CN105953942A - Distributed fiber based cable fault diagnosis system - Google Patents

Distributed fiber based cable fault diagnosis system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105953942A
CN105953942A CN201610340208.7A CN201610340208A CN105953942A CN 105953942 A CN105953942 A CN 105953942A CN 201610340208 A CN201610340208 A CN 201610340208A CN 105953942 A CN105953942 A CN 105953942A
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photodetector
acquisition card
data acquisition
wavelength division
data
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孙宝平
侯宏生
董学坤
杨福君
杜彬
田小禾
李双宝
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/08Protective devices, e.g. casings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G01K11/324Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Raman scattering

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,包括脉冲光源、波分复用器、光电探测器、传感光纤、数据采集卡和数据分析系统;脉冲光源与波分复用器连接,波分复用器同时与传感光纤、光电探测器连接;光电探测器与数据采集卡连接,数据采集卡与数据分析系统连接;脉冲光源还与数据采集卡直接连接;脉冲光源发出脉冲发出的光脉冲经波分复用器进传感光纤;拉曼散射光经波分复用器输入到光电探测器进行光电转换和电压放大;所述数据采集卡采集光电探测器中输出的信号,并将其传输给数据分析系统进行存储、分析和预警。该系统检测结果准确,避免磁场、电流和应变对传感器的影响,能提高电缆古筝监测效率,同时具有良好的性价比。

The invention discloses a cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber, which comprises a pulse light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a photoelectric detector, a sensing fiber, a data acquisition card and a data analysis system; the pulse light source and the wavelength division multiplexer Connection, the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the sensing fiber and photodetector at the same time; the photodetector is connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with the data analysis system; the pulse light source is also directly connected with the data acquisition card; the pulse light source sends out pulses The emitted light pulse enters the sensing fiber through the wavelength division multiplexer; the Raman scattered light is input to the photodetector through the wavelength division multiplexer for photoelectric conversion and voltage amplification; the data acquisition card collects the output signal of the photodetector , and transmit it to the data analysis system for storage, analysis and early warning. The system has accurate detection results, avoids the influence of magnetic field, current and strain on the sensor, can improve the efficiency of cable guzheng monitoring, and has good cost performance.

Description

基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统Cable Fault Diagnosis System Based on Distributed Optical Fiber

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及电缆故障诊断领域,特别是涉及一种基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统。The invention relates to the field of cable fault diagnosis, in particular to a cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fibers.

背景技术Background technique

电力电缆广泛地应用于输变电的各种环境中,而且随着国民经济的发展,城市电网建设的不断改造,电缆的使用量在逐年增长,将逐渐取代架空线。为满足电力生产安全和国民经济生产的需要,要求埋于地下的电缆必须能够长期连续地运行。其绝缘性直接影响电力系统安全可靠性,如何对电缆绝缘性进行监控,一直是我们面临的难题。电力电缆在高电压、强电场、大电流和复杂环境条件下,由于铜损和介质损耗增加导致电缆温升,会加剧电缆绝缘老化和绝缘恶化,因此如何有效地对电缆温度进行实时监测,是实现电缆状态在线监测、预防事故和保障电网安全运行的重要手段。Power cables are widely used in various environments of power transmission and transformation, and with the development of the national economy and the continuous transformation of urban power grid construction, the use of cables is increasing year by year, and will gradually replace overhead lines. In order to meet the needs of power production safety and national economic production, it is required that the cables buried underground must be able to run continuously for a long time. Its insulation directly affects the safety and reliability of the power system. How to monitor the cable insulation has always been a difficult problem for us. Under the conditions of high voltage, strong electric field, high current and complex environment, the temperature rise of the cable due to the increase of copper loss and dielectric loss will aggravate the aging and deterioration of the cable insulation. Therefore, how to effectively monitor the temperature of the cable in real time is a It is an important means to realize online monitoring of cable status, prevent accidents and ensure safe operation of power grid.

