Enter end connection；The output end of APD 3 is connect with the input terminal of LNA 4；The output end of LNA 4 and the input terminal of data collecting card 5
Connection；The output end of data collecting card 5 is connect with the input terminal of computer 6；Computer 6 is bi-directionally connected with temperature sensor 10.
The input terminal of high-speed optical switch 7 and the common end of WDM2 connect, the f output end and sensor fibre of high-speed optical switch 7
Front end connection, b output end and sensor fibre rear end connect；The front of sensor fibre is wound with reference optical fiber 8, the rear part is made
For testing fiber 9；8 ring of reference light is placed in thermostat 11；Temperature sensor 10 is installed on high-precision thermostat bath 8；Temperature
Sensor 10 is bi-directionally connected with computer 6.
Step 2: setting T for the temperature value of thermostat 81；Then, start optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument, pulse
The first time laser pulse that laser 1 issues is incident on high-speed optical switch 7 through WDM 2, then the f output end through high-speed optical switch
It is incident on testing fiber 9；When propagating in testing fiber 9 spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse, so that testing fiber 9
Each position generate backwards to transmission anti-Stokes light；
Anti-Stokes light is successively incident on data collecting card 5 through WDM 2, APD 3, LNA 4, and data collecting card 5 is right
Anti-Stokes light carries out analog-to-digital conversion, thus obtains the light intensity curve of first time anti-Stokes light.
Second of laser pulse that pulse laser 1 issues is incident on high-speed optical switch 7 through WDM 2, then through high-speed light
The b output end of switch is incident on testing fiber 9；When propagating in testing fiber 9 spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse, also makes
The each position for obtaining testing fiber 9 generates the anti-Stokes light backwards to transmission；
Anti-Stokes light is successively incident on data collecting card 5 through WDM 2, APD 3, LNA 4, and data collecting card 5 is right
Anti-Stokes light carries out analog-to-digital conversion, thus obtains the light intensity curve of second of anti-Stokes light.
Step 3: distributed fiber optic temperature, stress sensing system based on loop demodulation are according to collecting anti-
Stress distribution of the light intensity data demodulation of Stokes light along fiber distribution.
Specific stress, strain demodulation formula are as follows:
In formula: φafThe rear orientation light light intensity data acquired for incident pulse when high-speed optical switch f output end exports
Are as follows:
φabThe rear orientation light light intensity data acquired for incident pulse when high-speed optical switch b output end exports are as follows:
φab=KaVa 4φeSRa(T)exp[-(αo+αa)(L-l)] (3)
Wherein, the temperature modulation function R of anti-Stokes lighta(T) are as follows:
In formula, KaFor coefficient related with fibre scattering end section, VaFor the frequency of anti-Stokes light, φeFor incident light
Light intensity, S is scattering section, and h, K are respectively Planck's constant and Boltzmann constant, the Raman frequency shift amount of Δ v optical fiber, αo、α
A is respectively the attenuation coefficient of incident light and anti-Stokes light in a fiber under unit length；The position l of T expression testing fiber 9
Temperature value；The length of L expression testing fiber 9；L indicates the distance between the front end of the position Yu testing fiber 9；H indicates general
Bright gram of constant；The Raman frequency shift amount of Δ v expression optical fiber；K indicates Boltzmann constant.The occurrence of A parameter can before measuring,
It is obtained by the matched curve of pad value along actual stress value in experiment and optical fiber.
When it is implemented, the wavelength of pulse laser is 1550.1nm, pulsewidth 10ns, repetition rate 8KHz.WDM's
Operation wavelength is 1550nm/1450nm/1663nm.The bandwidth of APD is 80MHz, spectral response range is 900~1700nm.LNA
Bandwidth be 100MHz.The port number of data collecting card is 4, sample rate 100M/s, bandwidth 100MHz.High-speed optical switch
Switching speed is less than 10ms.Sensor fibre is common multimode fibre.
Step 4: distributed fiber optic temperature, stress sensing system based on loop demodulation are according to collecting anti-
Temperature data of the light intensity data demodulation of Stokes light along fiber distribution.
It is as follows that actual temp demodulates formula:
In formula, T indicates the temperature value of the position l of testing fiber 9；φaIndicate the anti-Stokes light that the position l generates
Light intensity value；φa1Indicate the light intensity value for the anti-Stokes light that the position of reference optical fiber generates；l1Indicate the position of reference optical fiber
The distance between front end of testing fiber 9.