输电电缆的温度变化在正常运行情况下是由于电流通过内部导体而引起的。电缆介质的热稳定性能与电缆温度变化有十分密切的关系,一旦运行电缆过负荷,导体过负荷温度将急剧上升。输电电缆绝缘是由于多种因素共同作用发生老化,泄漏电流增加,特别是较大泄漏电流时,更使局部温度升高;同时,如果高压电缆内部链接不紧密,导通电阻增加,局部温度也会增加,所以通过温度监测可以及时发现电缆绝缘故障,在故障未导致电缆连接头爆炸、起火前采取相应措施阻止严重事故的发生。The temperature change of the transmission cable is caused by the current passing through the inner conductor under normal operating conditions. The thermal stability of the cable medium is closely related to the temperature change of the cable. Once the cable is overloaded, the overload temperature of the conductor will rise sharply. The insulation of the transmission cable is aging due to the combined action of various factors, and the leakage current increases, especially when the leakage current is large, the local temperature rises; at the same time, if the internal connection of the high-voltage cable is not tight, the conduction resistance increases and the local temperature also increases. Therefore, the cable insulation fault can be found in time through temperature monitoring, and corresponding measures can be taken to prevent serious accidents before the fault does not cause the cable connector to explode or catch fire.

传统的电缆故障监测方法主要是根据电缆中的电流变化或局部放电信息来判断电缆的故障信息。这些方法不易将外界干扰去除,且方法复杂,成本较高。而温度法方法易行,且不易受强电场和大电流等外界因素影响,目前一般采用分布式光纤测量温度来实现电缆故障监测,但是直接粘贴光纤于电缆上,光线数据易受应变影响,监测结果不准确。The traditional cable fault monitoring method mainly judges the cable fault information according to the current change or partial discharge information in the cable. These methods are not easy to remove external interference, and the methods are complicated and costly. The temperature method is easy to implement and is not easily affected by external factors such as strong electric fields and large currents. At present, distributed optical fiber is generally used to measure temperature to realize cable fault monitoring, but the optical fiber is directly pasted on the cable, and the light data is easily affected by strain. The result is inaccurate.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,检测结果准确,避免磁场、电流和应变对传感器的影响,能提高电缆古筝监测效率,同时具有良好的性价比。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber, which has accurate detection results, avoids the influence of magnetic field, current and strain on the sensor, can improve the efficiency of cable zither monitoring, and has good cost performance.

为此,本发明的技术方案如下:For this reason, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

一种基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,包括脉冲光源、波分复用器、光电探测器、传感光纤、数据采集卡和数据分析系统;所述脉冲光源与波分复用器连接,所述波分复用器同时与传感光纤、光电探测器连接;所述光电探测器与数据采集卡连接,所述数据采集卡与数据分析系统连接;所述脉冲光源还与数据采集卡直接连接;A cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber, comprising a pulsed light source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a photodetector, a sensing fiber, a data acquisition card and a data analysis system; the pulsed light source is connected with the wavelength division multiplexer, The wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the sensing optical fiber and the photodetector at the same time; the photodetector is connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with the data analysis system; the pulse light source is also directly connected with the data acquisition card connect;

所述传感光纤有多条,其捆扎或内敷于待测电缆上;There are multiple sensing optical fibers, which are bundled or internally applied on the cable to be tested;

所述脉冲光源发出脉冲发出的光脉冲经波分复用器中的双向耦合器耦合进传感光纤;入射脉冲光在光纤中传输时与介质分子相互作用产生后向自发拉曼散射光,所述拉曼散射光经过波分复用器中的薄膜干涉滤光片滤出Stokes光和Anti-Stokes光,输入到光电探测器的APD模块中进行光电转换和电压放大;所述数据采集卡基于分布式光纤拉曼测温系统的工作原理采集光电探测器中输出的信号,并将其传输给数据分析系统;The light pulse emitted by the pulsed light source is coupled into the sensing fiber through the bidirectional coupler in the wavelength division multiplexer; when the incident pulse light is transmitted in the fiber, it interacts with the medium molecules to generate spontaneous Raman scattered light, so The Raman scattered light passes through the thin-film interference filter in the wavelength division multiplexer to filter out Stokes light and Anti-Stokes light, and is input into the APD module of the photodetector for photoelectric conversion and voltage amplification; the data acquisition card is based on The working principle of the distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system collects the output signal from the photodetector and transmits it to the data analysis system;

同时,所述数据采集卡直接从所述脉冲光源中采集同步光脉冲数据,并将其传输给数据分析系统,作为预设基准数值;At the same time, the data acquisition card directly collects synchronous light pulse data from the pulse light source, and transmits it to the data analysis system as a preset reference value;

所述数据分析系统存储接收来的数据,并对接收到的温度数据进行存储、分析,考察温度变化幅度与预设基准数值的差值,差值在变化范围内则继续循环运行分析过程;若差值在变化范围外在发出故障预警的同时循环运行分析过程。The data analysis system stores the received data, stores and analyzes the received temperature data, examines the difference between the temperature variation range and the preset reference value, and continues to run the analysis process cyclically if the difference is within the variation range; Differences outside the range of variation run the analysis cycle while issuing an early warning of failure.

优选,所述基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统还包括光开关,所述光开关设置于传感光纤与光电探测器之间,用于光路切换,实现系统对多条电缆进行故障监测,进一步增强系统的监测能力。Preferably, the cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber also includes an optical switch, the optical switch is arranged between the sensing optical fiber and the photodetector, and is used for optical path switching, so as to realize the fault monitoring of multiple cables by the system, further Enhance the monitoring capability of the system.

该基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,具有如下优点:The cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber has the following advantages:

1)使用分布式光纤对电缆故障进行实时监测,并能及时预警。使用的分布式光纤使用铝合金管进行保护,并填充导热硅胶,并将整个光纤捆扎或内敷设于电缆上。这样可以避免电缆应变对光纤检测的温度数据的影响,相对于传统分布式光纤可以获取准确温度信息。1) Use distributed optical fiber to monitor cable faults in real time and provide early warning. The distributed optical fiber used is protected by an aluminum alloy tube, filled with thermal silica gel, and the entire optical fiber is bundled or laid on the cable. In this way, the influence of cable strain on the temperature data detected by the optical fiber can be avoided, and accurate temperature information can be obtained compared with traditional distributed optical fibers.

2)本发明可有效监测电缆故障,系统简单易行,可以有效降低人工巡检的劳动强度,并提高监测效率。2) The present invention can effectively monitor cable faults, the system is simple and easy to implement, can effectively reduce the labor intensity of manual patrol inspection, and improve monitoring efficiency.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber of the present invention;

图2为数据分析系统的工作流程图。Figure 2 is a workflow diagram of the data analysis system.

具体实施方式detailed description

以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

如图1所示,一种基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,包括脉冲光源、波分复用器、光电探测器、传感光纤、数据采集卡和数据分析系统;所述脉冲光源与波分复用器连接,所述波分复用器同时与传感光纤、光电探测器连接;所述光电探测器与数据采集卡连接,所述数据采集卡与数据分析系统连接;所述脉冲光源还与数据采集卡直接连接;As shown in Figure 1, a kind of cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber, comprises pulse light source, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector, sensing optical fiber, data acquisition card and data analysis system; Described pulse light source and wave The multiplexer is connected, and the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the sensing optical fiber and the photodetector at the same time; the photodetector is connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with the data analysis system; the pulse light source It is also directly connected with the data acquisition card;

所述脉冲光源发出脉冲发出的光脉冲经波分复用器中的双向耦合器耦合进传感光纤;入射脉冲光在光纤中传输时与介质分子相互作用产生后向自发拉曼散射光,所述拉曼散射光经过波分复用器中的薄膜干涉滤光片滤出Stokes光和Anti-Stokes光,输入到光电探测器的APD模块中进行光电转换和电压放大;所述数据采集卡基于分布式光纤拉曼测温系统的工作原理采集光电探测器中输出的信号,并将其传输给数据分析系统;The light pulse emitted by the pulsed light source is coupled into the sensing fiber through the bidirectional coupler in the wavelength division multiplexer; when the incident pulse light is transmitted in the fiber, it interacts with the medium molecules to generate spontaneous Raman scattered light, so The Raman scattered light passes through the thin-film interference filter in the wavelength division multiplexer to filter out Stokes light and Anti-Stokes light, and is input into the APD module of the photodetector for photoelectric conversion and voltage amplification; the data acquisition card is based on The working principle of the distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system collects the output signal from the photodetector and transmits it to the data analysis system;