Step 5: system measures the temperature along optical fiber according to formula (1) and formula (5) simultaneously using an optical fiber
It spends and should change.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although ginseng
It is described in detail according to the embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art should understand that, to technical side of the invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered of the invention
In claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method based on loop demodulation, it is characterised in that: including as follows
Step:
Step 1: building the distributed fiber Raman temperature based on loop demodulation, strain detecting system；
The distributed fiber Raman temperature based on loop demodulation, strain detecting system include the acquisition of optical fiber backscatter signal
Instrument, high-speed optical switch (7), thermostat (11), temperature sensor (10), sensor fibre；
The optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument includes pulse laser (1), WDM (2), APD (3), LNA (4), data acquisition
Block (5), computer (6)；Wherein, the output end of pulse laser (1) is connect with the input terminal of WDM (2)；The output end of WDM (2)
It is connect with the input terminal of APD (3)；The output end of APD (3) is connect with the input terminal of LNA (4)；The output end and data of LNA (4)
The input terminal of capture card (5) connects；The output end of data collecting card (5) is connect with the input terminal of computer (6)；Computer (6)
It is bi-directionally connected with temperature sensor (10)；
The input terminal of high-speed optical switch (7) is connect with the common end of WDM (2), the f output end and sense light of high-speed optical switch (7)
The rear end connection of fine front end connection, its b output end and sensor fibre；The front of sensor fibre be wound with reference optical fiber (8), after
Portion is placed in thermostat (11) as testing fiber (9), reference optical fiber (8), and temperature sensor (10) is installed on thermostat
(11) on；
Step 2: setting T for the temperature value of thermostat1；Then, start optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument, pulse laser
The first time laser pulse of sending is incident on high-speed optical switch through WDM, and then the f output end through high-speed optical switch is incident on to be measured
Optical fiber；When propagating in testing fiber spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse, so that each position of testing fiber is equal
Generate the anti-Stokes light backwards to transmission；
Second of laser pulse that pulse laser issues is incident on high-speed optical switch through WDM, and then the b through high-speed optical switch is defeated
Outlet is incident on testing fiber；When propagating in testing fiber spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse, but also testing fiber
Each position generate backwards to transmission anti-Stokes light；
Step 3: system is believed according to the timing based on Raman scattering signal when extraneous stress, effects of strain are when sensor fibre
Number and optical time domain reflection technology carry out the attenuation coefficient of each point along detection fiber, then strained according to attenuation coefficient and extraneous stress
Mathematical function relationship, the strain and stress variation along optical fiber are measured with this, i.e. distribution type fiber-optic based on loop demodulation
Stress, the strain data of Raman temperature, strain system according to the decaying demodulation of anti-Stokes light along fiber distribution；
Step 4: optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument is according to the decaying along the light intensity data and optical fiber of anti-Stokes light
Demodulate the temperature data along fiber distribution；
Step 5: component computer shows temperature, the situation of change of strain along optical fiber according to step three and four simultaneously.
2. the distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method according to claim 1 based on loop demodulation, special
Sign is:
Step 2: setting T for the temperature value of thermostat (11)1；Then, start optical fiber backscatter signal Acquisition Instrument, pulse swashs
The first time laser pulse that light device (1) issues is incident on high-speed optical switch (7) through WDM (2), and then the f through high-speed optical switch is defeated
Outlet is incident on testing fiber (9)；When propagating in testing fiber (9) spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse, so that
Each position of testing fiber (9) generates the anti-Stokes light backwards to transmission；
Anti-Stokes light is successively incident on data collecting card (5) through WDM (2), APD (3), LNA (4), data collecting card (5)
Analog-to-digital conversion is carried out to anti-Stokes light, thus obtains the light intensity curve of first time anti-Stokes light；
Second of laser pulse that pulse laser (1) issues is incident on high-speed optical switch (7) through WDM (2), then through high-speed light
The b output end of switch is incident on testing fiber (9)；When propagating in testing fiber (9) spontaneous Raman scattering occurs for laser pulse,
But also each position of testing fiber (9) generates the anti-Stokes light backwards to transmission；
Anti-Stokes light is successively incident on data collecting card (5) through WDM (2), APD (3), LNA (4), data collecting card (5)
Analog-to-digital conversion is carried out to anti-Stokes light, thus obtains the light intensity curve of second of anti-Stokes light；
Step 3: distributed fiber optic temperature, stress sensing system based on loop demodulation are according to collecting anti-Stokes light
Light intensity data demodulation along fiber distribution stress distribution；
Specific stress, strain demodulation formula are as follows:
In formula: φafThe rear orientation light light intensity data acquired for incident pulse when high-speed optical switch f output end exports are as follows:
φabThe rear orientation light light intensity data acquired for incident pulse when high-speed optical switch b output end exports are as follows:
Wherein, the temperature modulation function R of anti-Stokes lighta(T) are as follows:
In formula, KaFor coefficient related with fibre scattering end section, VaFor the frequency of anti-Stokes light, φeFor the light of incident light
By force, S is scattering section, and h, K are respectively Planck's constant and Boltzmann constant, the Raman frequency shift amount of Δ v optical fiber, αo、αaRespectively
For the attenuation coefficient under incident light and anti-Stokes light in a fiber unit length；T indicates the temperature of the position l of testing fiber 9
Angle value；The length of L expression testing fiber 9；L indicates the distance between the front end of the position Yu testing fiber 9；H indicates Planck
Constant；The Raman frequency shift amount of Δ v expression optical fiber；K indicates Boltzmann constant；The occurrence of A parameter can pass through before measuring
The matched curve of pad value obtains along actual stress value and optical fiber in experiment；
Step 4: distributed fiber optic temperature, stress sensing system based on loop demodulation are according to collecting anti-Stokes light
Light intensity data demodulation along fiber distribution temperature data；
It is as follows that actual temp demodulates formula:
In formula, T indicates the temperature value of the position l of testing fiber (9)；φaIndicate the light intensity for the anti-Stokes light that the position l generates
Value；φa1Indicate the light intensity value for the anti-Stokes light that the position of reference optical fiber generates；l1Indicate position and the biography of reference optical fiber
The distance between the front end of photosensitive fibre.
3. the distributed fiber Raman temperature and strain demodulation method according to claim 1 or 2 based on loop demodulation,
Be characterized in that: the wavelength of the pulse laser (1) is 1550.1nm, pulsewidth 10ns, repetition rate 8KHz；The WDM
(2) operation wavelength is 1550nm/1450nm/1663nm；The bandwidth of the APD (3) is 80MHz, spectral response range 900
~1700nm；The bandwidth of the LNA (4) is 100MHz.The port number of the data collecting card is 4, sample rate 100M/s, band
Width is 100MHz；The switching speed of the high-speed optical switch (7) is less than 10ms；The sensor fibre is common multimode fibre.
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