同时,所述数据采集卡直接从所述脉冲光源中采集同步光脉冲数据,并将其传输给数据分析系统,作为预设基准数值;At the same time, the data acquisition card directly collects synchronous light pulse data from the pulse light source, and transmits it to the data analysis system as a preset reference value;

如图2所示,所述数据分析系统存储接收来的数据,并对接收到的温度数据进行存储、分析,考察温度变化幅度与预设基准数值的差值,差值在变化范围内则继续循环运行分析过程;若差值在变化范围外在发出故障预警的同时循环运行分析过程。As shown in Figure 2, the data analysis system stores the received data, stores and analyzes the received temperature data, examines the difference between the temperature change range and the preset reference value, and continues to process the difference within the range of change. The analysis process is run cyclically; if the difference is outside the range of variation, the analysis process is run cyclically while issuing a fault warning.

优选,所述基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统还包括光开关,所述光开关设置于传感光纤与光电探测器之间,用于光路切换,实现系统对多条电缆进行故障监测,进一步增强系统的监测能力。Preferably, the cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber also includes an optical switch, the optical switch is arranged between the sensing optical fiber and the photodetector, and is used for optical path switching, so as to realize the fault monitoring of multiple cables by the system, further Enhance the monitoring capability of the system.

在本发明的一个实施例中,脉冲光源中心波长为1550nm,脉冲宽度未10ns,重复频率为10KHz,峰值功率未20W。波分复用器由1×3双向耦合器和多光束干涉型高隔离度的光学滤光片组成。输入1550nm光,输出1450nm和1663nm光。光开光为切换光路。光电探测器使用雪崩二极管,将光强转换为电信号。传感光纤外套铝合金管,并填充导热硅胶,然后捆扎或内敷设于电缆上。数据采集卡采集实时的温度数据。数据分析系统对数据进行存储,并进行分析和预警。In one embodiment of the present invention, the center wavelength of the pulse light source is 1550nm, the pulse width is 10ns, the repetition frequency is 10KHz, and the peak power is 20W. The wavelength division multiplexer consists of a 1×3 bidirectional coupler and a multi-beam interference type optical filter with high isolation. Input 1550nm light, output 1450nm and 1663nm light. Light on is to switch the light path. Photodetectors use avalanche diodes to convert light intensity into electrical signals. The sensing fiber is sheathed in an aluminum alloy tube, filled with heat-conducting silica gel, and then bundled or laid on the cable. The data acquisition card collects real-time temperature data. The data analysis system stores, analyzes and warns the data.

本发明的工作原理是:光脉冲经波分复用器中的双向耦合器耦合进传感光纤,当入射脉冲光在光纤中传输时与介质分子相互作用产生后向自发拉曼散射光,电缆产生故障时,线缆温度必然产生变化,散射光的光强随光纤所处环境温度的变化而变化,散射光经过波分复用器中的薄膜干涉滤光片滤出Stokes光和Anti-Stokes光,输入到双通道光电探测器APD模块中进行光电转换和电压放大,然后高数数据采集卡以一定的采样率对信号进行采集,不同的采样时间即对应着不同的光纤长度。数据采集卡将一次采集的数据依次存储于特定的存储器,当下一脉冲发出时,重复以上过程,并将数据存储到对应的存储单元进行多次累加平均等数据处理,然后与系统中设定的电缆设定的温度范围及变化范围进行判断,并确定电缆是否处于故障状态。The working principle of the present invention is: the light pulse is coupled into the sensing fiber through the bidirectional coupler in the wavelength division multiplexer. When the incident pulse light is transmitted in the fiber, it interacts with the medium molecules to generate backward spontaneous Raman scattered light. When a fault occurs, the temperature of the cable will inevitably change, and the light intensity of the scattered light will change with the change of the ambient temperature of the optical fiber. The scattered light will filter out Stokes light and Anti-Stokes light through the thin film interference filter in the wavelength division multiplexer. The light is input to the dual-channel photodetector APD module for photoelectric conversion and voltage amplification, and then the high-speed data acquisition card collects the signal at a certain sampling rate, and different sampling times correspond to different fiber lengths. The data acquisition card stores the data collected once in a specific memory in turn. When the next pulse is sent out, the above process is repeated, and the data is stored in the corresponding storage unit for multiple times of accumulation and averaging. The temperature range and variation range set by the cable are used to judge, and determine whether the cable is in a fault state.

本发明提供了一种基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,系统可以提高电缆监测的效率,同时可以避免磁场,电流和应变对传感器的影响。且该系统简单易行,并具有良好的性价比。The invention provides a cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fibers. The system can improve the efficiency of cable monitoring and can avoid the influence of magnetic field, current and strain on sensors. Moreover, the system is simple and easy to operate, and has good cost performance.

Claims (2)

1.一种基于分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,其特征在于:包括脉冲光源、波分复用器、光电探测器、传感光纤、数据采集卡和数据分析系统;所述脉冲光源与波分复用器连接,所述波分复用器同时与传感光纤、光电探测器连接;所述光电探测器与数据采集卡连接,所述数据采集卡与数据分析系统连接;所述脉冲光源还与数据采集卡直接连接;1. A cable fault diagnosis system based on distributed optical fiber is characterized in that: comprise pulsed light source, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector, sensing optical fiber, data acquisition card and data analysis system; Described pulsed light source and wave The multiplexer is connected, and the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the sensing optical fiber and the photodetector at the same time; the photodetector is connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with the data analysis system; the pulse light source It is also directly connected with the data acquisition card; 所述传感光纤有多条,其捆扎或内敷于待测电缆上;There are multiple sensing optical fibers, which are bundled or internally applied on the cable to be tested; 所述脉冲光源发出脉冲发出的光脉冲经波分复用器中的双向耦合器耦合进传感光纤;入射脉冲光在光纤中传输时与介质分子相互作用产生后向自发拉曼散射光,所述拉曼散射光经过波分复用器中的薄膜干涉滤光片滤出Stokes光和Anti-Stokes光,输入到光电探测器的APD模块中进行光电转换和电压放大;所述数据采集卡基于分布式光纤拉曼测温系统的工作原理采集光电探测器中输出的信号,并将其传输给数据分析系统;The light pulse emitted by the pulsed light source is coupled into the sensing fiber through the bidirectional coupler in the wavelength division multiplexer; when the incident pulse light is transmitted in the fiber, it interacts with the medium molecules to generate spontaneous Raman scattered light, so The Raman scattered light passes through the thin-film interference filter in the wavelength division multiplexer to filter out Stokes light and Anti-Stokes light, and is input into the APD module of the photodetector for photoelectric conversion and voltage amplification; the data acquisition card is based on The working principle of the distributed optical fiber Raman temperature measurement system collects the output signal from the photodetector and transmits it to the data analysis system; 同时,所述数据采集卡直接从所述脉冲光源中采集同步光脉冲数据,并将其传输给数据分析系统,作为预设基准数值;At the same time, the data acquisition card directly collects synchronous light pulse data from the pulse light source, and transmits it to the data analysis system as a preset reference value; 所述数据分析系统存储接收来的数据,并对接收到的温度数据进行存储、分析,考察温度变化幅度与预设基准数值的差值,差值在变化范围内则继续循环运行分析过程;若差值在变化范围外在发出故障预警的同时循环运行分析过程。The data analysis system stores the received data, stores and analyzes the received temperature data, examines the difference between the temperature variation range and the preset reference value, and continues to run the analysis process cyclically if the difference is within the variation range; Differences outside the range of variation run the analysis cycle while issuing an early warning of failure. 2.如权利要求1所述分布式光纤的电缆故障诊断系统,其特征在于:还包括光开关,所述光开关设置于传感光纤与光电探测器之间。2 . The cable fault diagnosis system for distributed optical fiber according to claim 1 , further comprising an optical switch, the optical switch being arranged between the sensing optical fiber and the photodetector. 3 .
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